Slides for RFID-MIMO Prototype based on GnuRadio
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This document discusses the development of an RFID-MIMO prototype using GNU Radio. The goal is to set up a testbed using USRP devices to implement MIMO for UHF RFID systems and compare performance to single antenna solutions. It describes implementing a single antenna listener first, then adding selection combining as a diversity combining technique with two antennas. Results show selection combining improves read range and listener success ratio over a single antenna. The document concludes by proposing implementing maximal ratio combining next to further improve performance.
Slides for RFID-MIMO Prototype based on GnuRadio
- 1. RFID-MIMO Prototype based on GnuRadio Amelia Jiménez Sánchez .
- 2. RFID-MIMO Prototype based on GnuRadio Amelia Jiménez Sánchez 2
- 3. Needs Answers Asset management Logistics Retail The Entertainment Internet of Things RFID-MIMO Prototype based on GnuRadio Amelia Jiménez Sánchez 3 Healthcare … … Pictures taken fromhttps://www.flickr.com/ Pictures fromtheir websites
- 4. RFID-MIMO Prototype based on GnuRadio • Theoretical Fundamentals • Goal • SWOT • Implementation • Results • Conclusions
- 5. Theoretical Fundamentals EPC Gen 2 Standard Pictures taken from the mentioned Standard RFID-MIMO Prototype based on GnuRadio Amelia Jiménez Sánchez 5
- 6. Theoretical Fundamentals EPC Query Process Reader Tag QUERY RN16 ACK PC EPC CRC-16 QREP 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. PR PT FS PT FS PR: Preamble of Reader PT: Preamble of Tag FS: Frame-Sync RN16: 16-Bit Random Number Diversity combining techniques: Selection Combining (SC) Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) 푠퐶 = 푁푟 푖=1 ∗/휎푖 푠푅푋,푖 − 푆푎,푖 ℎ푖 Equal Gain Combining (EGC) RFID-MIMO Prototype based on GnuRadio Amelia Jiménez Sánchez 9 2
- 7. Goal This thesis discusses the possibility of setting up a prototyping MIMO RFID testbed based on USRP devices and GNU radio implementation for UHF RFID systems. The performance improvements will be compared to existing commercial and USRP single antenna solutions. RFID-MIMO Prototype based on GnuRadio Amelia Jiménez Sánchez 10
- 8. Weaknesses Strengths • My lack of experience • Limited: time, access to the laboratory • Start-up • My interest in the topic • Erasmus scolarship • Guidance of my tutor • Selection of GnuRadio • MIMO prototype • Speed on technological advances • Competitiveness • Cut in research • Legislation behind technology • Control, surveillance • GnuRadio: free & open-source • The Comprehensive GNU Radio Archive Network, Internet • High demand frombusiness and institutions. • Several fields of application Threats Opportunities RFID-MIMO Prototype based on GnuRadio Amelia Jiménez Sánchez 11
- 9. Implementation Set up the laptop: Ubuntu, UHD, GnuRadio Gen2 RFID Listener fromCGRAN USRP to_mag MF A Reader CR Tag sink to_mag: complex-to-magnitude MF: Matched Filter A: Amplifier Reader: Reader-Monitor-cmd-gate CR: Clock Recovery Tag: Tag-Monitor Two phases: 1. Working with a single antenna 2. Implement a Diversity CombiningTechnique (DCT) RFID-MIMO Prototype based on GnuRadio Amelia Jiménez Sánchez 12
- 10. Implementation (1) Setting important parameters: BLF, DR, Miller (M), RTcal, TRcal Command DR M TRext Sel Session Target Q CRC # of bits 4 1 2 1 2 2 1 4 5 description 1000 0: DR=8 1: DR=64/3 00: M=1 01: M=2 10: M=4 11: M=8 0: No pilot tone 1: Use pilot tone 00: All 01: All 10: ~SL 11:SL 00: S0 01: S1 10: S2 11: S3 0: A 1: B 0-15 CRC-5 푅푇푐푎푙 = 0푙푒푛푔푡ℎ + 1푙푒푛푔푡ℎ = 40 + 80 = 120 1.1 푅푇푐푎푙 ≤ 푇푅푐푎푙 ≤ 3 푅푇푐푎푙 132 ≤ 푇푅푐푎푙 ≤ 360 퐵퐿퐹 = 퐷푅 푇푅푐푎푙 = 320 푘퐻푧 RFID-MIMO Prototype based on GnuRadio Amelia Jiménez Sánchez 13
- 11. Implementation (1) tag_log.out empty RN16? -> d_rn16 1 1. Picture taken from Google 2 2. Picture taken from EPC-RFID INFO RFID-MIMO Prototype based on GnuRadio Amelia Jiménez Sánchez 14
- 12. Implementation (2) USRP to_mag Selection Combining MF A Reader CR Tag sink USRP to_mag SC Rx Rx2 푠퐶 to_mag MF A Maximal Ratio Combining Reader CR Tag sink MRC to_mag MF A Reader CR Tag sink Rx Rx2 USRP USRP Reader -> tag Preamble found 푠퐶 RFID-MIMO Prototype based on GnuRadio Amelia Jiménez Sánchez 15
- 13. Results RFID-MIMO Prototype based on GnuRadio Amelia Jiménez Sánchez 16
- 14. Results: Performance achieved for the RFID Listener 100 80 60 40 20 0 Rx2 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 % Distance (cm) 100 80 60 40 20 0 SC 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 % Distance (cm) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Listener-Success Ratio Rx RFID-MIMO Prototype based on GnuRadio Amelia Jiménez Sánchez 17 L - SR CRC Error Ratio CRC Miss Ratio 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 % Distance (cm) Rx Rx2 SC 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 % Distance (cm)
- 15. Conclusions Idea ▪ Slow hunch: incubation ▪ Space: laboratory ▪ Environment Achievements: ▪ Adapt the project fromCGRAN ▪ Design and create a new block using a tool of GnuRadio ▪ Implement a DCT: SC Propose a possible implementation for MRC Keep working on this project Pictures taken fromhttps://www.flickr.com/ RFID-MIMO Prototype based on GnuRadio Amelia Jiménez Sánchez 18
- 16. I appreciate you listening Thank you and feel free to ask RFID-MIMO Prototype based on GnuRadio Amelia Jiménez Sánchez 19
Editor's Notes
- #10: Selecting the antenna with the strongest signal, this is known as selection combining (SC). In maximum ratio combining (MRC), the branch signals are weighted and combined so as to yield in the highest instantaneous SNR possible with any linear combining technique. Nr: total number of receive antennas. Sigma_i: noise power at antenna i. h_i: channel coefficient -> corresponds to the two-way reader-to-tag-to-reader channel. MRC requires the knowledge of the channel coefficients and the noise power, channel estimation is required. In equal gain combining (EGC) all of the weights have the same magnitude but an opposite phase to that of the signal in the respective branch. However, MRC or EGC diversity techniques require important modification in commercial readers.
- #16: Absorb state -> T1: period of time between a reader command and the tag response Reflect state -> during the period of the first bit of the preamble of the tag response If all receive branches are decoupled from the transmitter by separated antennas, equal noise power can be expected, and thus it can be omitted.