A Project On Comparative Analysis Of Cost Overrun And Time Delay In Road Construction

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2806
A Project On Comparative Analysis Of Cost Overrun And Time Delay
In Road Construction
Bhavesh Bhaskar Londhe1 Sanket Haribhau Deshmukh2 Apurva Rajendra Mahadik3
Prasad Dilip Desai4, Yash. S. Shet5
1,2,3,4Student 5Assistant Professor
1,2,3,4,5Department of Civil Engineering
1,2,3,4,5G.M.Vedak Institute of Technology, Tala, Raigad, India
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Abstract - — Now a days delay and cost overrun are the
major problems of any construction project in India. These
issues are causing the negative impact aftermath on the
development of country prosperity and economicgrowth. This
study aims to identify the most important factors that cause
delay in road construction project in wakan - khopoli road,
which results in cost and time overrun allocated for these
types of engineering project and causes critical problems for
both the developer and the contractor. Present study work
comparing cost overrun and time delay between twohighway
construction work which is, WAKAN – KHOPOLI road and
INDAPUR - AGARDANDA road to finding out causesandfactor
for overrun. In the first stage, a questionnaire was developed
and survey was carried out expert who were working with
contractor in highway project.
Key Words: Time Delay, Cost Overrun, Construction,
Project, Data collection.
1.INTRODUCTION
A cost overrun is also known as a cost increase or budget
overrun, involves unexcepted incurred cost.Theobjectiveof
this qualitative project was to explore strategies that use to
reduce cost overruns andscheduledelay.Thecostoverrunis
one of the critical problems in now a day so requires a lot of
research and exploration to overcome or reduce the delay
and less variation in budget for the future projects.
Macroeconomic factor that affects the cost of the
construction project aremostseverally. Timeoverruncan be
defined as the time required to complete the project work
beyond the contract time. In highwayconstruction,thedelay
in construction is one of the major problems that brought
the department of highway concern. This caused the
essential of research on construction delay in this study.
(1) Examine the extent of cost overrun and schedule
delays in infrastructure projects.
(2) Investigate the risk factors leading to both challenges.
(3) Provide comprehensive critical recommended actions
and practical implications to curb the problems imposed by
potential cost overrun and schedule delays in construction
projects.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 General
When there is growth or increase in cost or increase in the
budget for a construction project, it is saidthatthereisa cost
overrun and vice versa is referred to as cost underrun.
However, cost overrun must not be misinterpreted as cost
escalation which is an increase in the budgetduetoinflation.
Cost overrun / underrun can be assessed in different forms
looking at the base value it is evaluated from. It can be
assessed by finding the difference between the preliminary
construction estimate and the actual constructioncost.It can
also be assessed by finding the deviation of the actual
construction cost from the contract award value. It is a
general view that cost overrun is more experienced in
construction projects compared to cost underrun. This has
been attributed mostly to underestimation which was
presented at the decision-making phase of construction
projects and has thus affected proper budgeting for
construction projects. It has also been attributed to
decisionmakers not considering the future value of a project
during project viability examination.
3.METHODOLOGY
3.1 General
3.1.1 Preliminary data In the survey of site selectionforroad
construction project for cost overrun and time delay and
data collected is as follows. The site location wakan to
khopoli SH-92 is about 41 Km is length the sanctioned
amount is 376 crores with complete duration of 30 month
from 2016. The road is WBM from wakan to khopoli and
above from Pali. It is concrete till khopoli road is having
several drainage culvert and bridges and two major bridges
from wakan to Pali the width of road differs from Pali to
khopoli road due to aggregate land and forest area the wide
of road is not possible as it is wide ahead from Pali. The
construction of road was taken by total tree company from

BBC, Varaha infra limited. These company failedtocomplete
the work of road in given time.
3.1.2 To find the causes of cost overrun and time delay:
The main causes of cost overrun of road project is
miscommunication between MSRDC authority and the
contractor working on project due to which the running of
cost is continuous which leads to timedelayalsoinimproper
implementation of design head towards the cost overrun in
project. As the lead for material is more the time required
also more which means time delay for further work many of
time the labour consumption is less from contractor which
also gradually take time to complete the day schedule task
due to insufficient funding from governmentauthorityto the
payment which automatically lowerdownthespeedofwork
out the point labour deny to work.
3.1.3 Analysis and interpretation collecteddata: Byselecting
various site of road construction, the data collected is in
graphical form which helps to understand the total time
required and cost overrun in various project. Thall data
collected interpretate that managed by fixing the problems
at the moment when it occurs. The execution of work isto be
seen by the authorize person in every format as like
designing, financial status, accommodation of baren land,
agricultural field and forest area where the road
construction is to be held. The lead for material can be
managed by finding out nearest material contractor deals
with minimum rate for road construction material as
aggregate muroom soil, steel, sand, cement and other
material required during project. This efficient person
should bargain with high profile tools and machinery
company for road construction which make construction
easier.
3.1.4 Strategies to reduce cost overrun: Implementation of
work is to be done in given time schedule. The arrangement
tools material consumption and work done to be record. the
book by engineers of the responsible person. The activity
going on should be safe. The wastage of material should not
take place are the material management should as per
required on site. Proper estimate can neglect the cost
overrun while construction of road. The payment of labour
should be done monthly or weekly as per decided by
contractor. Monthly or weekly maintenance to reduce the
cost.
3.2 Cost Overrun:
A cost overrun, also knownasa costincreaseorbudget
overrun, involve unexpected incurred cost. OR, is the
phenomenon in which the clienthastospendmoremoneyof
the completion of project than the originally estimated i.e.,
the project goes over the budget.
When these costs are in excessof budgetamountdue to
a value engineering underestimation of the actual cost
during budgeting, they are known by thisterm.Costoverrun
are common in infrastructure, building and technology
project. Many major construction projects have incurred
cost overrun; cost estimate used to decide whether
important transportation infrastructure should be built can
misled grossly and systematically. Cost overrun is
distinguished from cost escalation, which is an anticipated
growth in a budgeted cost due to factor such as inflation.
Cost Overrun in Construction Projects.Inthecontextof
construction projects, cost overruns can be expressedasthe
excess of actual projectcompletioncostovercontractbudget
amount. Cost overrun is computed by the initial estimated
cost, and total completion cost incurred decommissioningof
the project. The difference between estimated and
completion cost is termed as the magnitude of the cost
overrun. In relation to this, cost overrun can be obtained by
the positive difference between the completion cost of a
construction project during commissioningand thecontract
amount agreed by the major parties during the contract
signing and commencement of projects. The difference
between agreed contract sum and final project cost can be
expressed as,
The ideal CR is 1.0, so, any value above this can be
considered as a cost overrun.
% Cost Overrun =
This calculation can be converted to a percentage for ease of
comparison.
It is important to denote that delivering a construction
project within the planned contractbudgetisoneofthe main
success criteria in construction projects.
3.2.1 Risk Factors Leading to Cost Overrun:
Several factors affect the extent of cost overrun and
schedule delays in the constructionsector.Theserisk factors
could be classified as factors related to consultant,
contractor, design parameters, and information, factors
related to market conditions (external factors), and factors
related to project characteristic.
3.3 Time Delay:
Time overrun is the phenomenon in which the project
gets delayed beyond its expected completion time due to
certain difficulties. More timeisrequiredtofinishtheproject
than initially planned.

Times delay refers to the late completion or late
delivery, from the time specified or agreed by parties of the
construction project. The main causes of the schedule
overrun are financial problems late ongoing work, change
order, organizational changes, etc.
Preliminary data collection
To find out causes of cost overrun
Analysis and interpretation of collected data
Strategies to reduce cost overrun and time delay
Results and discussion
4. DATA COLLECTION
The various factor to be consider for the selection of data
like a fuel price, cement price, steel price, labour price there
is factor to be considered for the data collection and to the
actual price to be calculated in percentage of that market
price and various years that material market price as
follows.
[A] 4.1Fuel price hike:
In 2017 fuel price were 62 Rs / lit and currently
in 2022 fuel price were 94 Rs / lit. After that as growing
price of fuel indirectly it affected the cost of road.
Chart. 4.1 Fuel price hike
4.2] Cement price hike:
Looking from 2017 asprojectstartedfluctuation
in cement prices are visible. Duetoraw material required for
cement production comes from different places so the
transportation charges hike the raw material cost which
affect the price project overall cost.
Chart. 4.2 Cement price hike
4.3] Material price hike:
Material coming to RMC plant from quarry the
lead for the material is more. Whereas the material required
for base of road like Aggregate no.2, Aggregate no.3,
Aggregate no.4 and crushed sand for concrete purpose was
to lead from quarry so due to fuel rates and commercial
electricity rate increased automatically it differs the change
in rate.
Chart.4.3 Material price hike
4.4] Steel price hike:
Chart.4.4 Steel price hike

Consecutively increase in rate of steel purchasingitgothard.
Sudden shoot in price dislocated the cost margin which
radically affected the work upon. Calculating the back years
rate, it financially created a gap to manage over the cost of it.
Neglecting the steel is not possible but to find negotiable
value for it is the way.
4.5] Labour price hike:
Workers are not negligible factors for cost
overrun. As their rates gets high more the cost of project.
Living accessories puts their rate high even a unskilled
labour i.e. men coolie work on 500 Rs per day which motion
the increase in cost.
Chart.4.5 Labour price hikes
4.5.1] Calculations for labour Expenditure increase during
project
Total prize – 376crore
Total delay – 205 days
If we take Rs. 700 labour rate for 205 days
Total numbers of labour – 600 on site
700 x 600 = 420000
Delay time x labour cost
= 205 x 420000
= 86100000 Rs.
Percentage of increase for 205 days
= 86100000 + 500000 (Equipment charges)
= 86600000 Rs.
= 86600000 / 3760000000 x 100
= 2.30 %
Chart.4.5.1 Labour price overrun
B] Questionnaire Survey:
Chart. [B] 4.1Respondent proportion and response
received
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
 The factor responsible for cost overrun in road
construction project were held by taking initiative for
every mode of work.
 By studying the existing case study of the road
concludes that the road project is getting delay in time
and escalation for cost due to mis management. The
study evaluates the total timerequiredforcompletionof
project which results automatically increasing cost.
 After reviewing the data collected from site come to
know that the process of road construction is different
from other construction which leads to time delay and
cost overrun. Analysing the process and managementof
the road construction by the indigenous contractors
held during the project.

Chart.5Comparison Of total Days
6. CONCLUSIONS
- Land acquisition made delay in road constructionwork.
- Due to Pandemic situation construction stopped for 8
months which held the reason for delay. Working
method & change in routine after pandemic results the
slower the progress of road. Working during pandemic
caused transportation mode disablefor workers&ifany
then it charged higher than before.
- Material cost, Fuel charges & labourratesgothikewhich
unexpectedly increased in execution cost of road.
Unavailability of fuels due to hikes in ratescauseddelay.
- Consecutively switch in contractor delayed work of
road, Mismanagement & no pre-scheduling of
contractors is responsible for failure in completion in
sanction period of time. Discussionmakingprocesstook
too much time for further works.
REFERENCES
[1] Jose Matos “Analysis of Cost Overrun and ScheduleDelay
of Infrastructure Projects in Low Income Economies: Case
Study in Ethiopia” 2021.
[2] Douglas Aghimien, “Comparativeanalysisofcostoverrun
on road construction project executed by indigenous and
expatriate contractors.” 2020.
[3] A.R.Vishweshwar, S. Janani, M.C.Akilarasu, “Study and
analysis of time and cost overrun in construction sector.”
2020.
[4] Zaynab belel ahmad, “Peculiarities of road project cost
overrun.” 2018.
[5] Pranav K. Lende, Aaradhana D. Rathod, “Study of factor
affecting cost overrun in road construction project.” 2018.
[6] Sunil Kage, Mahendra mane, Arjun Chougule, Abhishek
kadam, Rushikesh Majale, “Time delay and cost overrun in
construction industry of India.” 2018.
[7] Poonam Raykar, Ghadge A.N. “Analyzing the Critical
Factors Influencing the Time Overrun and Cost Overrun in
Construction Project.” 2016.
[8] Nabil hazim, Zaydoun abusalem, “Delay andcostoverrun
in road consruction project in Jordan.” 2015.
[9] Ibrahim Mahamid, Amund Bruland,“Costoverruncauses
in road construction project Consultant Project 2011.

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