Smart Cities using Big Data Analytics

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 08 | Aug -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1615
Smart Cities using big data Analytics
K.Susmitha1, S. Jayaprada 2
1Student (M.Tech), Velagapudi Ramakrishna Siddhartha Engineering College, Kanuru, Vijayawada.
2Assistant Professor, Velagapudi Ramakrishna Siddhartha Engineering College, Kanuru, Vijayawada.
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Abstract - Many Governments are adoptingthesmartcities
and implementing big data applications to reach the required
level of sustainability and improve the living standards.Smart
cities utilize multiple technologies to improvethehigherlevels
of comfort to their citizens. Smart cities involve reducing
resource consumption and costs in addition to more actively
and effectively engaging with their citizens. One the new
technologies enhance big data as smart cities. It has become a
part of everyday life, data collection accumulation of huge
amounts of data that can be used in beneficial domains.
Utilization and effective analysis of big data is a key factor for
success in many service and business domains. This paper
reviews the smart cities based on application of big data. It
compares and discusses different definition, challenges,
benefit, Application of big data and smart cities. This paper
reviews that several opportunities are available for utilizing
big data in smart cities.
Key Words: Application of Smart cities, Application of
Big data, Analytics, Smart Education.
1. INTRODUCTION
Undoubtedly, the main strength of the big data is
gathering the huge amount of data; it will have numerous
aspects of the smart cities. Big data growing rapidly,
currently at a projected rate of 40 % growth in the
amount of global data generated per year versus only 5 %
growth in global IT spending. Around 90 % of the world’s
digitized data was captured over just the past Five years. As
per results many governments have started to utilize the big
data to development and sustainability of smart cities. That
allowed cities to maintain standards, requirement,
applications, and principals of smart cities. The
characteristics of smart citiesincluderesilience,governance,
sustainability, enhanced quality of life and intelligent of
natural resources. There are well-defined components of
smart cities, such as environment, mobility, health care,
governance and people as well as its applications and
services such as smart education, energy,transportation and
health care [2].To facilitate such applications and storage
facilities and largecomputational servicesrequired.Oneway
to provide such plat from is Cloud Computing and utilize the
many advantages of using cloud services to support big data
in smart cities management. The main contribution of this
paper is application of big data in smart cities opportunities
and challenges for utilizing big data in smart cities. In this
paper design and implementation of big data based on
application of smart cities and services.
In this Section1 introducing concepts of big data, smart
cities. Section 2 we will discuss the benefits and
Opportunities of smart cities in big data. Section 3 will
discuss challenges of using big data in smart cities. Section 4
Requirements to implement smart cities applications based
on big data. Section 5 we will illustrate and discuss some
open that may help to other research in the fields and
Section 6 we will conclude the paper.
2. BACKGROUND
The smart cities concept has different from the
technological perspective versus people perspective. It
defines a developed urban area that creates high quality of
lifeand economic development in multiple keyareas,people,
living, environment, government and mobility. The
enhancement of the quality of life for particular city citizens
to utilize information form particular hardware, software,
networks and data on different city service and areas. It also
involves various city components like transportation, health
care, natural resources, power, education and public safety.
We can integrate a smart city as living solution that links
many lives such as transportation, andbuildingsinasmartto
improve the quality of smart cities. In additiondefinitionalso
focuses on the future of resource and applications for future
generations. We observed this aspect on each location, size
and resources. In general governments around the worldare
mostly about the cost of acquiring a smart city due to
financial abilities, natural or human and resource
management.CapabilitiesandAvailabilityofsizeofresources
and challenges of maintaining and building a smart city. The
technical challenges requiring the affects the chances of
success. Multiple resources are generated from database
resulting in the formation of what is exactly known as big
data. Data setsare around useverywhere,smartphones,GPS,
environmental sensors, computers and even people various
application like games, advertising applications, digital
pictures, social media sites and many more accelerate data
from past few years.[2,7].

Fig 1: Cloud to store data generated from different
components of a smart city.
SAS: “Big data is a used to describe the availability,
information, both structured and unstructured growth” [7]
IBM: ”Data coming from everywhere like sensors, climate
information, pictures and videos, transaction records, social
media, GPS signals”[7]
Big data stored large amount of data whether it is structured
or unstructuredand disorganized [20]Big data is a fromdata
is processing is the form of traditional database [20]
Big data systems will store huge amount of data, store
information in efficient manner to produce information to
enhance smartcityservices.By this information big data will
help administrator to plan for any expansion in smart cities,
areas and resources.
Fig 2: Smart Cities related to Big data
Some characteristics of big data [8].
Volume: The size of data that has beencreatedfromdatasets.
Velocity: The speed at which data is stored, processed,
analyzed, generated. It will support in real-time Big data
management systems.
Variety: The different typesofdatabeinggeneratedthatmost
data is unstructured and cannot be easily tabulated or
categorized.
However,boundedbythetoolsavailableandtechnology
available. For Big data to achieve its services and goals in
smart cities, it needs the right tools and methods to classified
and analyzed efficiently and effectively. By understanding
available limitations and capabilities, we can capture many
for better application and services for smart cities using big
data.
3. BENEFITS AND OPPORTUNITIES
Currently, many cities to be smart cities because of
benefits like environmentally, economically and analysis.
Therefore wewill discusssoofthebenefitsandopportunities
that may help to covert our city as smart city. By this benefits
and opportunities we can re-design our city as smart city. By
using benefitsand opportunities to wecan achieveenhanced
levels of sustainability, governance and resilience. We can
improve the quality of life and natural resource and
introducing intelligent management of infrastructure
Some of the benefits of having a smart city include the
following:
Fig 3: Benefits of Smart City.
Efficient resource utilization: Resource become a either
scarce or very expensive, it ismore controlled utilizationand
integratesolutions of theseresources.Technologicalsystems
such as Enterprise resource planning and Geographic
Information systems. Monitoring system, it will be easier to
spot waste points distributed resources while reducing
energy and controlling energy and natural resources. Smart
cities applications designed for inter connectivity and data
collections which collaborate for services and applications.

Better Quality of life: With better efficient work, services
and living models, smart cities will have better Quality oflife.
The result of location and living/work spaces, more
transportation for better and faster services and enough
availability of information to make decision.
Higher levels of transparency and openness: Needs for
better control and managementofthesmartcityapplications
and aspects, openness and inter-operability to higher levels.
These will communication and collaboration between
creating and entities more services and applications to
enhance the smart city. The government and citizens entities
to exchange and use the data effectively.
These benefits to be achieved involvement in terms of
the application and required high levels of sophistication,
people and resource involved there is also need to set a high
quality, privacy, control and high security of the data as well
as using data documentation standards to provide guidance
on the use of contents and data sets [10].
The technology is every useful to protection and
management of environmental resources andinfrastructure,
and Sustainability to increases a goal of natural resources
[11].Smartcitiesapplicationprovidethepotentialapplication
in big data [8].It provides better services and experience
which help business with better performance in big data
analytic. Improving health care by preventive care services,
diagnosis, treatment tools, and health-care management.
Transportation to optimize schedules and route,
environmentally friendly and accommodate for varying
demands.
Big data and cloud will help many issues like storage,
analysis tools. It will reach the encourage collaboration and
innovation stages and communicate with differententitiesof
smart cities. This will be done by big data communities to
work as creative solutions and collaborative applications for
areas like environments, safety energy, law, manufacturing
and education. Big data will be help in real-time solutions to
challenges in crowd management, transportation and
agriculture. There are many real -time examples in smart
cities using Big data application such as:
Fig 4: Real-Time Example of Smart cities using Big Data.
Smart Education: Information and communication
technology and Big data will also help a create a knowledge
based knowledge based society which will help the
competitiveness and capability. Big data in education is
mainly by collecting data from people like students,teachers,
parents, administrators, infrastructurelikeschools,libraries,
educational locations, teachers, museums, universities and
information like courses, exams, books, economics, reports
and more. Data will create a useful resource to analysis and
extracting information to better enhanced education. As an
example data supports educational personal learning
[14],”createpractice and standardize of knowledge” [15].Big
data in education can also be utilized in educational
curriculum.
Smart traffic lights: When population increases, pollution,
economics problems,trafficproblemshappens.Smarttraffics
lights and signals is one of the most important techniques
that smart cities deals with high volumes of congestion and
traffics. Smart signals and lights interconnected with traffic
grids about traffic patterns. Sensor detects a different
parameters of traffic flow like traffic jams, speeds of cars,
waiting time at the lights, speed of cars. The system
parameters give these parameters and gives signals and
lights.
Smart grid: In smart city importantcomponentissmartgrid.
To collect information form electrical grid systems. It
improves reliability, economics, and efficiency of electric
power. A smart is two-way communication technology uses
in computer based remote controls. This involves placing
smart sensors and meters on distribution, production and
transmission in real time data about the current power
consumption and faults. It can provide consumers with near
real-time information of energy and allows them in both
needs and affordable prices. Consumer’s devices like water
heaters and washing machines can be more cost to
controlling them automatically at low pricing period.
4. CHALLENGES
Many challenges face the development, design and
deployment of smart cities using big data Analysis. Smart
cities considering environments and dynamic, these
challenges involved in development and design for smart
cities. These are related to available big data tools, cost, and
accessibility, representation, analytic and real-time analytic.
Some of key Challenges for smart cities using big data:
Data source and characteristics:Bigdataisgeneratedfrom
many differentformatsandmanydifferentsources.Thereare
many data formatsWhichareunstructured(Eg:Audio,Video,
Server logs, etc..)This data classified and managed into a
structured format usingadvanceddatabasesystems.Bigdata
generates very approaches and complex models and make it
hard to manage. Data mining tools can’t be handle the large
size and complexity. Collecting data by itself is complex by

existence of multiple sources with different access polities
and usage and with different types and formats. The data of
unstructured nature organize and categorize the data and
easily accessible to use.
Data and information sharing: Sharing information and
data among different city is challenge. Each city and
government agency or department typically has their own
warehouse and public information. Here we will collect our
data based on ensuring citizens right of privacy in big data
analysis. Here wehave manysectors and industries involved
in smart cities. Smart city application need to prevent to
achieve seamless information. It is easy to identifydatainbig
data her, we can extract, transform, loading information
through new knowledge based on specific dataandreal-time
data.
Data Quality: Big data provide a data quality, data captured
by different people under any standardformatsandstoredin
distinctive database. Multipledata will besuffersfromlackof
heterogeneity, consistency and disparity issues will occur.
Accordingly,” there is no universal way to transform and
retrieve the data source fro useful analysis”. For example,
sensor data collected through a third party without
centralized control of sensors data.
Security and privacy: Another important issues is security
and privacy, is majorchallenges in smartcitiesusingbigdata.
In these database include confidential information related
people and government, we should want high security and
privacy issues. We should have to protected data from
malicious attacks. These application should require high
security until data move to another type database or
network. Today most of big data analytic includes Cassandra
and Hadoop and Map reduce functions to perform lack of
security. The components of smart city application provide
clearly of privacy rights of individual and organization data
will be represent. All of information like, Medical records,
bank records, financial records all records will be view by
people. This is the major challenge using in the big data in
smart cities.
Cost: Cost is a sensitive subject that affects public when they
use ICT (Information and communication technology)
solutions. For example, using energy reduction [11],
components or features to record information.
Here, it is very expensivetoimplement[16],resultsvery
high costs, and the city may [7] be affected. Testing of smart
cities and smart signal systems has very high cost. Testing is
not only high costs in resources also a traffic problems and it
is physically deployed in testing systems [16]. It is also
expensive in hardware and software for future monitoring
and development of smart cities applications and
infrastructure [11].
Smart city population: People effect on the smart city
application because big data size effect for effect fro a city's
population size. Size of the population grows because size of
data rapidly grows. If population increases rapidly growth
will be generated on traffic, social, economics, technical,
problems, pollution and environment ofacities[12].Bigdata
avoid problems based on smart city applications quickly and
effectively handle the growing in the volumeandvariety.The
goal is develop and deploy smart city applications to handle
the growth in big data to better results.
5. REQUIREMENTS
The key componentsrequiredtoimplementsanddesign
the big data in smart cities application. Big data collects data
from sensors, electronic data reading, users to handle the
volume of rapidly growth. Processing, storingandorganizing
data. It is required to select the development and design in a
planned manner.
The application of Big data to smart cities is classified
into two types, real-time big data and offline big data
application. Real-timeBig data big dataarefasttoaccessdata
from database and we can make a decision with shot period
of timeline. In manycases, in timeline period onlyweshould
have to take an decision if we doesn't take an decision it is
useless. It is important to make an data from timely fashion
and that isanalysis to done in a fast and reliableway.Bigdata
applications for smart cities are planning in areas like health
care, traffic, education, controlsonreal-timeapplication[19].
Big data application based on smart cities, it is address
several requirement smart city nature needs and big data
characteristic. These requirements are identified based on
challenges of smart cities applications and based on big data
applications. These requirementsarerelatedtogovernments
and awareness roles. The requirement are apply to big data
applications and useful the smart city environments.
Advanced Algorithms: Big data can’t handle the regular
application due to unique requirement and applications and
need for high volume and speed. Big data cannot handle the
all the data mining algorithms .Big data algorithm are based
on limited and well defined data sets. Smart cities using Big
data application need to implement sophisticated and
advance algorithm will be excused in Big data analysis. Some
applications are designing for a real-time application and
another for offline applications. This algorithm based high
data volume and large data sets and decision making
processes to be optimizeddata.Thesealgorithmarebasedon
heterogeneous environments and capability of handle the
highly dynamic environments.
Open standard Technology: Advantages ofopenstandards
implementing and designing data large scale of
Heterogeneous data and systems in big data in smart cities
and it will be more flexibility for upgrading and maintaining

application for smart cities. To find the smart cities
application standardrulesapplicationsforinfrastructureand
environmentofbigdataapplication.Thegovernmententities,
infrastructure and stakeholders to assess futures of smart
cities [10].We can design and development for smart cities
through big data applications.
Security and Privacy: The data collected and processed in
smart cities will contain in a from private information to
ensuretheapplicationsandtechnologicalandmaintainahigh
level of security and privacy mechanisms. Smart cities
providemany positive advantages; it posesseveralthreatsto
their relying data. It will secure our data from illegal attacks
or malicious attacks. Big data application provide security
and privacy policies design during develop and
implementation of codes.
Citizen Awareness: Citizen aware to use ICT solutions for
smart cities safely and correctly. The different issues may
encounter with smart cities applications quality of data
collection, performance ofdataapplications.Basedonresults
decision making made from collected data to enhance smart
cities components in big data applications.Citizenawareness
is important role in their knowledge of good safety, privacy
and security. Big data will be protecting and awareness of
their own data.
Government Roles: Smart cities in Governing entitiesmuch
guiding principles of collaboration, participation to
exchanging flow of big data in control [10].It requires a big
data systems to collected data from government entities. It
required essential role in a smart cities. The government
must review the information on privacy, data accuracy, data
access and preservation[10].Documentationandcodebooks
are use of the data sets [10]. Effectively Big data application
help in smart cities beneficial uses of data individual privacy
concepts of privacy laws.
6. DISCUSSION AND OPEN ISSUES
The essential to reliable, clear plans for smart cities
beyond in stand-alone projects or reliable strategic smart
cities using big data analysis. Big data is viewed as stronger
enabler forsmart cities; these will be compare with different
data. Big data will be difficult to collect, store, manage and
analyze data. Great opportunity to create smart cities
applications effectively to data and tools to make decision.
Smart cities will use big data without their knowledge
understanding the smart cities and the needs for advances
big data and putting all these technology to start their
buildings in smart cities. Three categories to view big data:
”construction of application systems, public platforms for
smart city, public infrastructure” [20].The smart cities
requirements are physical, social and technological.
Creating road map for success of covering several stages:
1.Set up mission, vision, strategic and operational in smart
cities.
2.Big data will use resources, policies, principals and
controlling ICT.
3.Public infrastructure and ICT platform requires smart city
applications.
4.Most importantcomponentsandapplicationsusedinsmart
cities and it give priorities.
5.For Citizen Application infrastructure and services in big
data application develop better features.
6.Identify infrastructure and environmental improvements
and service to smart applications and operational and
services using data collected.
7.New requirements and issues are arising by further
development by monitoring current developments.
Information technology and ICT including Big data in smart
cities applications various entitiesare living in and usingit.It
is enough to include finance and resource to support and
develop through the various stages of smart citiesinbigdata.
Work and costs of projects include some of the following
activities:
1.Predictive and view forecast changesand possible changes
in the given problem. At least reduces risks involved through
testing and implementation.
2.Smart cities application in big data follows problematic
approaches and successful models.
3.Resource and exporting to marketing systems like smart
systems/service, data systems. In these more systems are
connected to smart city.
Correlation the investigating big data in smart applications.
Include right application to right data to reach better
optimize and decisions in the function of smart cities. Simple
diagram for values of studies:
Fig 5: To take decision-making to be smart cities in big
data.

7. CONCLUSION
Big data and smart cities are two important concepts
therefore many started integrated with develop smart cities
application with better resilience, effective governance,
enhanced quality of life, management of smart cities in
resources. Identify the general benefits of using smart cities
to design and support in big data. We discussed the various
opportunities available in smart cities and utilizing the
capabilities of datathroughoutcomesareoperations.Wealso
discussed the various challenges in domains and identified
several issues in big data application in smart cities.
Implementation and design efficient and effective
applications. Different ways to address the challenges to
resolve the generates and issues in better results. Finally
open issues to address and investigated to view smart cities
and develop them.
Deploying and building big data application in smart cities
successfully to address the challenges and open issues to
implement and design the human resources, Further
enhancing it smart cities application to better making
concepts, making a smart city with possible further it for a
service and models will be an sustainable goaland attainable
goals.
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