Analysis of Road Network using Remote Sensing and GIS Data Nainital District (Uttarakhand)

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1608
ANALYSIS OF ROAD NETWORK USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS DATA
NAINITAL DISTRICT (UTTARAKHAND)
Satish Kumar1, Dr. Anup Kumar2, and Dr.R.S.Hooda3
1Satish Kumar ( HARSAC)
2Dr. Anup Kumar Senior Scientist ( HARSAC) Department of Science & Technology, Haryana CCS HAU Campus,
Hisar-125004
----------------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract: Google earth image of Nainital city has been
used for this study. Digitization was carried by using Shape
file generated for different analysis. ArcGIS based Network
Analysis provide multiple solution. The network analysis tool
was used to measure the efficiency of services in terms of
time and distance. It also help in analyzing the gap existing
in the facility, and defining service areas based on travel
time and distance covered. The present study tries to
analyze the potential use of network analysis Nainital of the
Kumaon region. district of Nainital lies in the Kumaun
division. Different stretches of roads in Nainital are
maintained by NNPP and PWD. The traffic flow in the town
causes congestion as there is limited road space
available.Most of the internal roads are single lane with a
few exceptions. Pedestrian movement in the town is affected
because of the absence of footpaths.
Keywords: Efficiency, GIS, Network Analysis, Services.
1. INTRODUCTION:
A network is a system of liner feature that has the
appropriate attribute for the flow of objects. A network is a
system of interconnected elements, such as lines
connecting points. Examples of networks include highways
connecting to cities, streets interconnected to each other at
street intersections, and sewer and A GIS function called
network analysis was used to calculate the time necessary
for emergency vehicles to travel from the fire stations to
different areas of the city. One major application of
network analysis is found in transportation planning,
where the issue might be to find paths corresponding to
certain criteria like finding the shortest or least cost path
between two or more locations, or to find all locations
within a given travel cost from a specified origin.
Traditionally, a GIS, represents the real world in either one
of two spatial models, vector-based, i.e. points, lines and
polygons, or raster-based, i.e. cells of a continuous grid
surface. This study will investigate the subject of network
analysis in both raster and vector GIS, in order to compare
the two spatial models. Network analysis is useful for
organization that manages or uses networked facilities,
such as utility, transmission, and transport systems.
Municipal public works department use network to model,
analyze bus and trash routes, whereas businesses use
them to plan and optimize the delivery of goods and
services. Network analysis can also be applied to retail
store planning. For instance, solving of the driving times
can aid in the determination of retail store trade areas.
Network instance, solving of the driving times can aid in
the determination of retail store planning. For instance,
solving of the driving times can aid in the determination of
retail store trade areas.
Therefore network provides the movement of
people and goods, the delivery of services the flow of
services as well as communication of information. Three
Principal types of network analysis are network tracing,
network routing and network Allocation
2. NETWORK TRACING:
Network tracing determines a particular path through the
network. This Path is based on Criteria provided by the
user.
2.1 NETWORK ROUTING:
Network routing determines the optimal path along a
linear network. The selection of the Path can be based on
numerous criteria such as “shortest distance,” “fastest
route,” “no left turns” and minimum cost.” The path can
pass between two points or through several selected
Points.

2.2 NETWORK ALLOCATION:
As well as one of the most important processes in the
Planning and investment activities is Network allocation.
GIS has been commonly used in different fields such as
tourism activities enabling people from different countries
and cultures to interact with each other. Tourism is a way
of conserving the environment, creating jobs and
promoting tourism. Both geographic Information system
(GIS) and network Analysis are burgeoning fields,
characterized by rapid Methodological and scientific
advancement.
3. Location Study Area
In the Uttaranchal, district of Nainital lies in the Kumaun
division. To its north is Almora district and to its south lies
theNainital district. Champawat district flanks it in the east
and district of Pauri Gahwal is in the west. It is located
approximately in between 80º14’ and 78 º 80’ east
longitudes and 29º00’ and 29º05’ north latitude. On the
northern side lies the Himalayan ranges while on the
southern side lies the plains making the resultant climate
of the district enjoyable one. The total geographical area is
3422 Kms. Geographically the district is
Figure-1: Location Map Nainital District
divided in to 2 zones viz. Hilly and Bhabar.The hilly region
in outer Himalayas is known to geologist as Krol. The
highest peak of the district is Baudhansthali 2623 mts.
high near Binayak adjoining Nainital town.The hilly region
of the district .The hilly region of the district used to have
big & small lakes. Bhimtal, Sattal, Naukuchiatal, Khurpatal,
Nainital, Malwatal, Harishtal, Lokhamtal etc. are known
lakes of bigger size.The foothill area of the district is
known as Bhabhar. The name Bhabhar is derived from a
tall growing grass growing in the region. The underground
water level is very deep in this region.Kosi is the main
river of the district .River Kosi arising out of Koshimool
near Kausani flows on the western side of the district.
There are number of smaller rivulets like Gaula , Bhakra ,
Dabka , Baur etc . Most of these have been dammed for
irrigation purposes. Nainital district has good received
good rainfall in recent years . As per 1999 records total
average rainfall of district was 1338.08 MM while total
average rainfall up to Aug. 2000 was 1602.69 MM.
Different stretches of roads in Nainital are maintained by
NNPP and PWD. The traffic flow in the town causes
congestion as there is limited road space available. Traffic
restrictions are imposed to manage traffic. There are no
intermediate modes of public transport in the town. Taxis
are available for inter-city trips and rickshaws are
available for journeys between specific points (p. 56). Most
of the internal roads are single lane with a few exceptions.
Pedestrian movement in the town is affected because of
the absence of footpaths. Key issues related to roads and
transport are presented on p. 56 Nainital, owing to its
location, is colder than the rest of the hilly tract of Kumaon
region. During monsoon, it gets heavy rainfall. The
neighboring areas of Almoraand Ranikhet are warmer
than Nainital. The monthly maximum and minimum
Temperatures in the town range between 28 degree C and
7 degree C.The rainy season begins earlier than in the
plains and continues up to the end ofSeptember. The hea
he1999records, total average rainfall of district was 1338
mm. During winter, rains create a considerable fall in
temperature.
4. NETWORK ANALYSIS:
Network analysis in a GIS may be dependent on the utilities
under concern, as each utility service would have
customized requirement as discussed above. However,
fundamental to these entire requirements would be the
following analysis.
4.1 PATH DETERMINATION:
Path finding is the process of calculating an optimal path
through series of points in a network and simulating the
flow of resources through them. Path finding function could
be the categorized into two major groups, the applications
of which are different.

CREATION OF
NETWORK
DATASET
ANALYSIS
CONCLUSION
ADDITION OF DIFFERENT FIELDS
NEEDED FOR NETWORK ATTRIBUTES
FINDING THE
shortest PATH
USING
NETWORK
ANALYSISTT
OOLBAR
DATA COLLECTION
DIGITIZATION
4.2 SOURCE – DESTINATION PATH:
An optimal path is from a pre-defined source to a pre-
defined destination. In the case, the path of
least resistance is determined from the source to the
destination by evaluating the link.
4.2 OPTIMAL CYCLIC PATH:
Mainly as an implementation of the set-covering problem,
an example of which could be the Traveling salesman’s
Problem. In this case, the problem is to determine the
optimal path after visiting all or a specified set of links in
the networks. In this case, the optimal path is determined
from a matrix of resistance for each pair of links in the
network. The matrix is evaluated to determine the order of
visiting links in the network and to define the actual path.
4.2.1 Route analysis layer:
This layer contains the input network locations (stops and
barriers), properties, and the resultant
route or routes of a route analysis.
4.2.2 Closest facility analysis layer:
This layer contains the input network locations (facilities,
incidents, and barriers), properties, and
the resultant route or routes of a closest facility analysis.
4.2.3 Service area analysis layer:
This layer contains the input facilities and barriers,
properties, and the resultant of service area
Polygons and service area lines
4.2.4 OD cost matrix analysis layer:

This layer contains the input origins and destinations,
properties, and resultant of an OD cost matrix analysis.
4.2.5 Vehicle routing problem analysis layer:
This layer contains the input network analysis
objects (orders, depots, routes, depot visits, breaks, route
zones, route seed points, route renewals, specialties, order
pairs and barriers), properties, and the results of a vehicle
routing problem analysis.
5. PREPARING NETWORK FOR ROUTING
APPLICATIONS:
One of the most powerful analysis capabilities in ArcGIS is
the finding shortest path or routing, command of the
network module. It is not always an elementary task,
however, to use the module for deriving or updating paths
that are real – world solutions to various Routing
problems.
6. RESULT AND DISCUSION:
Network analysis is used for identifying the most efficient
routes or paths for allocation of services. This involves
finding the shortest or least-cost manner in which to visit a
location or a set of locations in a network. ArcGIS Network
Analyst allows you to solve common network problems,
such as finding the best route across a city, finding the
closest emergency vehicle or facility, identifying a service
area around a location, or servicing a set of orders with a
fleet of vehicles.
ArcGIS Network Analyst allows you to solve
common network problems, such as finding the best route
across a city, finding the closest emergency vehicle or
facility, identifying a service area around a location, or
servicing a set of orders with a fleet of vehicles. The reason
for finding the shortest path between two places is to
connect by the best route which can be in terms of length
or time. It is the best way to get from one location to
another or the best way to visit several locations. It
determines the order of location specified by the user. It
can be Quickest, fastest or most scenic route depending
upon impedance because it can be depend upon
Impedance (cost attribute) chosen by the us
Fig-3: Nainital Road Network Map
Figure-2: NETWORK ANALYSIST TOOLBAR

7. CONCLUSION:
This paper introduced the ArcGIS transportation data
model for Nainital City Through the well-established
vector data structure, GIS has provided an efficient means
for organizing basic networks.. The ArcGIS Transportation
Data Model is designed to help in the development of
transportation Applications. It does so by providing a
context within which a transportation system can be
described, and assisting in the development of a geo
databases. The ArcGIS Transportation Data Model takes
advantage of the flexibility of Object Orientation to define
entities and the relationships among those entities. The
present work was carried on with the motive of finding the
shortest route. The road network of the study area is very
poorly planned, they are quite narrow to allow big vehicles
to move motley, most of the roads are suitable for
pedestrians only.
Network analysis for Tourism Destinations with a remote
sensing and GIS perspective has been analyzed for the
study area.
The main findings of the study are:
(1) If length is chosen as impedance, shortest path by
length found, but if takes more time as time
impedance creates quickest route.
(2)Shortest path in terms of length is best for tourist route.
(3)Obtaining the visual and detailed information about the
tourist places and network analysis application for
optimum planning for sightseeing enhances the potential
of tourism.
(4)GIS application for tourism and network analysis help
users to supply optimum planning for tourism. Moreover,
users can save time via GIS usage. transportation related
data in order to facilitate the input, analysis, and display of
transport
Figure-5:Closet Caciliry Map
Figure-5:Best Route Map Nanital

8. RECOMMENDATIONS:
Tourism investigates the user of GIS for tourism research
in storing, manipulating and analyzing the voluminous
tourism data and survey carried out. Using high-resolution
satellite data for the study give more impressive results.
Future studies can explore the opportunities in.
REFERENCES:
[1] Scott, N., Copper, C., & Baggio, R (2008). Annals of
tourism research. Destination Network: Theory and
practice in four Australian cases.
[2] Transport Network Analysis of Kasaragod Taluk,
Kerala Using GIS. (Ullman, 1954).
[3] Spear, B. D and Lakshmanan, T. r. (1988) the role of GIS
in transportation planning and analysis Geographical
System.
[4] Kang-tsung chang2008, Introduction to g eographic
information systems, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing
Company Limited NEW DELHI, Fourth [1]
Edition.(Chapter-18,Path analysis& Network application)
pg. no.377, 383, 387 to 394.)
[5] Nyerges, T. L (1990) Location referencing and highway
segmentation in a geographical information system ITC
Journal, 60(3). 27-31,

Analysis of Road Network using Remote Sensing and GIS Data Nainital District (Uttarakhand)

More Related Content

Similar to Analysis of Road Network using Remote Sensing and GIS Data Nainital District (Uttarakhand) (20)

More from IRJET Journal (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

Analysis of Road Network using Remote Sensing and GIS Data Nainital District (Uttarakhand)