IRJET - Farm Field Monitoring Using IoT-A Survey Paper

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 04 | Apr 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 417
Farm Field Monitoring Using IoT
-A Survey Paper
Achyuth Simha1, Arshad Nadeem2, Manvith Ravishankar3 and Navaneeth Raj4 , Bhavani K5
1,2,3,4Student, Dept. of Information Science and Engineering, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering,
Bangalore,Karnataka, India
5Assistant Professor, Dept. of Information Science and Engineering, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering,
Abstract— India is said to be a land of agriculture.
Engineering techniques in agriculture bring a lot of
advantages to the farmer. Inorder to overcome future food
scarcity due to overpopulation across the globe agricultural
practices need to be transformed and this can be done using
an IoT based farm field monitoring system.
This paper aims to provide the farmer with a IoT
system with which the farmer can easily keep a track of the
necessary requirements for the crop and provide the same to
increase the crop yield and reduce the crop loss. The main
aim is to provide the farmer with the factors that have an
effect on the crop growth like soil moisture, humidity,
temperature, sunlight etc and also provide with a small
system that can handle all the above factors by keeping it at
optimum levels to get a good crop yield.
INTRODUCTION
The Internet of Things is a new and upcoming way of
implementing technology. It involves connecting a set of
computers and devices and transferring data between each
other. Abbreviated to IoT , this phenomenon has a variety of
applications and its maximum potential is yet to be figured
out. It gives control from human to human or human to
machine and lets the user be involved to a great extent.
Farming is one of the oldest professions in the world. In
India, especially, it is one of the largest sources of
employment ,income and revenue. Farming using IoT is a
concept that can have great potential depending on how well
it is implemented.
Farm fields can be monitored and controlled using IoT. It
can help in research as well as to generate greater output of
crops as well as better crops in terms of crop health. Using an
app to monitor day to day progress of a plant’s growth , we
can find out how a plant grows based on conditions which we
can vary at the palm of our hands. These conditions include
temperature, amount of light, soil moisture content and
humidity. Implementing this idea on a large scale will prove
challenging at first but with mass production and reduced
costs, we could be able to see more income and less workload
for all parties involved.
LITERATURE SURVEY
[1] This research paper proposes the development of an
integrated system to improve and optimise productivity ie;
production per hectare through real time monitoring and
automation of agriculture. This integration reduces the delay
between collection and transformation of data from sensors
to servers which they can make a decision regarding the
conversion of actuator state. However, the major drawback of
this proposal lies in the financial non feasibility in
implementation of integrated systems. Even though they
have been implemented for scientific research, handling of
such systems expects a lot of knowledge from the farmers
regarding sensor data implementation.
[2] This paper focuses on the applications of Information
Communication Technology(ICT) in the field of food
technology vis-a-vis commercial farming. It channelises the
efforts to obtain the best source of dietary needs through
microalgae(Spirulina) culture and production given the fact
that Spirulina is an important natural protein source. Algae
horticulture employs device to gateway model for machine to
machine communication (M2M). It results in a significant
decrease in production cost and increases the yield of
harvested crop. This paper however faces a serious challenge
in gaining acceptance for algae as a dietary source. Sensors
required have to be of a very high quality since algae
cultivation offers a very little margin for error in optimising
temperature and humidity thus posing a question of
scalability.
[3] Agricultural land is decreasing due to industrialisation
and residential buildings being built on cultivable land. With
the population set to reach 9.7 bn by 2050 , this paper
proposes an IoT based model of “Precision Farming”. It
involves cultivation inside a fully covered steel structure
called a Poly House . The cultivation is carried out in a
completely controlled manner and results in considerable
decrease of crop failure. This model takes into consideration
additional parameters such as soil pH, motion detection and
air temperature. Given the heterogeneous nature of soil in
India and varying temperature during similar seasons across
geography this model finds very little scope in large scale
implementation. In addition to these sectorial issues the
capital venture costs are also projected to be high, stacking
more odds against this model.
Bangalore,Karnataka, India
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[4]The main feature of this paper is monitoring temperature
and humidity in agriculture using sensors CC3200 single chip
and a CC3200 combined with a camera module to capture
and transfer the images through MMS using Wi-Fi to a
farmer’s mobile. The CC3200 is portable, low power battery
operated , secure and provides fast connection. The humidity
sensor HDC1010 monitors real time farm field air humidity.
The camera module shares the images through GPRS.The
main drawback of this model is that all the sensors used are
low cost and the semi conducting material has low capacity
to endure harsh conditions of an agricultural field. This
decreases the durability of the setup and will need frequent
replacements.
[5] This research paper employs a smart GPS based remote
controlled robot to perform operations such as soil moisture
sensing , weeding and spraying insecticides. The robot is
equipped with intelligent accurate real time data and
warehouse management. It is performed by integrating
sensors with raspberry pi and ZeeBee modules. The paper
fails to focus on irrigation problems and manufacturing the
smart robot in a large scale is expected to cost high.
[6] This paper addresses the long standing issue of delay in
relay of processed data over cloud platforms across long
distances. It proposes a model which uses Long Range (LoRa)
communication mechanism to send data from transmitter
node to receiver node. The main disadvantage of this is that
cellular devices have very poor battery life and there are
several gaps in network coverage.
[7]In this paper wireless transmission in JSON format is
used to maintain server database. The parameters are
humidity, soil moisture and temperature. The farmers
receive notifications periodically. This system is more suited
in areas where there is water scarcity. It is verified to be 92%
more efficient than the conventional system. Using PHP script
automation of irrigation data is stored in MySQL database.
Total power consumption for the automated irrigation
system is 2Ah per day.
[8] The model proposed in this paper uses various sensors
in the field and the data is connected to micro controller
through RS323.The data received is verified and compared
with the respective threshold values. If the data exceeds the
value buzzer is switched on and the LED starts to blink.
Farmer can view a detailed description of the data in the
webpage. There is also an automatic mode where the
controller gets switched on and off automatically.In manual
mode the user has to press on and off buttons in the android
application developed using GSM.
[9] In this paper three functions i.e. acquisition, collection
and analysis of data such as temperature and soil moisture
are performed by wireless sensors.Here,three main
components constitute the architecture : a cloud platform
,WSAN component and a user application component. It
contains three different types of nodes such as sensor node, a
sink node and an actuator node. The benefits of a smart
irrigation system are reduced water wastage and
environmental aspects.
SYSTEM DESIGN
The picture above shows the system architecture. The
arrows in the diagram shows the connectivity between
the components. The information which is on the cloud
and sensor data acts as input to the system and the
output required is fetched through LCD display or any
android application and any activities like buzzer
sound, irrigation etc. The DSS includes a controller
which is a circuit based and is programmed to action as
per sensor data.
THE PICTURE ABOVE SHOWS THE DATA FLOW DIAGRAM FOR THE
PRODUCTION SUPPORT
EXISTING SYSTEM
Farmers in India follow a traditional method of farming
where they grow crops based on knowledge gained by their
previous generations and fathers. As they grow the same
crop throughout the year crop yield and market price mere
luck to the farmers. Most of the farmers lack education and
hence they end up doing a lot of labour work or manual work.
For instance, they check the water level in tank manually and

then switch on the water pump and once they find the
overflow of water from tank they switch off the tank.
Intruder detection is done manually to keep their crops on
check which is done manually.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
As most of the work is done manually farmers find it tough in
finding more number of labourers and paying them their
debts. The fluctuation in the system leads to financial
insecurity to the farmers.
PROPOSED SYSTEM
With the advent in use of technologies, we make use of
existing techniques to monitor the farm field. The sensors,
controllers, GSM technology reduces the labour work for
farmers. The data gained through sensors which is stored in
cloud will be shared in mobile applications and farmers can
utilise the data and based on the data crop’s yield can be
monitored. To keep a check on intruders a detector is
installed which gives a beep when intrusion is detected.
CONCLUSIONS
The aim of this paper is to reduce the farmer’s work and
enhancing the crop yield by providing with sophisticated
method to keep track of the factors that have an effect on the
crop growth. The farmer need not be at the site to monitor all
the activities which saves a lot of time and energy.
REFERENCES
[1] Elhassan Mohammed Elhassan Ahmed, Elhassan Mohammed
Elhassan Ahmed and Ibrahim khider Eltahir , “Farm Automation
based on IoT”,
2018 International Conference on Computer, Control, Electrical, and
Electronics Engineering (ICCCEEE).
[2] Eko Ariawan and Stanley A Macalev,”Smart Micro Farm: Sustainable
Algae Spirulina Growth Monitoring System” ,2018 10th
International Conference on Information Technology and
Electrical Engineering (ICITEE).
[3] Rahul Dagar, Subhranil Som, Sunil Kumar Khatri,“Smart Farming –
IoT in Agriculture”,Proceedings of the International Conference on
Inventive Research in Computing Applications (ICIRCA 2018)
IEEE.
[4] Prathibha S R1, Anupama Hongal 2, Jyothi M , “IOT BASED
MONITORING SYSTEM IN SMART AGRICULTURE”,2017
International Conference on Recent Advances in Electronics and
Communication Technology.
[5] Nikesh Gondchawar, Prof. Dr. R. S. Kawitkar, “IoT Based Smart
Agriculture” ,10th International conference on Intelligent systems
and control (ISCO), 7-8 Jan 2016 published in IEEE.
[6] Ravi Kishore Kodali ,Sbbachari Yerroju, and Shubhi Sahu,
“Smart Farm Monitoring Using LoRa Enabled Iot,”,IEEE 2018.
[7] Nelson Sales, Artur Arsenio “Wireless Sensor and Actuator
System for Smart Irrigation on Cloud,” 2nd World Forum on
Internet of Things published in IEEE.
[8] Rajalaxmi P, S Devi Mahalakshmi, “IoT Based Crop Field Monitoring
And Irrigation System,” 10th International Conference on Wireless
Systems,published in IEEE,2016.
[9] Dr N Suma,Sandra Rhea Samson, S Saranya,G Sanmughapriya and
R.Subhasri “IoT Based Smart Agriculture Monitoring
System”,International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in
Computing and Communication.

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