REVIEW ON IMPLEMENTING BLOCKCHAIN ASSISTED PUBLIC KEY ENCRYPTION TECHNIQUE IN CLOUD COMPUTING FOR SECURING DOCUMENTS

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
REVIEW ON IMPLEMENTING BLOCKCHAIN ASSISTED PUBLIC KEY
ENCRYPTION TECHNIQUE IN CLOUD COMPUTING FOR SECURING
DOCUMENTS.
Kuldeep S. Ratawa1, Dr. Pritish A. Tijare2
1Post Graduate Student, Sipna College of Engineering & Technology, Maharashtra, India
2Professor, Sipna College of Engineering & Technology, Maharashtra, India
------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract -Cloud storage is becoming very popular now-
a-days. It is very cost efficient to store important
documents on cloud. The documents that are stored on
cloud server are in encrypted format, but the keys and
keywords also stored on the same server to achieve
centralization. If we maintain all data on same server,
there is a possibility of document leakage. Therefore, to
improve security of the documents that are stored on cloud
server, we proposed blockchain assisted public key
encryption technique. Using this technique, the keys of the
documents and their keywords will be stored in blockchain
instead of cloud server. Along with document security, we
focus on keywords security. To improve document
keywords security, we proposed separate keywords storage
server.
Blockchain technology is a main technology with
promising result and application prospects within the core
banking system. Up to date, blockchain technology is useful
in all fields and the banking system is not an exception.
Blockchains could revolutionize the underlying technology
of the payment clearing and credit information systems in
banks, thus upgrading and reworking them. Block chain
technology should be introduced within the modern
banking industry, since they supply control over crypto
currency which will help in counteracting money-
laundering and financing of terrorism in the country and
around the world.
Keywords— Blockchain, Benefits from Blockchain,
Decentralized consensus, Features of Blockchain
Security, Aspects of Blockchain, Smart contracts.
1. Introduction
Cloud computing is the on- demand vacuity of computer
system resources, especially data storage and calculating
power, without direct active operation by the user. Large
shadows, predominant moment, frequently have
functions distributed over multiple locales from central
servers. However, it going to be designated a base server,
If the connection to the user is comparatively close. The
vacuity of high- capacity networks, low- cost computers
and storage bias also because the wide relinquishment of
tackle virtualization, service- acquainted architecture and
automatization and use of computing has resulted to
growth in cloud computing. A blockchain, consist of
growing list of records, called blocks, that are linked using
cryptography. Each block contains a cryptographic hash of
the previous block, timestamp, and transaction data
(generally represented as a Merkle tree).Its an distributed
leger which keeps the track of all the transaction. Typical
applications include store-and-forward systems, such as
cloud-based email systems, where multiple users (called
senders) are willing to send data containing a small
number of keywords to one user (called receiver). tiple
users (called senders) are willing to send data containing a
small number of keywords to one user (called receiver).
Senders are ready to outsource the info also as keywords
to the storage server, and therefore the receiver can
retrieve target data from the storage server through
searching by keywords. This can free senders and
therefore the receiver from heavy local storage costs, and
allows the receiver to access the target data on other
devices (e.g., smartphones) at a later point in time. On the
other hand, as the documents and keywords used to
maintain on third party cloud; the security will be totally
dependent on cloud service provider. Cloud storage is
becoming very popular now-a-days. It is very cost efficient
to store important documents on cloud. The documents
that are stored on cloud server are in encrypted format,
but the keys and keywords also stored on the same server
to achieve centralization. If we maintain all data on same
server, there is a possibility of document leakage.
Therefore, to improve security of the documents that are
stored on cloud server, we proposed blockchain assisted
public key encryption technique. Blockchains are typically
built to feature the score of latest blocks onto old blocks
and are given incentives to increase with new blocks
instead of overwrite old blocks. Therefore, the chance of
an entry becoming override reduce exponentially.
2. Literature Review
The first blockchain was visualized by a person (or group
of people) known as Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008. Nakamoto
improvised the architecture in an important way using a
Hashcash-like method to timestamp blocks without
requiring them to be signed by a trusted party and
introducing a different parameter to stabilize rate with
which blocks are added to the chain. The design was
enforced the ensuing time by Nakamoto as a core element
© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1388

of the cryptocurrency bitcoin, where it serves as the
public tally for all deals on the network. In August 2014,
the bitcoin blockchain train size, containing records of all
deals that have passed on the network, reached 20 GB
(gigabytes). In January 2015, the size had grown to
nearly 30 GB, and from January 2016 to January 2017,
the bitcoin blockchain grew from 50 GB to 100 GB in size.
The tally size had exceeded 200 Kit by early 2020.The
word block and chain where use by Satoshi Nakamoto
research individually but latter on they where use
combinedly, blockchain, by 2016. According to
Accenture, an operation of the prolixity of inventions
proposition suggests that blockchains attained a13.5
relinquishment rate within fiscal services in 2016, thus
reaching the early adopter’s phase. Assiduity trade
groups joined to produce the Global Blockchain Forum in
2016, an action of the Chamber of Digital Commerce. In
May 2018, Bartner plant that only 1 of CIOs showed any
kind of blockchain relinquishment within their
associations, and only 8 of CIOs were in the short- term
“designing or (looking at) active demo with blockchain".
Cloud computing was vulgarized withAmazon.com
releasing its Elastic Compute Cloud product in 2006. In
the 1990s, telecommunications companies, who
preliminarily offered primarily devoted point-to- point
data circuits, began offering virtual private network
(VPN) services with similar quality of service, but at a
lower cost. By switching business as they saw fit to
balance server use, they could use overall network
bandwidth more effectively. They began to use the pall
symbol to denote the discrimination point between what
the provider was responsible for and what user were
responsible for. cloud computing extended this boundary
to cover all waiters as well as the network structure. As
computers came more diffused, scientists and
technologists explored ways to make large-scale
computing power available to further druggies through
time-sharing. They experimented with algorithms to
optimize the structure, platform, and operations to
prioritize CPUs and increase effectiveness for end
druggies.
In July 2010, Rackspace Hosting and NASA concertedly
launched an open- source pall-software action known as
OpenStack. The OpenStack design intended to help
associations offering pall-computing services running on
standard tackle. The early law came from NASA's Nebula
platform as well as from Rackspace's Cloud Lines
platform. As an open- source immolation and along with
other open- source results similar as Cloud Stack, Ganeti
and Open Nebula, it has attracted attention by several
crucial communities. Several studies aim at comparing
these open-source immolations grounded on a set of
criteria. Then new ways for remote searching on
translated data using an untrusted garçon handed
attestations of security for the performing crypto
systems. These ways have a number of pivotal
advantages they're provably secure; they support
controlled and hidden hunt and query insulation; they're
simple and fast (More specifically, for a document of
length, the encryption and hunt algorithms only need
sluice cipher and block cipher operations); and
they introduce nearly no space and communication
outflow. This method is also veritably flexible, and it can
efficiently be extended to support more advanced search
queries.
It studies the drawback how to search on data encrypted
by a public-crucial cryptosystem. In particular, they
consider the matter of a user that desires to retrieve e-
mails consisting a particular keyword from thee-mail
server, with thee-mails encrypted by the user using his
public key. The benefaction of this paper is in defining a
secure indicator and formulating a security model for
indexes known as semantic security against adaptive
chosen keyword attack (IND-CKA). The IND-CKA model
catches the instinctual notion that the datas of a document
are not revealed from its index and thus the indexes of
other documents apart from what an adversary
antecedently knows from former query results and other
channels.
The problem of searchable symmetric encryption, which
allows a client to store its data on a foreign server in
similar how that it can search over it during a private
manner.
Searchable encryption is an important cryptographic
primitive that's well motivated by the high demand of
cloud storage services. Any practical SSE scheme, still,
should satisfy certain properties like sublinear (and
preferably optimal) hunt, adaptive security, conciseness
and thus the capability to support addition and omission
of lines.
( 7) The premise of this work is that in order
to give truly practical SSE results one must accept a
particular degree of leakage; thus, the idea is to realize a
suitable balance between performance and leakage, with
formal analysis assuring upper bounds on such leakage.
These results strike such a practical balance by offering
performance that scales to veritably large data bases;
supporting search in both structured and textual data with
general Boolean queries; and confining leakage to
penetrate (to encrypted data) patterns and a limited
query- term iteration only, with formal analysis defining
and proving the precise boundaries of leakage.
(11) The paper provides the conditions of the
responsibility in cloud storage during their long- term
preservation according to the data security proposition
and subdivides the responsibility into the authenticity,
integrity, trustability and utility of electronic records in
cloud storage. Also, the technology of blockchain,

validations of retrievability, the open archival
information system model and erasure code are taking
up to safeguard these four security attributes, to
guarantee the credibility of the electronic record.
(12) This paper has proposed a blockchain- assisted
security framework for distributed cloud storage. The
proposed armature has been compared with other two
traditional frameworks in terms of security and network
transmission slow down. Derived on the simulation
hypotheticals use during this paper, the file loss rate of
the suggested framework performs well than other two
traditional frameworks on the par.
3. PROPOSED WORK
In this project we proposed a new technique in which
the documents will be maintained on cloud server and
the keywords
will be maintain on crucial garçon independently. To
distribute keys, we use blockchain technology. Along
with keys we will maintain sale in blockchain. This
design is a combination of consolidated as well as
distributed storehouse. To cipher document, we
proposed AES algorithm. AES algorithm is a
symmetric algorithm and cipher document using
cache key.
Data Flow Diagram
1. The above illustration illustrates the data inflow
illustration, It contain different method, conduct,
user, etc. The new users can conduct multiple
functions like Register as new client, login, hunt
for the documents, can purchase document by
performing bitcoin sale, upload their own
documents, images, etc. Admin have different type
of functions to perform like login, maintain service
charges per user, payment shadowing, rent
computations etc. Once the stoner uploads an
document it get translated performs some internal
action Algorithm for encrypting documents on cloud
server: Advanced Encryption Algorithm (AES):
Steps:
1) Obtain the set of round keys from the ciphertext.
2) Initiate the state array with the block data(plaintext).
3) Sum the initial round key to the starting state array.
4) Execute nine rounds of state manipulation.
5) Execute the tenth and final round of state
manipulation.
6) Imprint the final state array out as the encrypted
data(ciphertext).
AES algorithm Steps
2. Algorithm for encryption of the document keywords:
Caesar Algorithm:
Steps:
1) Traverse the whole given text one character at a time.
2) For each cross character, transform the given
character as per the rule and regulation, depending on
whether that we are encrypting or decrypting the text.
3) Return the new string generated.

Flowchart for AES Algorithm
Databases
MySQL is free and open- source software under the
terms of the GNU General Public License, and is also
available under a variety of particularly licenses.
MySQL was held and patronized by the Swedish
company MySQL AB, which was bought by Sun
Microsystems now Oracle Corporation.2010, when
Oracle bought Sun, Widenius diverged the open-source
MySQL design to produce MariaDB. MySQL can also be
run on cloud computing platforms such as Microsoft
Azure, Amazon EC2, Oracle Cloud framework. In this
application, cloud users can upload a machine image of
their own with MySQL installed, or use a ready-made
machine image with an optimized installation of MySQL
on it, similar as the one provided by Amazon EC2.
4. Conclusion
In this Project, secure encryption algorithms with
blockchain assisted technology operation for key
management has been presented to prevent document
leakage from cloud service provider and any other third-
party intruder. Also, we presented the use of secure
blockchain in transaction management as well as in key
management securely. We have showed that the security
of the proposed architecture by using blockchain assisted
key storage scheme. Therefore, it can be concluded that
the proposed framework is very secure and cost efficient
for those who wants to store and share their documents
with other users securely.
5. References
[1]. D. Song, D. Wagner, and A. Perrig, “Practical
techniques for searches on encrypted data,” in Proc. of
IEEE S&P, 2000, pp. 44–55.
[2]. Y. Chang and M. Mitzenmacher, “Privacy
preserving keyword searches on remote encrypted data,”
in Proc. of ACNS, vol. 5, 2005, pp. 442–455.
[3]. E. Goh, “Secure indexes,” Cryptology ePrint
Archive, report 2003/216, 2003.
[4]. R. Curtmola, J. Garay, S. Kamara, and R. Ostrovsky,
“Searchable symmetric encryption: Improved definitions
and efficient constructions,” in Proc. of ACM CCS, 2006, pp.
79–88.
[5]. S. Kamara, C. Papamanthou, and T. Roeder, “Dynamic
searchable symmetric encryption,” in Proc. of ACM CCS,
2012, pp. 965–976.
[6]. F. Hahn and F. Kerschbaum, “Searchable encryption
with secure and efficient updates,” in Proc. of ACM CCS,
2014, pp. 310–320.
[7].
D.Cash,S.Jarecki,C.Jutla,H.Krawczyk,M.Ros¸u,andM.Steiner,
“Highly-scalable searchable symmetric encryption with
support for boolean queries,” in Proc. of CRYPTO, 2013,
pp. 353–373.
[8]. H. Li, Y. Yang, T. H. Luan, X. Liang, L. Zhou, and X. Shen,
“Enabling fine-grained multi-keyword search supporting
classified sub-dictionaries over encrypted cloud data,”
IEEE Trans. Dependable and Secure Computing, vol. 13,
no. 3, pp. 312–325, 2016.
[9]. C. Chen, X. Zhu, P. Shen, J. Hu, S. Guo, Z. Tari, and A. Y.
Zomaya, “Anefficient privacy- preserving ranked keyword
search method,” IEEE Trans. Parallel and Distributed
Systems, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 951– 963, 2016.
[10]. H. Li, Y. Yang, Y. Dai, J. Bai, S. Yu, and Y. Xiang,
“Achieving secure and efficient dynamic searchable
symmetric encryption over medical cloud data,” IEEE
Trans. Cloud Computing, accepted 2017, to appear, doi.
10.1109/TCC.2017.2769645.
[11]. Zhiliang Deng 1, 2 ,Yongjun Ren3, 4 , Yepeng Liu3, 4 ,
Xiang Yin5 , Zixuan Shen3, 4 and Hye-Jin Kim6,
*”Blockchain-Based Trusted Electronic Records
Preservation in Cloud Storage”
[12]. Jiaxing Li, Jigang Wu, Long Chen, Block-Secure:
Blockchain Based Scheme for Secure P2P Cloud Storage,.

REVIEW ON IMPLEMENTING BLOCKCHAIN ASSISTED PUBLIC KEY ENCRYPTION TECHNIQUE IN CLOUD COMPUTING FOR SECURING DOCUMENTS

More Related Content

Similar to REVIEW ON IMPLEMENTING BLOCKCHAIN ASSISTED PUBLIC KEY ENCRYPTION TECHNIQUE IN CLOUD COMPUTING FOR SECURING DOCUMENTS (20)

More from IRJET Journal (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

REVIEW ON IMPLEMENTING BLOCKCHAIN ASSISTED PUBLIC KEY ENCRYPTION TECHNIQUE IN CLOUD COMPUTING FOR SECURING DOCUMENTS