CablingTechnologies
- 1. Cabling Technologies - Infrastructure • Cat5e / Cat6 / Cat6a – Copper Cabling • OM1/OM2/OM3/OS1 – Fibre Optic Cabling • Data Cabinets • Structured Cabling • Standards www.swansea-itec.co.uk
- 2. Copper Cabling • Cat5e • Cat6 • Cat6a (Augmented) Speeds and Distances 100MB 1GB 10GB Cat5e 100m (90m) 100m (90m) Cat6 100m (90m) 100m (90m) 55m Cat6a 100m (90m) 100m (90m) 100m (90m) www.swansea-itec.co.uk
- 3. Fibre Optic Cabling • Introduction • Fibre Communication Systems • Fibre Optic Components • Fibre Optic Cable Construction – Fibre Optic Dimensions – Types of Fibre Optic Cabling – What is OM1,OM2,OM3 & OS1 fibre? – Common Fibre Optic Connectors www.swansea-itec.co.uk
- 4. Introduction • A fibre optic cable is a thin strand of glass, coated with a protective plastic jacket. A beam of light can be trapped within a fibre, so that the optical cable essentially becomes a pipe that carries light around corners. • Fibre optic networks can support high data rates. • Because light is not appreciably affected by electromagnetic fields, optical signals are immune to EMI/RFI/EMP (Electromagnetic Interference/ Radio Frequency Interference/ Electromagnetic Pulse). • Nearly all long-distance telecommunication lines are fibre optic. • The primary disadvantage of fibre optic cable is its cost. www.swansea-itec.co.uk
- 5. Fibre Communication Systems The basic model for a communication system includes a transmitter and receiver, connected by optical fibre cabling. The Fibre Optic Components Diagram below illustrates a generic fibre optic communication system. www.swansea-itec.co.uk
- 6. Fibre Optic Components Transmitter (TX)- A transmitter includes the following components: • Encoder • Light source • Connector The transmitter accepts digital electrical signals from a computer. A diode converts the digital code into a pattern of light pulses (on and off) that are sent out to the receiver through the optical fibre. There are two basic types of light sources for fibre optic systems: Light emitting diodes (LEDs) Laser diodes • use less power and are considerably less expensive than • used with single-mode fibre for long-distance lasers transmission. • can be used with multimode cable, • Laser light is more powerful • most common light source. WARNING: Never look into a fibre optic cable to see whether light is present. Receiver (RX)- A receiver converts the modulated light pulses back to The infrared laser light used in fibre optic electrical signals and decodes them. LANs is invisible; however, it can permanently damage your eyesight in an instant. www.swansea-itec.co.uk
- 7. Fibre Optic Cable Construction Optical fibre cable consists of three parts: • Core - A solid fibre of highly refractive clear glass that serves as the central conduit for light. • Cladding--A layer of clear glass with a lower index of refraction. When light travelling down the core reaches the boundary between the core and cladding, the change in refractive index causes the light to completely refract or bend back into the core. • Coating--A reinforced plastic outer jacket that protects the cable from damage. www.swansea-itec.co.uk
- 8. Fibre Optic Dimensions Fibre optic cable is very thin. Optical fibres are referred to by their core/cladding diameter measured in micrometres (µm) Sizes in perspective In comparison, a human hair is 1 metre = 1000 millimetres approximately 1mm = 1000 micrometres 50 µm thick Therefore: 1 µm = micron = 1 metre or 10-6 metres 1,000,000 www.swansea-itec.co.uk
- 9. Fibre Optic Dimensions • Fibre optic cable is specified in terms of its core and cladding diameter. • Each fibre optic core conducts light in one direction only. Therefore, to send and receive, devices are usually connected by two fibre optic strands. • Fibre cables can also consist of several bundles (4 – 24 fibres). For example, the most common type of fibre optic cable for LAN installations is 62.5/125 µm cable, where 62.5 refers to the core diameter and 125 refers to the cladding diameter. www.swansea-itec.co.uk
- 10. Types of Fibre Optic Cable Fibre optic cable is available in two types: • Multimode fibre is wide enough to carry more than one light signal. (Each signal is called a "mode.") • Single-mode fibre is thin and can carry only one light signal. www.swansea-itec.co.uk
- 11. What is OM1,OM2,OM3 & OS1 fibre? Fibre Size 100MB Ethernet 1GB Ethernet 10GB Ethernet 40GB Ethernet OM1 (62.5/125) Up to 550 220 metres 33 metres Not specified metres OM2 (50/125) Up to 550 550 metres 82 metres Not specified metres OM3(50/125) Up to 550 550 metres 300 metres 100 metres metres OM4 (50/125) Up to 550 550 metres 500 metres 150 metres metres OS1 (9/125) 2km – 40km 2km – 40km 2km – 40km Not specified (singlemode) www.swansea-itec.co.uk
- 12. Common Fibre Connections • SC - Subscriber Connector / Square Connector • ST - Straight Through / Straight Tip • MTRJ - Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack • LC - Local Connector / Little Connector / Lucent Connector www.swansea-itec.co.uk