point source and non poinr source in water pollution
Download as PPTX, PDF1 like1,249 views
This document discusses point source and non-point source water pollution. Point source pollution originates from discrete, confined sources like pipes or ditches. It includes wastewater from municipal treatment plants and industrial discharges. Non-point pollution has diffuse, intermittent sources and is influenced by land use and climate. It includes runoff carrying oils, fertilizers and pesticides from urban and agricultural areas. The document outlines methods to control pollution through infiltration, detention, retention, constructed wetlands, filtration and biofilters. It also discusses regulations aimed at point sources and voluntary efforts to address non-point sources.
point source and non poinr source in water pollution
- 1. POINT SOURCE AND NON POINT SOURCE OF WATER POLLUTION BY: THOMAS CHINNAPPAN . A , M.SC.APPLIED GEOLOGY, PERIYAR UNIVERSITY, SALEM.
- 2. POINT SOURCE • Point sources are discrete and confined, such as pipes that empty into streams or rivers from indus trial or municipal sites. In general, point-source pollutants from industries are controlled through on-site treatment or disposal and are regulated by permit. Municipal point sources are also regulated by permit. • Point-source pollutants in surface water and groundwater are usually found in a plume that has the highest concentrations of the pollutant nearest the source (such as the end of a pipe or an underground injection system) and diminishing concentrations farther away from the source.
- 3. • Point source pollution is contamination that enters the environment through any clear, specific location, like smokestack, pipe, ditch, tunnel, or conduits. Point source pollution remains a major cause of pollution to water. Point sources of water pollution include municipal sewage treatment plant discharges and discharges from industrial plant.
- 5. • Commercial and industrial businesses use hazardous materials in manufacturing or maintenance, and then discharge various wastes from their operations. The raw materials and wastes may include pollutants such as solvents, petroleum products (such as oil and gasoline), or heavy metals . • Point sources of pollution from agriculture may include animal feeding operations, animal waste treatment lagoons, or storage, handling, mixing, and cleaning areas for pesticides, fertilizers, and petroleum. Municipal point sources might include wastewater treatment plants, landfills, utility stations, motor pools, and fleet maintenance facilities.
- 6. POINT SOURCE POLLUTANTS IN GROUND WATER • Some of the most persistent point-source pollutants in groundwater are volatile organic compounds , which include manufactured and refined toxic substances such as solvents, oils, paint, and fuel products.
- 7. POINT SOURCE POLLUTANTS IN SURFACE WATER • High-temperature discharges • Microorganisms • Nutrients (such as nitrogen and phosphorus).
- 8. NON POINT SOURCE • Nonpoint sources are diffuse and intermittent; they are influenced by such factors as land use, climate, hydrology, topography, native vegetation, and geology. Common urban nonpoint sources include runoff from streets or fields. Rural sources of non point pollution are generally associated with agriculture, forestry, or mining. • Nonpoint-source pollution occurs as water moves across the land or through the ground and picks up natural and human- made pollutants, which can then be deposited in lakes, rivers, wetlands, coastal waters, and even groundwater. The water that carries nonpoint-source pollution may originate from natural processes such as rainfall or snowmelt, or from human activities.
- 10. • Nonpoint sources of pollution in urban areas may include parking lots, streets, and roads where stormwater picks up oils, grease, metals, dirt, salts, and other toxic materials. In areas where crops are grown or in areas with landscaping (including grassy areas of residential lawns and city parks), irrigation, and rainfall can carry soil, pesticides, fertilizers, herbicides, and insecticides to surface water and groundwater.
- 11. CONTROLAND PREVENTION • Infiltration systems: Infiltration systems reduce the total amount of surface runoff and the amount of sediment transport by increasing the amount of precipitation infiltrated into the soil. • Detention system: It reduce pollutant transport by retarding the rate of runoff and by encouraging the settling of suspended solids.
- 12. • Retention system: Retention systems are wet ponds that are sized to hold a typical (6 months) storm events. The ponds may be lined or unlined. The unlined ponds increase. Infiltration and can help with ground water recharge. However, unlined ponds are not appropriatel the surface runoff contains pollutants that could contaminate drinking water aquifer or in area where a high water table would result in ground water flowing into ponds.
- 13. • Constructed Wetlands: Constructed wetlands are similar to retention system and wet ponds in that they have permanent standing water, but have the added advantage that they incorporate biotic functions like nutrients uptake and microbial degradation of pollutants. • Filtration System: Filtration systems use sand, soil, organic matter, carbon or other materials to filter out pollutants. Filter systems can be incorporated into existing storm drainage structures by adding underground vaults.
- 14. • Biofilter: Biofilter and other vegetated system such as grassy swales and filter strips can be used to treat shallow flow or sheet flow by increasing infiltration and reducing sediment transport. Large bioretention system add biological treatment such as nutrient uptake and microbial degradation of pollutants.
- 15. • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the states to regulate point sources of pollution through issuing of permits that limit the types and amounts of pollutants a facility can discharge. In addition, there are many laws and regulations that mandate the ways that hazardous materials are handled, stored, and used. Those same laws and regulations often encourage voluntary pollution-prevention efforts to reduce and minimize the use of potential pollutants.
- 16. • Preventing and controlling nonpointsource pollution is primarily accomplished through regulation under the Clean Water Act and voluntary watershed protection efforts. Best management practices and pollution prevention can be applied at the local, state, and federal level to reduce and prevent nonpoint-source pollution. Some activities are federal and state responsibilities, such as ensuring that public lands are properly managed to reduce soil erosion, or developing legislation to govern chemical use.