Concepts and principles of curriculum

Dr S ARULSAMY 19-05-2020
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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
MANONMANIAM SUNDARANAR UNIVERSITY
Trinelveli, Tamil Nadu
Webinar Series 2
Curriculum Studies

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Patron
Prof. K. Pitchumani, M.Sc., Ph.D., D.Sc.,
Hon’able Vice – Chancellor
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University
Tirunelveli
TamilNadu
Organising Committee

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Prof. B.William Dharma Raja
Dean, Faculty of Arts
Head, Department of Education
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University
Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu
Organising Secretary

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Committee Members
Dr A. Veliappan
Mr S. Lenin
Dr S. R. Sundaravalli
Committee Co-members
Dr V. Sasikala
Ms B. Viji
Programme Host
Ms. J. Rawoofu Nisha
Research Scholar

Dr. S. ARULSAMY
Associate Professor in Education
Department of Education
Bharathiar University
Coimbatore- 641 048
E-mail: Arulsamy@buc.edu.in

CURRICULUM - MEANING
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19-05-2020Dr S ARULSAMY

What is a Curriculum?
 Derived from Latin word
“Currere” meaning is to
“Run”
 It is a runway (one runs
to reach the goal) or a “race
course” referring to the
course of deeds and
experiences through which
children grow and mature in
becoming adults for
success in adult society .
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 It is totality of all the learning to
which students are exposed during
their study in the school/College.
 It is content, programme of
planned activities, intended
learning outcomes, cultural
preservation, experience, agenda
for social reconstruction.
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Everything that goes on within
the college/org including extra-
class activities, guidance, and
interpersonal relationships
Everything that is planned by
college/org personnel
A series of experiences
undergone by learners in
college/org
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Curriculum, Course of Study
and Syllabus
 Curriculum includes totality of
experiences the pupil receives
that go on in the
school/college.
Course of study indicates only
the subjects, which are to be
taught according to the
curriculum.
Curriculum
Course of
Study
Syllabus
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Curriculum, Course of Study
and Syllabus
 Syllabus indicates the details of a Subject included
in a course of studies. The syllabus determines the
basic content of instructions in a given subject and
the range of knowledge and skills which the pupils
must acquire.
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Curriculum and Instruction
 Curriculum constitutes a broad range of student
experiences in the school setting, whereas
instruction focuses on the delivery of those
experiences.
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More specifically, instruction may be perceived as
the planned interaction between instructors and
students that (hopefully) results in desirable
learning. Some educators feel that any curriculum
includes instruction; others contend that sound
instruction includes a sound curriculum.
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Need for Curriculum
Development
“If the teacher is the guide, the curriculum is the
path. A good curriculum marks the points of
significance so that the student does not wander
aimlessly over the terrain, dependent solely on
chance to discover the landmarks of human
achievement”. - William J. Bennet
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Concept of Curriculum
There are various views regarding the meaning and
concepts of curriculum. Some of the important views
are
• The course offered within a certain field, for
example, ‘the science curriculum’, ‘the history
curriculum’.
• All the subjects and class activities given to
students.
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Concept of Curriculum
• All the courses offered in the school
• The total range of in-class and out of class
experiences organized by schools.
• The total life experiences of the learners.
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Traditional Concept of
Curriculum
• The teacher would focus his attention on making
students to learn the items in subjects and courses
of study according to fixed syllabi, in a rigid pattern
to enable them to pass a set of examination.
• The children were made to line in the future as
foreseen by the teachers and parents.
• To make children and youth learn the adult way of
living and doing, their present and urging needs
were not properly cared for.
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New Concept of Curriculum
• Education should cater to the needs of the
individuals to the various stages of their
development so that they can grow as normal
individuals.
• Education is an only means designed to aid the
younger ones in the schools to live in the present
world and adopt themselves to it according to their
age and ability.
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• Curriculum does not mean only the academic
subjects traditionally taught in schools, but
includes the sum total of experiences that a pupil
receives through many fold activities that exist in
the schools, in the classroom, library, laboratory,
workshop, playground and in the numerous
informal contacts between teachers and pupils.
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• In this sense, the whole life of the school becomes
the curriculum which can touch the life of the
students at points and help in the evolution of a
balanced personality.
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• Therefore, textbooks and subjects are not fixed
rigidly. The students learn much more from the
environment, provisions are made for the varying
abilities and interests of pupils. Apart from the
development of intellect and personality, the
curriculum should also provide for social life and
cultural enrichment. The child has to be brought
up as a social being.
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Definition of Curriculum
• Robert Zais (1976) observes that definitions of
curriculum are relativistic and situational.
‘Relativism’ gives license to anyone to create a
personal definition. This has produced abundance
of definitions ranging from narrow and specific.
The following is a list of quoted definitions.
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“Curriculum is a tool in the hands of the artist (the
teacher), to mould his material (the pupil), according
to his ideal (aims and objectives), in his studio (the
school)” -- Cunningham
“Curriculum includes all the learner’s experiences in
or outside that are included in a program which has
been devised to help him develop physically,
emotionally, socially, spiritually and morally.”
-- Mudaliar commission
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“[The curriculum is] all the learning experiences
planned and directed by the school to attain its
educational goals”. --Ralph Tyler
“Curriculum is a plan for learning” -- Taba
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Characteristics of Curriculum
• Totality of activities
• A means to an end
• Total school environment
• Totality of experience
• Mirror of curricular and co-curricular trends.
• Mirror of educational trends.
• Development of balanced personality
• Process of living
• Dynamic
• Mirror of philosophy of life.
• Achievement of goals.
Curriculum = Syllabus + co-curricular activities+
various parts of educational environment
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Curriculum: Process or Product
Process: Curriculum is composite of entire range of
experiences the learner undergoes of school or
college. It is a systematic arrangement of the sum
total of selected experiences planned by a school or
college or defined group of student to attain the aims
of particular educational program. Thus curriculum as
process
Product: Curriculum as an attempt to achieve certain
ends in students. Thus curriculum as product.
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Principles of Curriculum
After having studied the various defects and
drawbacks found in the curriculum, Mudaliar
Commission and other educationists have laid down
the following principles.
 Principle of Child Centeredness
 Principle of Community Centeredness
 Principle of experience
 Principle of integration
 Principle of Creativity
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Principles of Curriculum
 Principle of elasticity and variety
 Principle of diversification
 Principle of Common subjects
 Principle of earning of livelihood
 Principle of Utilization of leisure
So, the curriculum should be well balanced, properly
graded, fairly broad based and approximately
designed for meeting the needs of the society and
the individual.
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Essential Elements of
Curriculum Planning
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http://www.ele.metu.edu.tr/ele224
START
Framework of Curriculum
Goals-Process Establish commissions
Needs
Assessment
Content Objectives
Instructional Strategies
Unit Plans Textbooks and
instructional
materialsField test
In-service training
Curriculum implementation
In-service training
EvaluationRepeat
Corrections
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Concepts and principles of curriculum

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