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The document describes the production of biobutanol through fermentation and downstream processing. Key points: - Biobutanol is produced through a fermentation process in a large reactor vessel. The document sizes the reactor to hold 50,000L based on standard length to diameter ratios. - The fermented biobutanol is then stored in a holding tank before further processing. The document designs a holding tank 55,555L in volume and 34m in diameter and 68m in length to store the biobutanol. - The document also includes mechanical design details for the fermenter, holding tank, heat exchanger and distillation column used in downstream processing of the biobutanol
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- 1. PRODUCTION OF BIOBUTANOL Guided by: Presented by: Dr. N.N Dutta Abhishek Singh(091401) Dhyananand Yadaw(091409)
- 2. Distillation Column Design A=0.753, B=5.4*10^-4, E=0.246, 32˚C, 1atm A=0.299, B=0.602, E=0.098, 76.1˚C, 8atm B=0.99, A=1.5*10^-4, E=6.1*10^-4, 105˚C, 1atm
- 7. • Mav = 66.49 kg/kmol • F = 273.18 kg/hr or 4.108 kmol/hr • D = 108.40 kg/hr or 1.985 kmol/hr • B = 164.56 kg/hr or 2.220 kmol/hr • Now, molar flow rate of vapor and liquid in top section: - • L = R*D = 4.36 1.985 = 8.654 kmol/hr • V = (R+1)*D = 5.36 1.98 = 10.639 kmol/hr • Now, molar flow rate of vapor and liquid in bottom section: - • L’ = L + F*q = 8.654 + 4.108 1 = 12.762 kmol/hr • V’ = F*(q-1)+V = 4.108(1-1)+V = 10.639 kmol/hr
- 8. Calculation of tower diameter: -
- 13. Heat Exchanger Design Design: - Shell and Tube type heat exchanger Design pressure: - By additional of 5% to the maximum working pressure. Design temperature: - 10˚C higher than the maximum temperature. ABE, 10atm 5˚C, 402 kg/hr Water, 1atm Water, 1atm 102˚C, 10.3 kg/hr 90˚C, 10.3 kg/hr ABE, 10atm 39˚C, 402 kg/hr
- 16. • No. of tube passage Np = 4 • For triangular arrangement: - Db (tube bundle diameter) • Db= do(Nt/k1)1/h1 • K1 and h1 are constant • Pt/do = 1.25, for this arrangement • K1=0.175, h1=2.285 • Db =373.31mm • Di = Db+C = 390mm • C= 10-20mm for U-tube heat exchanger
- 18. Calculation for shell side pressure drop: -
- 19. Mechanical Design: - Shell • Material: Carbon Steel • Corrosion allowance: 3mm • Number of shell: 1 • Number of passage: 4 • Fluid: ABE mixture • Working pressure: 0.33 N/mm2 • Design pressure: 0.5 N/mm2 • Temperature inlet: 5 ˚C • Temperature outlet: 39 ˚C • Segmental baffles (25% cut) with tie rods and spacers.
- 20. Head • Crown Radius: 400mm • Knuckle Radius: 40mm • Shell flange: female facing • Gasket: Flat metal jacketed asbestos filled • Bolts: 5% Cr Mo steel Nozzles • Inlet and Outlet: 75mm • Vent: 25mm • Drain: 25mm • Opening for relief valve: 50mm • Permissible stress for CS: 95 N/mm2 • Permissible stress for bolt material: 140.6 N/mm2
- 21. Tube Side: - • Tube and tube sheet material: Stainless Steel • Working pressure: 19 N/mm2 • Design pressure: 21.5 N/mm2 • Inlet temperature: 102 ˚C • Outlet temperature: 90 ˚C • Permissible stress: 100.6 N/mm2 • Pitch of tube: 25mm Channel and Channel cover: - • Material: Carbon Steel • Permissible stress: 95 N/mm2
- 22. Shell side: - (Triangular pitch of tubes)
- 25. Tube Side: -
- 26. Fermenter Reactor:- • Assume:- • L/D=6 • Volume of the reactor = • Volume of one Reactor= 50000 L • So, Dia. Of Reactor(d)= 22m.
- 27. Holding Tank:- Process Design • Usually we must design the storage tank which has volume more than the reactor. • Volume of vessel = 55,555L • Assume, • Ratio of • So, • Dia. (d)=34m. • Length(L)=68m.
- 28. Mechanical Design • Operating condition :- • Pressure = 1atm, Temp.=33˚C, L = 68m., d = 34m. Sp. gravity of liquid = 1 • Fixed conical roof • Slope permissible = 1 in 5 • Superimposed load = 1250 • Material = CS (structural) IS-2062 • Permissible stress = 142 • Density = 1000 • Modulus of elasticity =
- 29. Continued… • This design is based on the Indian std. design IS-803. • Corrosion allowance (c) = 0.7mm • Shell design Internal pressure • p = 0.677 • Thickness of the shell at bottom: • t = 96mm.
- 30. Continued… • Butt joints are provided for welding the vertical joints between plates to form the lowest layer of the shell. An allowance of 2mm. is made between two adjacent plate to facilitate welding and total circumference is welded with 16 plates.so • Length of the each plate = 6.67m. • Size of the plate selected from IS-1730 is 6700mm. (length)*2000mm(width). • To determine the number of the layers to be used with 16mm thick plate it is necessary to determine the height of up to which a plate of lesser thickness on be used. • Assuming thickness of 75 mm. so
- 31. Continued… • Bottom diameter ( Db )= • Db= 34.192m • Circumference of bottom = 3.14*Db = 107.36m
- 32. THANK YOU