There are different types of galaxies including spiral galaxies like the Milky Way, elliptical galaxies, and irregular galaxies. Spiral galaxies contain gas, dust, and new stars circling a central bulge, while elliptical galaxies are highly flattened and contain millions to trillions of stars. The Milky Way is estimated to contain between 200 billion and 400 billion stars within a diameter of 100,000 light years, classifying it as a spiral galaxy. Elliptical galaxies have ellipsoidal shapes and contain around 10 trillion solar masses of stars.