IRJET- Grid Integrated Single Phase PV with Shunt Active Filter based Control for Distributed System

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 05 | May 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 272
GRID INTEGRATED SINGLE PHASE PV WITH SHUNT ACTIVE FILTER
BASED CONTROL FOR DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM
N. THILAGA1, Dr. G. BALAJI2
1Student, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Paavai Engineering College
2HOD, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Paavai Engineering College
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Abstract - The grid integration is a framework which is
used to evaluate a power system with high penetration levels
of variable renewable energy. This is established to build
generation and transmission capacity, ideally capturing the
spatial diversity benefits of solar resources. The grid
integration of renewable energy sources dependsonthescale
of power generation. The small scale power generation is
connected to distributed systems and large scale power
generations are connected to transmission systems. The
conventional passive filter is necessary to insert between the
inverter and the utility grid in order to filter the harmonics
produced by the inverter. There are three types of passive
filter: the L filter, the LCL filter. Nowadays, the LCL filter is
vastly used than the others because of its filtering efficiency.
Key Words: LCL filter, harmonics, shunt active filter
1. INTRODUCTION
Power quality refers to the ability of electrical equipment to
consume the energy being supplied to it. A number of power
quality issues including electrical harmonics, poor power
factor, voltage instability and imbalance impact on the
efficiency of electrical equipment. This has a number of
consequences including
 Higher energy usage and costs
 Higher maintenance costs
 Equipment instability and failure
Energy management is an important consideration for any
business, and it is critical that power quality be assessed as
part of any energy management strategy.
Power quality issues fall generally into three broad
categories
1. Harmonic voltagesandcurrents-areintroducedby
a range of common electrical devices which distort the AC
wave form and increases power usage. By introducing
harmonic filters or reactors the harmonics are eliminated
and the result is more efficientpowerusageandcostsavings.
2. Poor power factor-refers to an excess of reactive
power in the system. This reactive power does not perform
any real work and as such is wasteful and costly. Power
factor correction (PFC) reduces and can almost eliminate
this reactive power, reduce energycostsandstopequipment
over heating, nuisance tripping and motor failure.
3. Voltage instability- is in part a side effect of the high
or low voltage electricity supply from the network. High
voltage does not increase equipment power and is
detrimental to equipment performance and longevity, and
low voltage can cause brown outs and reduce productivity.
Voltage optimization ensures the voltage supplied to the
system is stable as required by the equipment on site.
Due to generator we had harmonics disturbance in the
transmission line by implementing power quality
improvement to rectify losses by harmonics compensation
and power factor correction using active filters.
2. EXISTING SYSTEM
In the existing system an single stage, three phase grid
connected solar PV (Photovoltaic) system. The MPPT
(Maximum Power Point Tracking) based on P&O (Perturb
and Observe) technique is usedtoobtainmaximumpowerof
the PV array. An adaptive Laguerre filter based control
algorithm is used for the control of VSC (Voltage Source
Converter). For sustaining the voltage of DC link with the
reference value, a PI (Proportional Integral) controller is
used. The behavior of the grid connected solar PV system is
studied on a laboratory prototype. The performance of this
system is demonstrated under non-ideal conditionswhereit
performs satisfactorily for wide range of
variations of load.

3. PROPOSED SYSTEM
3.1 WORKING OF THE SYSTEM
Solar energy is one of the most important
renewable energy sources that have been gaining
increased attention in recent years. Solar energy is
plentiful; it has the greatest availability compared toother
energy sources. The amount of energy supplied to the earth
in one day by the sun is sufficient to power the total energy
needs of the earth for one year. Solar energy is clean and
free of emissions, since it does not produce pollutants or by-
products harmful to nature. The conversion of solar energy
into electrical energy has many application fields.
Fig -1: Block Diagram
The solar photovoltaic systems integrate a solar
array and power electronics systems that allow perform the
power conversion from the solar photovoltaic arrays to the
electrical grid. In an isolated system,thesystemisconnected
directly to the loads. Generically this system integrates a dc-
dc power converter and a dc-ac power converter. TheActive
Filters are the latest development of interfacing devices
between distribution supply grid and the consumer
appliances to overcome voltage/currentdisturbancesand to
improve the power qualitybycompensatingthereactive and
harmonic power generated or absorbed by the load.
The shunt active filter is used for the integration of
grid with the solar PV for the harmonic reduction. The
harmonics is produced during the conversion of the DC
power to AC supply as there are AC and DC grids present in
the system. The power produced from the solar is DC supply
is converted into the AC by inverters. The AC which is
produced cannot be feed directly into the grid asthereexists
some amount of harmonics in the system. The shunt active
filter is used to reduce the harmonic and then the power is
feed into the grid.
3.2 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC
Photovoltaic or solar cells, at the present time,
furnish one of the most-important long- duration power
supplies. This cell is considered a major candidate for
obtaining energy from the sun, since it can convert sunlight
directly to electricity with high conversion efficiency. It can
provide nearly permanent power at low operating cost, and
is virtually free of pollution. Since a typical photovoltaiccell
produces less than 3 watts at approximately 0.5 voltdc, cells
must be connected in series-parallel configurations to
produce enough power for high-power applications. Cells
are configured into module and modules are connected as
arrays. Modules may have peak output powers ranging
from a few watts, depending upon the intended
application, to more than 300 watts. Typical array output
power is in the 100-watt-kilowatt range, although
megawatt arrays do exist.
Photovoltaic cells, like batteries, generate direct
current (DC), which is generally used for small loads
(electronic equipment). When DC from photovoltaic cells is
used for commercial applications or sold to electric
utilities using the electric grid, it must be converted to
alternating current (AC) using grid inverters, solid-state
devices that convert DC power to AC.
3.3 SHUNT ACTIVE FILTER
Shunt active power filters have been volts; peak
positive volts; zero volts; peak negative volts and then zero
volts. This sequence is repeated. The resultant wave very
roughly resembles the shape of a sine wave. Most
inexpensive consumer power inverters produce a modified
sine wave rather than a pure sine wave.
The waveform in commercially available modified-
sine-wave inverters resembles a square wave but with a
pause during the polarity reversal. Switching states are
developed for positive, negativeandzerovoltages.Generally,
the peak voltage to RMS voltage ratio does not maintain the
same relationship as for a sine wave. The DC busvoltagemay
be actively regulated, or the "on" and "off" times can be
modified to maintain the sameRMSvalueoutputuptotheDC
bus voltage to compensate for DC bus voltage variations.
The ratio of on to off time can be adjustedtovarythe

RMS voltage while maintaining a constant frequency with a
technique called pulse width modulation (PWM). The
generated gate pulses are given to each switch in accordance
with the developed pattern to obtain the desired output.
Harmonic spectrum in the output depends on the width of
the pulses and the modulation frequency. When operating
induction motors, voltage harmonics are usually not of
concern; however, harmonic distortion in the current
waveform introduces additional heating and can produce
pulsating torques.
3.4 Modelling Electrical Power Systems
With Sim Power Systems a model of a system is
built just as the physical system. The components in the
model are connected by physical connections that
represent the ideal conduction paths. This approach
describes the physical structure of the system rather than
deriving and implementing the equations for the system.
From the model, which closely resembles a schematic, Sim
Power Systems automatically constructs the differential
algebraic equations (DAEs) that characterize the behavior
of the system.
3.5 Simulation Result
The output current and the output voltage of the
grid integrated single phase PV with shuntactivefilterbased
control for distributed system is given below.
Fig -2: Output Voltage
The main purpose of this proposed system is to
reduce the harmonics which is produced in the system by
the help of introducing shunt active power filter.
In the output waveform of the current which is
Fig -3 Output Current
given below is maximum at the starting and after the
specified timing the amplitude of the current is reduced as
the harmonics which was present in the circuit is
eliminated. Initially the value of the current is 240 and the
triggering pulse is got the harmonics is reduced to the 6.5.
The harmonics is produced due to the presence of power
electronic drives present in the system.
Fig -4 Harmonic Waveform
The total harmonics distortion of this proposed
system is 0.06% and the fundamental frequency is 87.14.
The system is more advantages as the harmonics which is
produced is reduced upto an extend.
Fig- 5 PV Output Voltage

The experimental results have shown the
effectiveness of the feedback and feedforward control
methods which are also easy to implement. As a result, the
advantages listed above shows that especially for large
power applications, hybrid power filters are seem to be an
appropriate solution.
Fig - 6 Voltage Across The Load
The x-axis of the current waveform is time and the y-
axis is the value of current. The value of current is 2.5 at the
starting and after the triggering pulse is given the value
rises to 6. The x-axis of the voltage waveform is time and
the y-axis is the measured voltage. The value of voltage is 0
at first and after the trigger pulse is given the 240 volt is
obtained.
Fig-7 Total Harmonic Distortion
The x-axis of the voltage waveform from the PV is
time and the y-axis is the voltage. The value of thevoltageis
48.29 constant DC output. The x-axis of the harmonic
waveform is time and the y-axis is the harmonic value. The
value of the harmonic is 4.5 at the starting and after the
pulse is given the harmonic is reduced to 2. The x-axis of
the voltage waveform across the load is time and the y-axis
is voltage. The value of the output voltage is 240 volts.Thus
the desired output is been obtained. The purpose of the
project is to reduce the harmonic which is produced due to
the presence of power electronic devices in the system.
4. CONCLUSIONS
In this project the conventional passive filter is replaced by
shunt active filter for the reduction of harmonics which is
produced while integration of grid with the solar
photovoltaic. The real and reactive power is compensated in
large distribution and transmission systems interfacing of
renewable energy sources with the utility. It gives better
performance like unity powerfactor,minimumcurrent THD.
The harmonics is produced during the conversion of dc
power to ac power. The system will be efficient only when
the harmonics produced is of lower value or lower order.
The operation of grid integrated single phase PV with shunt
active filter based control for distributed system is
developed and output is verified by using
MATLAB/SIMULINK model.
The proposed topology is verified through the result
obtained. The proposed topology is very suitable for small
scale, the large scale systems such as generation, industrial
and domestic applications. In this proposed work
maintained power quality improvement like total harmonic
distortion (THD) and power factor.
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