CORE-Materials

ukoer lecture european aluminium association aluminum talat corematerials metallurgy training eaa training in aluminium application technologies technology aluminium design product forming machining static joint member fastening mechanical joining sheet forging casting surface treatment properties axial force mechanical properties bending moment fatigue production book analysis electron microscopy extrusion arc welding classification adhesive bonding impact extrusion superplastic forming safety fire resistance microstructure deformation heat treatment shear force local incision physical properties corrosion geometry quality assurance application component wrought alloys strength deep drawing stiffness surface preparation galvanic corrosion torsion materials structural design fatigue strength tensile strength solidification markets longitudinal welds clinching evaluation etching drawing choice of alloy cleaning electropolishing quality control elevated temperatures composites creep destructive testing environment topological structure pretreatment flow stress plating fabrication life cycle analysis material flow reliability die forging lubrication semi-finished products advanced materials testing code checking friction alloying elements crossing welds welded joints between members built-up beams test methods stretch forming equipment joints cold forging drainage driving rain calculations adhesive joint strength cathodic protection adhesive strength welding hot rolling chemical polishing work hardening folding flow curves electroless plating quality requirements stresses selection criteria surface roughness damage tolerant design organic coating members with welded attachments transverse weld toe effects of climate ventilation material characteristics processing chain mig welding tig welding high strength alloys economy shielding gases residual stresses atomic structure crystal structure crevice corrosion life cycle grinding load combinations precipitation impurities tem clinch joint corrosion protection blind rivet brazing machinability structure stress corrosion welded joints cores shape processing cast alloys data analysis serviceability limit state ageing rolling construction university of liverpool corrosion prevention weldability characteristic x-rays anodising slip resistance ideal cumulative damage theory middle-cycle fatigue range cyclic loading manson-coffin law linear p-s-n curves lack of fusion national application document aldaba life prediction procedure sequence effects calculation methods open cross section part insulation techniques beams env 1999-1-2 uninsulated aluminium structures concentrated force non-linear stress distribution figures tables crack growth laws palmgren-miner linear damage accumulation hypothes susceptibility rain-flow cycle counting method lack of penetration predictive theories tension members non-linear p-s-n curves weld imperfections fatigue cracks spot welds web stiffener free surface correction f&ltsubs&ltsub j-r curves crack opening displacement crack size welded connections blind rivets brittle fracture adhesive bonded connections tension welded coverplate crack shape correction f&ltsube&ltsub lap joints test method bs 5762 linear-elastic fracture mechanics steel codes fatigue assessment factor f r tubular element british standard 8118 1991 welded on edge eraas spatter solid state welding safety index fatigue loading failure modes design line strain-life approach env 1999-2 thread forming screws partial safety factors aluminium data bank cartridge fired pin connections hole bearing data management tilting data bank 5086 welds residual stress peening design tools rail cars finite plate dimension correction f&ltsubw&ltsub j&ltsubic&ltsub static design static loads thermal calculations tool wear carbide-tipped tools diamond control gripping tools machines aluminium chips drills spindle construction milling tools surface clamping tools chip removal low pressure sand casting method load condition ultimate limit state stress spectrum structural detail s-n curve parameters fitness-for-purpose concept inspection loading spectrum environmental effects acceptance levels service conditions life check mean stress effect enhancement of fatigue strength damage equivalent stress fatigue damage fire loads squeeze casting process lost crucible process purge degassing melt quality gas content hydrogen pollution pollutants inclusion content pouring basin tapered sprue sprue well design assessment nomogram for running system sprue height casting defects runner bar filling system oxide formation sand casting cast metal production cosworth process investment casting pressure die casting process lps sand castings cast component die casting moulds oxide pollution reduced pressure test oxide inclusions flux degassing low inclusions rotary degassing cosworht casting process gates theory experiment design load hoistable deck structural principle choice of material fatigue test optimization node-to-member joint test nodes dynamic testing d&ltsubs&ltsub number of cycles active fire protection smoke gases fire technology fire resistance tests residual stress effects protected aluminium structures insulated aluminium structures connections columns unprotected aluminium structures temperature analysis prefabricated fire rated walls insulated freestanding column uninsulated column insulated column inside a wall fire rated penetrations insulated beam heat radiation shield uninsulated floor beam fire rated doors bridge deck spread of fire i-beam finite element calculations loads per unit length design moment deflections loads effects section forces shear forces concentrated loads loads load combination deck extrusion support structure permanent loads live loads girder connection displacement fire protection building regulations fire gases passive fire protection high temperatures ceramic fibres spray-on cement based materials risk analysis calcium silicate boards rockwool gypsum boards insulation materials microtherm intumescent materials loaded in bending computer analysis thermally insulated post consolidation high modulus powder hot consolidation mechanical alloying powder fabrication sintering plastic properties automotive continuous fibre composites thermal properties liquid state in-situ production communication manufacturing techniques sports and leisure market process al-li based alloys alloy selection particulate metal matrix composites rapid solidification processing aerospace alloys particulate processing hot isostatic processing plate 6000 series alloys rapid solidification precompaction caracterisation cold compaction spray forming pm 7 xxx alloys interfaces electrical conductivity specific heat compression resistivity bearing materials cost optimisation semi-systematic methods discriminating materials selection systematic methods materials selection pre-selection property values weight savings calibration material science solid state discontinuously reinforced composites spray methods aerospace wear resistance particulate composites density electronic thermal conductivity temper designations solid solution hardening thermal expansion aluminium - zinc - magnesium - copper alloys industry aluminium - silicon alloys recycled aluminium electron channelling sem polishing ion milling polarised light hrem ternary phase diagrams binary phase diagrams pseudo-binary diagrams model binary systems supersaturated solid solution precipitate-free zones coherency guinier-preston zones coarsening solute clusters exploitation transportation semi-fabricating electrical engineering packaging primary aluminium grain growth alloy crystals and atomic bonding recrystallisation phase transformations plastic deformation crystal defects dislocations hvem foundry alloys ostwald ripening poultice corrosion kinetic reactivity electrochemical circuit exfoliation creep rate pure metals creep strength creep response composite dispersion-strengthened creep curve creep rupture time to rupture diffusion creep-resistant solid solutions age hardening gp zones homogeneous nucleation ageing sequence depletion heterogeneous nucleation secondary aluminium tensile testing hardness testing mechanical working flat rolling intergranular corrosion electrolytic corrosion fretting corrosion pitting corrosion chemical conversion coatings four digit alloy designation system temper designation structural applications non-heat treatable alloys heat treatable alloys solution treatment casting alloys sandwich element construction filler materials solidification cracks explosion welded connections pre-heating load carrying structure limit states method of allowable stresses buildings automobile brake system pmmc pollution life cycle assessment life cycle logistics processing route product cost civil engineering industry criteria for selecting lightweight load criteria marine industry transport industry maintenance availability pure aluminium strength properties welded profiles effective thickness squash load slenderness parameter effective cross section splices closely stiffened webs breathing local buckling h-section rectangular section heat affected zones cross section classes geometrical imperfections plate girder webs closed sections serviceability economic considerations normal loads design value of the load verification hydraulic structures load and resistance design factor method characteristic loads long-term loads bridges low temperatures extruded profiles working temperature linear thermal expansion fatigue behaviour differential aeration corrosion mathematical model stainless steel magnesium plastic conclusion sand-casting pressure die-casting gravity die-casting corrosion-proofing compressed air tank cold rolling circular blanks product control tube connectors production technique overheating isothermal age hardening isothermal reversion thermal cycles modeling natural ageing isothermal precipitation extruded product impact-extruded product atoms in solution shaping processes innovation functional analysis specification light fixture extrusion tools extruding cross member intersection production volume beverage cans pressure cabin high pressure gas cylinders product integrity methodology impact assessment lca wheel design energy consumption material consumption environmental performance particle reinforced aluminium brake rotor calliper specifications transitional details condensation wind stresses snow loads profiles for windows corner connections fittings draughts variations in temperature loss of heat air sealing glass wind damage insulation accessories in-service failure surface improvement surface characteristics applications pourbaix diagram polarization curve reactivity electrochemical principles cathodic polarization equilibrium conditions aqueous solutions anodic polarization biological corrosion erosion mechanically assisted degradation anorganic surface treatments environmentally influenced corrosion filiform corrosion environmentally induced cracking stress corrosion cracking joining part thickness calculation loading adhesive joints working adhesives applying adhesives adhesive layer surface layers pressure application hardening temperature surface pretreatment hardening time control of adhesive joint control of adhesive control of joining parts pretreatment test procedures control of joining parts surface protection deliberate alloying mechanical finishes electrolytic methods chemical conversion coating ion-exchange plating electroplating chemical cleaning solvent cleaning etch cleaning solutions acid etching alzak process alkaline etching chemical etching emulsion cleaning matt etching brytal process phosphoric acid process vapour degreasing mechanical pretreatment conversion coatingbath scc hydrogen embrittlement inhibitors environment alteration impressed current deposition corrosion equipment design sacrificial anodes stress corrosion resistant tempers corrosion inhibitors prevention corrosion resistant alloys alclad alloys non-galvanic methods organic finishes pickling platable metals chemical methods laser gas-jet cutting laser beam cutting alznmgcu deep welding process rate of vaporisation laser cutting diagram electron beam weldability solid-state laser laser welding plasma cutting al-cr-ni-steel joint material combinations feasibility explosive welding friction welding joint forms hardness curves aluminium-steel joints ultrasonic welding heat-affected zone productivity non-destructive testing testing methods ndt x-ray catalogue en 287-2 health and safety airing welding personnel qualification welding process qualification formation of ozone en 287 en 288 short-term effects of ozone beam welding electron beam welding butt joints 7050 alloy duromeres bond forces hydrogen bonds epoxy resin adhesive physically bonding adhesives deposition of macromolecules on surfaces chemically reacting adhesives stress-strain curve temperature stability load distribution bond types stress humidity geometric parameters strength of joint parts elastic-plastic adhesive layer overlapping alloy 6060 - t6 autocatalytic plating friction welding parameters macrostructure peltier effect contact resistance welding parameters aeronautical standards spot welding weld spot diameter x-ray analysis current-force diagram engineering parts vacuum brazing fluxes pre-braze cleaning brazeable alloys assembly tests furnace brazing controlled atmosphere brazingbrazing filler metals ray diagrams resolution magnification optical systems confocal microscopy stm atom probe scanned probe microscopies field ion microscopy spm sims apfim afm stem fim depth of field microscope column sem imaging methods diffraction lenses image formation defects in crystals kinematical and dynamical conditions specimen preparation bragg law kikuchi pattern spot patterns convergent beam diffraction structure factor ewald sphere d spacing reciprocal lattice plasmons electron gun magnetic lens auger electrons scattering phonons end notch flexure cnf interlaminar shear strength ilss characterisation double cantilever beam enf scb centre notch flexure single cantilever beam mechanical testing manufacturing blank cans manufacture mandrel tube rod wire electron energy loss spectrometry sporting perfomance smart materials sport university of birmingham rtm molding vacuum bagging weave roving resin transfer moulding filament winding pultrusion fibre wet lay-up hand lay-up compression moulding failure lacquers methods of application powder coatings painting primer finishing paints decorative plating characteristics cvd plating pvd plating electrolytic plating electroless nickel phosphorus on aluminium anodic films tension levelling degreasing drying re-coiling process control entry accumulator bonding beechnuts coatings conversion coatings chromium-free conversion coatings building applications barrier type electrolytes film thickness self colouring operational sequences ewaa - euras quality label sealing dimensional effects anodizing anodic coating structure porous type electrolytes changes in current electrolyte temperature electrophoretic coatings paints alcohols granta design cambridge engineering selector 2009 fuels ketones halogens aqueous environments x-ray spectrometry microprobe analysis thin film analysis correction methods eels image processing secondary electrons backscattered electrons interaction volume imaging methods contrast dcb exit section uncoiling coatings strip joining coil coating lines rinsing stoving ovens al-mg-si-cu durability thermal environments alkalis water oils aldehydes acids selection solvents built environments gases precision forging high precision forging forging dies die inserts parting of forging dies hollow spaces closed die forging without flash grain structure dimensional precision tolerances flow stresses lubricants raw materials tool life force-distance curve non-stationary material flow quasi-stationary material flow finishing impacts manufacturing tolerance average flow stress yield criteria for plane stress heat development maximum shear stress fiber structure defects die temperature non-uniform flow forging temperature forming rate strain hardening particle hardening separating fabricating changing cross-sections changing direction open-die forging isothermal forging damaging surface properties cyril-bath process tangential stretch forming multiaxial stretch forming blankholder force deep drawing machines force-displacement curve blankholder fluid cell hydromechanical deep drawing working range direct re-drawing fluid cell press wheel-house limiting draw ratio reverse re-drawing stress zones nitrogen pressure springs drawing depths types of forms work-piece forms impact tools press sleeves punches preparing specimens strain-hardening exponent n engelhardt drawability stress-strain curves cup drawing test according to swift blank diameter to thickness ratio forming limit diagram car body sheet alloys fld erichsen cupping test sheet metal surface microtopography car body parts concept of continuous fluidity map of fluidity surface tension short freezing range alloys long freezing range alloys zeroth rule heat transfer requirement junction requirement feed path requirement shrinkage feeding mechanisms liquid feeding pressure gradient requirement mass feeding solid feeding feeding rules burst feeding volume requirement valve cover stress contour solidification time assessment critical velocity das solid front growth equilibrium solidification strontium effect sodium effect antimony effect grain refinement alumonium-silicon hypereutectic transition in growth morphology non-equilibrium analysis solute rejection model dendrite arm spacing section thickness fluidity feeding solidification rates leaking castings vertical casting direction properzi caster horizontal casting direction thin roll caster hazelett caster continuous casting twin drum casters hunter engineering caster alusuisse ii caster recrystallization water-cooled casting wheel rigamonti caster logarithmic strain in upsetting law of volume constancy room temperature forming temperature induction of forces tool surface pressure requirement interdendritic feeding gas porosity cold cracks air entrapment sources of porosity shrinkage porosity macroporosity microporosity gas precipitation layer porosity hot tears controlling factors corrosion resistance accuracy impregnation leakage datum planes elementary joints impact strength statistical process control force-motion studies characteristic deformation diagram controlling process cross-section process analysis mechanical fastening process limiting values direct process control joint geometry fem-modelling self-piercing riveted joint input mask technological data base component design single-step clinching process 3-d loading joining element fastening technologies self-piercing riveting half-hollow rivet direct self-piercing riveting solid rivet edges material surface multiple-point joints riveted joint impact testing steel shear-tensile testing quasi-statically loaded adhesive-clinch joint combination adhesives technical operations adhesive joining combined joints preheating filler metals solidification range 6013 t6 alloy joint vicinity al-si alloys butt welds tig welds misalignment of edges gas absorption porosity external irregularities hydrogen content internal irregularities pore forming zone formation of pores 5mn cost almg4 shear loading quasi-staticloading diagram watercooled manual tig welding filter condenser penetration pulsed current plasma arc welding arc stabilities positive polarity plasma arc welding torch keyhole plasma arc welding manual mig welding weld cracking sensitivity houldcroft test al-mg alloys solidification intervals final folding fold geometries pre-straining failure mechanism pre-folding pre-bending punches yield stress drawn parts food cans internal laquering food can stock sheet decoration two-piece can shallow-drawn cans bodymaker press beverage can stock food and can handling processing strain rate exponent m superplasticity equation pressure testing hydraulic press equipment adjustable spindle sleeves multi-point drawing arrangement tool materials spindle sleeve forces hemispherical punch a single action hydraulic press force - displacement curves draw beads four-point die cushion press table bending springback bending line geometries springback angle bending forces counter pressure tearing overlaps in folded joints thin sheets fastening elements indirect riveting car door aggregate carrier rivet forms die without movable parts flat clinch element holding systems single-step clinching die with movable parts tools multi-step clinching spot welded joints formed parts stripping systems two-step clinching indirect self-piercing riveting melting gliding of dislocations permutation model grain boundary gliding exchange mechanism female die superplastic forming male dies choice criteria commercially available forming conditions diffusion bonding hollow bodies db spf straight-edged sheets screw joints technological characteristics riveting thin-walled components flow-drilling screws