EDEEC-Enhanced Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering Protocol for Heterogeneous Wireless sensor Network(WSN)

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 08 | Aug -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1107
EDEEC-Enhanced Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering Protocol
for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)
Priya1 ,Rashmi2
1Student,2Asst.Professor
1,2 Dept. of CSE, SPGITM , Sonipat(131001),India
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Abstract: Wirless sensor networks(WSN) consists of
widespread random deployment of energy constrained
sensor nodes. Sensor nodes have different ability to sense
and send sensed data to Base Station(BS) or Sink. Sensing as
well as transmitting data towards sink requires large
amount of energy. In WSNs, conserve energy & prolonging
the lifetime of network are great challenges. Many routing
protocols have been proposed in order to achieve energy
efficiency in heterogeneous environment . This paper
focuses on clustering based routing technique: Enhanced
Distributed Energy Efficiency Clustering scheme(EDEEC).
EDEEC mainly consists of three types of nodes in extending
the lifetime & stability of network. Hence, It increases the
heterogeneity and energy level of the network. Simulation
results show that EDEEC performs better than DEEC &
DDEEC.
Keywords: Clustering, Cluster-Head(CH),WSN-Wireless
sensor Network, Energy Efficiency, DEEC- Distributed
Energy Efficient Clustering, DDEEC-Developed
Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering, EDEEC-
Enhanced Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering.
1. INTRODUCTION
WSN is the network which consists of hundreds of tiny and
compact sensor nodes that senses thephysical environment.
WSN have a wide variety of application including military,
temperature, humidity, pressure, lighting condition[1] etc.
Sensor nodes in WSNs are power constrained because of
limited battery resources. Every sensor nodeconsistsensing
unit, processing unit, a transceiver unit and a power unit[2].
Routing protocols plays an important role in conserving
energy in WSNs. Clustering technique[3] are used to
minimize the energy consumption and hence increases the
lifetime of network. Clustering technique can be
implemented in two types of networks, homogeneous &
heterogeneous networks. Homogeneousnetworksarethose
in which nodes are equipped with same initial energy while
heterogeneous networks are those where initial energy
differ.
Low Energy adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH)[4] isan
example of heterogeneous WSNs, however, LEACH
performance is poor in heterogeneous networks because in
this algorithm the low energy nodes die more rapidly as
compare to high energy nodes. Stable Election
protocol(SEP)[5], Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering
(DEEC)[6], Developed Distributed Energy Efficient
Clustering(DDEEC)[7] are examples of heterogeneous
networks.
DEEC[6] is cluster-based algorithm in which Cluster-
Heads(CHs) are selected by probabilities based on ratio of
residual energy of nodes and average energy of network.
DEEC consists of two types of nodes i.e. normal nodes and
advanced nodes where advanced nodes have more chances
to be a CH than normal nodes. EDEEC followsthethoughtsof
DEEC and adds another type of node called Super node to
enhance the heterogeneity.
The remainder of the paper is organized as follows:section2
contains the radio energy dissipation model, section 3
explains the heterogeneous network model, section 4
describes our proposed work EDEEC, section 5 lists the
parameters used for simulation & also gives the result,
section 6 consists of conclusion and section7 consists of
references.
2. RADIO ENERGY DISSIPATION MODEL
Fig. 2.1 Radio Energy Dissipation Model
Do Here, we use radio energy model based on [8]. The
energy dissipated by node for radio transmission Etx(L,d)of
message of L bits over a distance d to run both the
transmitter electronics and transmitter amplifier is
expressed as:
ETx (L,d) ={ L × Eelec + L × ∈fs × d2 if d ≤ do
L × Eelec + L × ∈amp ×d4 if d ≥ do

Similarly, energy dissipated by a node for the reception ERx
(L)[9] of message of L bits to run the receiver electronics is
expressed by:
ERx = L × Eelec
Where Eelec is transmitter electronics dissipation per bit is
equal to receiver electronics dissipation per bit and ∈fs and
∈amp are transmit amplifier dissipation per bit per square
meter.
Here, both the free space (d2 power loss) and the multipath
fading(d4 power loss) channel models are used, depending
on the distance between the transmitter(Tx) and
receiver(Rx). If the distance is less than a threshold do, the
free space channel model will be used otherwise multipath
channel model will be used.
3. HETEROGENEOUS NETWORK MODEL
Here, we describe the network model. Assumethatthere are
N sensor nodes, which are uniformly distributed within a
M*M square area.
EDEEC considers three types of sensor nodes[10] with
different energy levels i.e. normal nodes, advanced nodes,
super nodes. Normal nodes have energy Eo. Let m be the
fraction of advanced nodes have atimes more energy than
normal nodes i.e. Eo(1+a) while mo is the percentage of total
number of nodes n have b times more energy than normal
nodes called super nodes i.e. Eo(1+b). As N is the total
number of nodes in network, then Nmmo, Nm(1-mo) and
N(1-m) are the number of super , advanced, and normal
nodes in the network, respectively.
The total initial energy of super nodes in WSN:
Esuper = NmmoEo(1+b)
The total initial energy of advanced nodes in WSN:
Eadvanced = Nm(1-mo)Eo(1+a)
The total initial energy of normal nodes in WSN:
Enormal = N(1-m)Eo
The total initial energy of three-level heterogeneousWSNsis
calculated as:
Etotal = Esuper + Eadvanced + Enormal
Etotal = NmmoEo(1+b) + Nm(1-mo)Eo(1+a) + N(1-m)Eo
Etotal = NEo[1+m(a+mo(b-a))]
The three-level heterogeneous WSN has m(a+mob) times
more energy as compared to the homogeneous WSN.
4. EDEEC PROTOCOL
Figures EDEEC uses the same views of probabilities for CH
selection depends on initial energy, remaining energy levels
of nodes & average energy of the network as proposed in
DEEC.
The average energy of rth round is estimated from
equation(1) is follows as:
E(r) = 1/N*Etotal*[1-r/R] (1)
Where R denotes the total rounds of network lifetime.
R can be calculated as:
R=Etotal/Eround (2)
where Eround is the enrgy dissipated in network in single
round.
Eround= L(2*N*Eelec + N*EDA + k*εmp*d4
toBs+ N*εf*d2
toCh))
Where kis the number of clusters, EDA is thecostexpended in
data aggregation by Ch, dtoBS is the averagedistance between
Ch & Bs and dtoCH is average distance between CH members
&CH.
dtoBS & dtoCH is calculated as:
dtoCH =M/√2πk, dtoBS = 0.765*M/2 (4)
By finding the derivative of Eround w.r.t k to zero, we get
optimal number of cluster kopt as:
kopt =√N/√2π*√ εf s/√ εmp * M/ d2BS (5)
During each round , node decide whether to become a CH or
not based on threshold calculated by suggested percentage
of CH and the number of times the node has been a CH so far.
This decision is taken by nodes by chososing a random
number between 0 & 1. If number is less thanthresholdT(s),
the node become a CH for current round. Threshold is
calculated as:
Pi is suggested percentage of CH, r is current round &G is the
set of odes that has not been cluster-head(CH) in previous
1/pi rounds. Therefor, EDEEC consider Normal, Advanced
and Super nodes. The probability for these three types of
nodes are:
Threshold for CH selection is calculated for normal,
advanced and super nodes by putting in equation(6):
G’ is the set of normal nodes that has not been become CHs
during previous 1/pi round od epoch where si is the normal
node. G’’ is the set of advanced nodes that have not been
become CHs during past 1/pi rounds of epoch. G’’’ is the set

of super nodes that has been not been CH last of 1/pi rounds
of epoch.
5. SIMULATION & RESULTS
This section prents simulation result for DEEC, DDEEC,
EDEEC and Proposed protocol for three level heterogeneous
WSN using MATLAB.
Table 1. Simulation Parameters
Parameter Value
Network Field (100m , 100m)
Eo(Initial energy of the Normal
Node)
0.5J
Message Size(L) 4000bits
Eelec 50nJ/bit
ϵfs 10 pJ/bit/m2
ϵamp 0.013 pJ/bit/m4
EDA 5 nJ/bit/signal
do(Threshold Distance) 70m
Pop(Suggested Percentage) 0.1
Number of Nodes (N) 100
The performance metrics use for evaluation of clustering
protocols for heterogeneous WSNs is FND, HND, Number of
Alive Nodes, NumberofDead NodesandNetwork Remaining
Energy. We consider a network containing 20 normal nodes
having 0.5J energy, 30 advanced nodes having 1.5 times
greater energy than normal nodes & 50 super nodes having
3 times greater energy than normal ones.
Fig.1 First Node Dead Comparison
Fig.2. Half Node Dead Comparison
Fig.3. Alive Node Comparison
Fig.4. Dead Node Comparison
Fig.5. Network Remaining Energy
Fig.1. Shows that First node for DEEC, DDEEC, EDDEEC ,
Enhanced EDEEC dies at 1320, 1286, 1330, 1275 rounds
respectively. Fig.2. shows that Half node dies at 1807, 2007,
1919, 1602. Fig.3. shows the Alive node comparison. Fig.4.
Shows Dead node comparison. Fig.5. shows Network

remaining energy in Proposed protocol is more than that of
DEEC , DDEEC and EDEEC.
6. CONCLUSION
Due to limited energy resources , energy conservationisone
of the major challenge in design of protocol for WSNs. The
ultimate objective of this protocol is to achieve the energy
efficiency by prolonging network lifetime. EDEEC is and
adaptive as well as energy aware routing protocol. This
protocol increases heterogeneity by including concept of
super nodes. The simulation analysis shows the Proposed
protocol shows better result than DEEC, DDEEC, EDEEC.
Hence Proposed protocol is most efficient among all
protocols.
REFRENCES
[1]. I.F.Akyildiz, W.Su*, Y.Sankarasubramaniam, E.Cayirci,
“Wireless sensor networks: a survey”, Computer Networks
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Wireless Sensor networks”, international Journal of
Advanced Networking and Applications, Vol.02, Issue 02,
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[4]. Meena Malik, dr.Yufhvir Singh,AnshuArora,“Analysisof
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Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and
software Engineering, Vol.3, Issue 2, February 2013.
[5]. Georgia Smaragdakis, Ibrahim Matta, Azer Bestavros,
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[6]. Li Qing*, Qingxin Zhu, Mingwen Wang, “ Design of a
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Communication 29, pp.2230-2237, 2006.
[7]. Brahim Elbhiri, Saadne Rachid, Sanaa Elfkihi, Driss
Aboutajdine, “Developed Distributed Energy-efficient
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Communications and Mobile Networks(ISVC), ISBN 978-1-
4244-5996-4, September 2010.
[8] Wendi Rabiner Heinzelman,Anantha Chandrakasan,Hari
Balakrishnan,“Energy-EfficientCommunicationProtocol for
Wireless Microsensor networks”, Hawaii International
Conference on System Sciences, January4-7, 2000 IEEE.
[9]. Stefanos A.Nikolidakis, Douligeris Kandris, Dimitrios
D.Vergados andChristosDougliers,“EnergyEfficientRouting
in Wireless Sensor Networks Through Balanced Clustering”
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[10]. Giuseppe Anastasi*, Marco Conti*, Andrea Passarella*,
Mario Di Francesco*, “ Energy conservation in Wireless
Sensor Networks: a Survey”, ResearchGate, May 2009.

EDEEC-Enhanced Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering Protocol for Heterogeneous Wireless sensor Network(WSN)

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