Synthesis revision
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This document provides examples and guidelines for synthesizing information through transforming sentences between different structures, including: 1. Direct to indirect speech 2. Using connectors like neither/nor and unless 3. Changing between active and passive voice 4. Altering word classes 5. Employing relative pronouns like who, which, that, whose, where, and whom. It also provides practice identifying referents in sentences and evaluating answers.
Synthesis revision
- 1. Synthesis & Comprehension revision 2 May 2014
- 2. Steps to be taken for synthesis and transformation. Remember that there are 5 main question types 1. Direct to indirect 2. Connectors 3. Special connectors 4. Active to Passive voice 5. Change of word classes Apply the learning points accordingly
- 3. Some examples Direct to indirect speech “I will be going to the cinema tomorrow,” said David. David said that _____________________________. David said that he would be going to the cinema the following day. Special connectors Dave does not like swimming. Sue does not like swimming too. Neither _________ nor______________________. Neither Dave nor Sue likes swimming. Connectors You will fail the test. You did not work hard. Unless_______________________________________________. Unless you work hard, you will fail the test.
- 4. Some examples Active to passive voice The pupils swept the floor. The floor __________________________________. The floor was swept by the pupils. **Someone swept the floor. The floor was swept. Change of word class Peter was courageous and saved the child from the house which was on fire. Due to ____________________________________. Due to his courage, Peter saved the child from the house which was on fire.
- 5. Do you know your relative pronouns? • Who • Which • That • Whose • Where • whom Remember that the above stands for certain words. It should replace those words and should not be repeated. For example: The lady is a doctor. She lives next door. ______________ who ______________________________. The lady who lives next door is a doctor. I still remember the restaurant. I met the famous actress there. ____________________ where ___________________________. I still remember the restaurant where I met the famous actress.
- 6. Kai Xiang was walking along a concrete path when he saw an earthworm on the ground. Feeling sympathy, he picked it up and placed it onto a grassy patch. Write the word that states the material the ground was made up of. The word is “concrete”. What do you think of the following answers? What is wrong? Concrete The word is “concrete path”.
- 7. The rain turned brown. It was no longer pure water from the clouds. Dust and smoke had dissolved into it. The rest is a sad story. Write the sentence that suggests animal life could have been destroyed by the polluted rainwater. The sentence is “The rest is a sad story.” What do you think of the following answers? What is wrong? The sentence is “The rest is a sad story.”. The sentence is “The rest is a sad story”.
- 8. The cotton clouds were as still as in a painting. A gentle wind blew at them. With time, they turned grey and the land was not as bright as before. The rain seeped through the ceiling. Huiyi, a 10-year old girl, placed a pail directly below it. What does the word “they” refer to? It refers to the cotton clouds. What do you think of the following answers? What is wrong? The cotton clouds. It refer to the cotton clouds.
- 9. The cotton clouds were as still as in a painting. A gentle wind blew at them. With time, they turned grey and the land was not as bright as before. The rain seeped through the ceiling. Huiyi, a 10-year old girl, placed a pail directly below it. What does the word “it” refer to? It refers to the hole in the ceiling. What do you think of the following answers? What is wrong? Hole. It refer to the hole in the ceiling.