EAGES Proceedings - Introduction
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This document provides the proceedings from the 2001 International Ground Effect Symposium held in Toulouse, France. It includes: - An introduction and preface discussing the history and potential future of wing in ground effect (WIG) craft. - Acknowledgements and details of the organizing board and sponsors. - A list of participants from the symposium. - The table of contents listing 10 paper presentations on topics related to WIG technology, craft design, and testing. - Appendices with additional WIG resources including related websites, books, and information about the host organizations Euroavia and SUPAERO. The proceedings capture presentations and discussions from experts in the field of
EAGES Proceedings - Introduction
- 1. EAGES PROCEEDINGS EAGES 2001 International Ground Effect Symposium. Toulouse, France 12-15 June 2001 Euroavia Toulouse euroavia@supaero.fr http ://toulouse.euroavia.org Edited by St´ephan Aubin 1
- 2. ISBN : 2-9518420-0-7 Additional copies of this book can be obtained from : Euroavia Toulouse SUPAERO 10 avenue Edouard Belin 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4 France e-mail : euroavia@supaero.fr EAGES web site : http ://toulouse.euroavia.org Cost : 50 Euros Printed by : SUPAERO - Escourbiac (cover) This book was compiled using LATEX 2ε. All the papers were corrected with the kind help of all the authors. They shall be thanked here for that. 250 copies of these proceedings were printed in 2002. 50 of them were distributed to the lecturers, sponsors and main actors of the symposium. 2
- 3. Euroavia Toulouse Introduction 3 PREFACE For more than 100 years, Man has been successfully challenging birds. From Otto Lilienthal first glides in Germany, we followed the path of the eagles, always higher and faster, eventually landing on the Sea of Tranquility. Though, the path of the pelican still remains unheard of to the common knowledge. This big sea bird uses a phenomenon called the ground effect to rest during his long migrations. In the fifties, two engineers proposed separately a new type of boat. Rostislav Evguenievich Alekseev was obsessed by speed over sea and wanted to overcome the cavitation phenomenon that appeared on one of his inventions : the hydrofoil, while Alexander Lippisch, father of the delta wing, was asked to create a new type of very fast boat in the United States. These new crafts were what is now commonly called wing in ground effect machines. Their creativity lead to very different crafts, covering a wide range of application from the huge marine military transports or weapon carriers to small inspection or transport fast boats. Since the fall of the Soviet Union, the two sides have started to work to make of this concept a commercial reality, offering an alternative to the fast but very expensive air transport and the cheap but very slow sea transport. The EuroAvia Ground Effect Symposium was aimed to gather some of the most active actors of the ground effect field together for students, to introduce to them the new challenges for what is expected to be one of the new transport of our beginning century. Among all the expert present should noticed the presence of Dmitrii Nickolaievitch Synitsin and Alexander Isakovitch Maskalik, followers of R. E. Alekseev, Hanno Fischer who worked with Alexander Lippisch in the seventies on the X-113 and X-114 and Gunther J¨org, inventor of another type of characteristic ground effect craft : the tandem configuration. Time was given to long explanations and discussions during the symposium, and these procee- dings shall be considered as an introductive manual for any interested student or scientist, from the core of the ground effect world. A lot of movies were also presented during the symposium and they will progressively be avai- lable on the WIG Page and on EAGES web site. We hope these proceedings will fulfill all your expectations and give you a glimpse of the won- derful spirit of the symposium ! Bonne lecture ! St´ephan Aubin
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- 5. Euroavia Toulouse Introduction 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank first, in the name of Euroavia Toulouse, all the people and companies that got involved in the organisation and the financing of this symposium. Thanks also to all the lecturers who offered to all the participants a wonderful week of science and exchange. As Graham Taylor said, EAGES was a social event. Namely, I shall thank Edwin van Opstal for supporting us from the start, Hanno Fischer for his wonderful energy, Dmitrii N. Synitsin, Alexander I. Maskalik and their colleague Vladimir V. Tomilin for all their know how and their incredible (students) jokes, Kirill V. Rozhdestvensky for his kindness, Ingrid Schellhaas and her father Gunther J¨org for their patience, Graham Taylor for not getting crazy at the airport, for loving Cassoulet and for all the pictures, Jan Monchaux for all the things you did and Yves Goupil and Georges Gazuit for their attitude and youth. The list would not be complete if forgetting Matthieu Scherrer and Jean Ga¨el Duboc who hel- ped a lot during the realization of these proceedings, as well as all the people who corrected this book, especially -again- Edwin van Opstal. Last but definitely not least, I send my deep acknowledgements to our three chairmen : Allan Bonnet for always being here, Gr´egoire Casalis for all his little advises and Bernard Masure who helped us to start everything. The Editor, St´ephan Aubin ORGANIZING BOARD St´ephan Aubin Euroavia Toulouse Vice-President 2000-2001 St´ephane Burke Yann Chauvat Jean Ga¨el Duboc Euroavia Toulouse Treasurer 2000-2001 Robin Moret Euroavia Toulouse President 2000-2001 CHAIRMEN Allan Bonnet Aerodynamics Dept., SUPAERO Gr´egoire Casalis Applied Mathematics Dept., SUPAERO Bernard Masure Orl´eans University All the pictures of the lectures appearing in this book are courtesy of Graham Taylor. They can be found on his web site, see appendix 1.
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- 7. Euroavia Toulouse Introduction 7 EAGES SPONSORS
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- 9. Euroavia Toulouse Introduction 9 EAGES PARTICIPANTS 1. Mario Mihalina 2. Sasa Mavrovic 3. Richard Rydberg 4. Helen Mc Gregor 5. Alexander I. Maskalik 6. Renato Serodio 7. Dmitrii N. Synitsin 8. Mats Larsson 9. Kirill V. Rozhdestvensky 10. Bo Svensson 11. Marcus Palmkvist 12. Rickard Andersson 13. Allan Bonnet 14. Hanno Fischer 15. Edwin van Opstal 16. Gunther J¨org 17. Graham Taylor 18. St´ephan Aubin 19. Bernard Masure 20. Ingrid Schellhaas 21. Robert Mc Gregor Missing St´ephane Burke (1), Gr´egoire Casalis, Yann Chauvat (2), Cornelius Dima (3), Jean Ga¨el Du- boc (4), Michael Klaus (5), Benjamin Le Roux, Jean Margail (6), Jan Monchaux (7), Robin Moret (8), Aji Purwanto, Carlos Ribeiro (9), Vladimir V. To- milin (10), Harry Trevisani (11), Matthieu Scherrer, Laurent Boireau And all the first year students from Jean Luc Boiffier flight dynamics course on Tuesday 12th afternoon. . .
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- 11. Euroavia Toulouse Introduction 11 CONTENTS Introduction to WIG Technology Edwin van Opstal, SE Technology 13 The Hoverwing Technology - Bridge Between WIG and ACV Hanno Fischer, Fischer-Flugmechanik 45 Peculiarities of the Longitudinal Disturbed Motion of a WIG Craft Dmitrii N. Synitsin, Technologies and Transport 71 Basics of Aerodynamics in Extreme Ground Effect Kirill V. Rozhdestvensky, Saint Petersburg State Marine Technical University 87 The Main Research Problems Solved in Designing Russian Ekranoplans and which are Necessary to be Solved for Wide Practical Realization of Ekranoplans Alexander I. Maskalik, Technologies and Transport 111 Tandem Airfoil Flareboats as Efficient WIG Crafts Gunther J¨org, BOTEC GmbH 129 A Practical Guide to Building Ekranoplan (WIG) Models Graham Taylor, Independent Consultant 145 Lifting Line in Extreme Ground Effect Kirill V. Rozhdestvensky, Saint Petersburg State Marine Technical University 163 A Discussion with Hanno Fischer Hanno Fischer, Fischer-Flugmechanik 183 Flight Testing in Ground Effect Hanno Fischer, Fischer-Flugmechanik 195 Easy Ways to Study Ground Effect Jan Monchaux & St´ephan Aubin, SUPAERO 213 Hydrofret Concept Georges Gazuit & Yves Goupil, Hydrofret 233 Appendix 1 : WIG related websites 247 Appendix 2 : List of WIG Books 249 Appendix 3 : What is Euroavia ? 253 Appendix 4 : Welcome in SUPAERO 257
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