IRJET - A Casestudy on Zigbee based Patient Monitoring System

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 04 | Apr 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1757
A CASESTUDY ON ZIGBEE BASED PATIENT MONITORING SYSTEM
Pranali Gaikwad1, Chetan Mane2, Madhuri Rodge3
1,2,3Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Shivajirao S. Jondhle College of Engineering &
Technology Asangaon, Maharashtra, India.
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Abstract: This paper introduce us a real time body
monitoring system. In now a day’s security and health care
becomes an hard issue. To take off and to monitor a patient
continuously is very hard and huge task for doctors. This
system plays an important role in monitor patients physical
and mental health conditions. ZigBee can measure physical
parameters like temperature, heart rate, blood pressure,
patient’s movement with the help of some devices either
inserted in body or externally attached to human body. It
helps to get correct or accurate readings from human body
and passes it to ZigBee. Next step is to process the data. The
data will be sent to hospital or doctor if in case of any
emergency by ZigBee wireless module. The hospital and
monitoring system receive all the information about patients
and save this information into database from which they can
judge the condition of patients by studying the monitoring
records and patient’s health. This data can be deployed in
graphical form or in numerical form in dataset. According to
the information collected from monitoring system the
patient doctors having advantage to understand the patient
condition more gracefully and also start the treatment
according to continues information gathers.
Keywords- ZigBee, Blood pressure, Heart rate, Motion
sensor, Database, Health care.
I.INTRODUCTION
Wireless sensor network plays an important role in our
day to day life. In our day to day life we used various types
of wireless devices like smartwatch, wrist bands,
earphones, etc. The main key point of wireless sensors is it
can locate radio frequencies and adjust there power
requirements all by itself also it can available in lower cost
because of that it can result in further future developments
in smart sensing devices. Wireless sensor networks mostly
makes sensors on ZigBee technology. Which provides a
small private wireless network. ZigBee can transmit the
data with rate of 250 kbps.
The main advantages if ZigBee are-
1. It can run on low power.
2. Its cost is low as compared to other wireless
devices.
3. It can provide free frequency bands etc.
The physical parameters like heart rate, blood pressure,
temperature, etc. needs to monitor in real-time but if any
goes to the doctor or hospital to check his condition, big
instruments present over there which is traditional way to
monitor your condition. The instruments are big in size
and also, they are wired then its not possible to monitor a
patient in real-time and also it will be very costly for a
patient. All this facility are continuously available for only
that patient which is in critical condition or in ICU and it
will monitored by nurses. For normal patient also nurse is
available for monitoring you, but she will only monitor you
2 to 3 times in a day. Because of that serious patients can’t
get help in time. With the help of ZigBee technology, it is
possible to monitor a patient in real-time. With wireless
sensor and a Zigbee module carrying with patient we can
acquired real-time data. The monitored data can store on
cloud storage. With the help of this monitored data, doctor
can start his/her treatment immediately in any emergency
situation. The main motive of this system is to find is
patient is in worse condition or not and notify the doctor
to help patients.
II. RELATED WORKS
The continuous health monitoring systems are essential
for old-age people or critical conditions patients. But
currently it is in progress to make system more compact
and easier to carry with us[1].
Medical field have a wide scope of IOT in future. Patient
interactions, patient monitoring cab be done by IOT. It will
save times and cost of both patient and doctor[1][2].
On few cases if patient seen in worse condition then
ZigBee/ system will inform the staff or doctor
immediately. So, they can take immediate action on
situation[4]
The data collected from Zigbee or sensors can be stored on
both offline and online storage. The wearable devices can
give information in both conditions, inside the hospital and
at outside of hospital, also, this can help doctors to see
real-time condition of patient.

It can also monitor the neural activities of patient with
some additional sensors and Zigbee.
III. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The detailed description of system can be seen from two
phases –
1. Block diagram
2. Algorithm
1. Block diagram –
Description –
The sensors are placed inside patients body or attached on
patients body externally. The microcontroller is can be
used to make it easier to use. By using microcontroller, it
can send the data directly to wireless devices with the help
of GSM module or can be send to hospital staff or doctors
pc through Zigbee.
Zigbee is the compact controller which consists pf
transmitter and a receiver for communicating
data/transmitting the data from microcontroller to doctor.
GSM module is used to send the urgent notification
message over wireless devices in case of any emergency.
2. Algorithm –
 Attach sensors to patients body for monitoring
purpose.
 Collect real-time data.
 Compare the data with standard values.
 The collected information then stored on online
and offline both database.
 Then sends it to doctors PC or to nurses in
hospitals.
 An alarm or notification will be send on doctors
phone or in hospital in case of any emergency.
IV. DEVICE AND FUNCTION
In monitoring of patients, different monitoring devices and
sensors are used. Every sensor is connected to a
microcontroller and a Zigbee.
An authorised person can get details of patients by login or
any other security pass. These devices or sensors provides
real-time records of the patient without any disturbance to
the patient just because of it. These devices are very easy
and comfortable to wear. These devices have very low in
cost as compared to other devices. In some medical cases
we needs accurate values/data records of patients in real-
time. In that cases multiple numbers of sensors can use. All
this data is then collected and transferred to controller.
Sometimes devices can provide different values from each
other so, in such case doctor will decide which values are
correct and which are not. This devices work
independently but at last they all connected to a
microcontroller through a Zigbee.
 Zigbee –
Zigbee is mostly used to create wireless personal area
network for communication purpose. It is mainly used in
small scale projects because of its low power consumption
and low cost. Zigbee is mainly known for its security and
data transfer speed parameters. But after encryption of
data its security parameters will become low. Zigbee is
also act as a transmitter and receiver at same time.
Zigbee is compact in size therefore it can be used as co-
ordinator, router and in other end devices. And also
batteries are inbuilt in Zigbee. Zigbee is also known for its
level communication protocol.
After receiving the data, Zigbee encrypts this data for
further transmission and also supports star, mesh and tree
topologies. It can also receive multiple data from multiple
devices without any loss in data. It can be use as internet
support module and Wi-Fi connector.
Patient
Sensors
Sensors
Microcontroller
ZigBee
GSM Module
ZigBee
Doctor
Wireless Devices
Mobiles, pc , Watches
etc.

 Sensors –
Sensors are used to take the accurate data of patient. In
our system we can use 20 – 22 sensors on single Zigbee.
1. Motion sensor
Motion sensors are the sensor which related to body
movements. Motion sensors are attached to patient’s
hands or foot i.e. in foot ware and band in hand. And when
this sensor activates means comes in motion, then it
transmits the record to Zigbee. With the help of motion
sensors, we can continuously monitor patient’s movement.
It includes distance travelled, speed of traveling, route of
travelling.
2. Heart rate sensors
This sensor is placed near the chest or attached to any
nerve where heart beats can be measured accurately.
Heart rate sensors are very compact and easy to use.
3. Blood pressure sensors
This sensor is placed on arm, finger or attached to any
nerve near arm where pulse can be measure accurately.
We can run at least 10-12 sensors continuously at a time
on a single Zigbee sensor. And a single Zigbee sensor can
transmit or receive any signal from 200M of distance.
V. DATA MANAGEMENT
 Data storage –
Dataset is created through a survey among doctors, from
which a standard chart will create for further patient
monitoring and all this information is stored on Zigbee
cloud storage. All the data collected from doctors will be
further encrypted for security purpose. In worst
condition/situation of patient emergency tips will be sent
to patient first. The report or information monitored will
be compare from database which is on cloud then
compared data will be sent on doctors pc. On Zigbee you
can even create Login ID and passwords for security
purpose from which it will only given to authorised
persons, patients relatives, and patient itself. And for
unauthorised person have to submit on request to patient
to add login id and password to Zigbee system. Patient can
daily monitor his physical condition and other things like
heart rate, blood pressure, temperature etc.
 Data sharing –
The data sharing section is used in between patient and
doctors only but some authorised person can also access
the data about patients. Doctors can also hide some
information from patient if any worse condition or in
private concepts. Also it is applicable for patients relatives.
This privacy can be modified by patient and doctor only.
 Processing phase –
In this phase, data analysis is done. Which is monitored
from patients body and database will store every activity
of patients. So this process compare real-time information
with previous scored information. If any changes are
observed, then the information will compare with doctors
standard information which is stored on cloud storage of
Zigbee. If ay critical condition observed, then an
notification will be sent on doctors mobile using GSM
module and to doctors PC and in hospital using Zigbee.
VI. FUTURE SCOPE
In future it may possible to add advanced devices in Zigbee
which could monitor patients neural activities.
There is also having scope for sensors can work without
charging or without batteries. It can be possible to provide
emergency medical help with the help of Zigbee only. It
may also possible to kept emergency medicines with in
Zigbee, so that patient can get medicine immediately.
VII. CONCLUSION
This system can be implemented with some help of doctors
and some hospitals to reduce the work load of doctors.
This system can also helps doctors to be informed about
patients before any emergency. The data which is deleted
by doctors or patients are still available on cloud storage.
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