6 Introduction To Drought
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Drought is defined as a continuous period of dry weather that can vary in length between countries. It can be caused by seasonal changes in weather patterns like the Hadley cell and Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone, leading to wet and dry seasons in some regions. Long term droughts over multiple years can have disastrous consequences, affecting both human and natural systems. The consequences of drought include food shortages and the need for food aid when rains fail. Various groups like nomadic pastoralists have adapted to seasonal droughts, while long term management strategies are needed to address extended drought crises.
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6 Introduction To Drought
- 2. Drought What is drought? What are the causes and consequences of drought? How do humans respond to the drought crises?
- 3. Drought Definitions Drought is a continuous period of dry weather. Definitions of drought vary between countries; in the British Isles definitions can be very precise – 15 consecutive days each with less that 0.25mm of rainfall. In Africa drought is defined as a period where evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation and soil moisture is depleted. Distinctions can be made between short term dry seasons (to which human and natural systems can adapt) and long-term droughts that can affect areas for several years with disastrous consequences.
- 4. Seasonal Drought The Hadley cell dominates precipitation patterns within the tropics leading to seasonal drought (wet and dry seasons) in the savannah regions as the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) migrates north and south.
- 5. Nomads of the Savanna Turkana, an indigenous people who migrate with the seasonal rains. They are nomadic pastoralists.
- 6. Vegetation of the Savanna Boabab tree. Thick truck store water for use during the long dry season. The fire proof bark also provides protection during this time.
- 7. Long Term Drought Example, the Horn of Africa. Ethiopia 1974, 1984 (which triggered the infamous Live Aid concert) Huge areas covering the Horn in early 2006 (11 million people left needing food aid after the rains fail once again) Why does it happen?
- 8. What are the consequences of drought
- 9. How can drought be managed?