Lesson 2 properties of water ppt
- 1. Warmup Read pg. 20 and answer #1 at bottom of page
- 2. Water
- 3. Properties of Water • Polar molecule • Cohesion and adhesion • Density – solid less dense than liquid • Universal solvent of life • Viscosity
- 4. Polarity of Water • In a water molecule two hydrogen atoms form single polar covalent bonds with an oxygen atom. Gives water more structure than other liquids – Because oxygen is more electronegative, the region around oxygen has a partial negative charge. – The region near the two hydrogen atoms has a partial positive charge. • A water molecule is a polar molecule with opposite ends of the molecule with opposite charges.
- 5. • Water has a variety of unusual properties because of attractions between these polar molecules. – The slightly negative regions of one molecule are attracted to the slightly positive regions of nearby molecules, forming a hydrogen bond. – Each water molecule can form hydrogen bonds with up to four neighbors. Fig. 3.1 Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
- 6. HYDROGEN BONDS • Hold water molecules • Extraordinary Properties together that are a result of hydrogen • Each water molecule can bonds. – Cohesive behavior form a maximum of 4 – Resists changes in hydrogen bonds temperature • The hydrogen bonds – High heat of vaporization joining water molecules – Expands when it freezes are weak, about 1/10th as – Versatile solvent strong as covalent bonds. • They form, break, and reform with great frequency
- 7. • Copy down table on pg 37 on a sheet of paper “Classwork Lesson 2) – Fill in table for #7 and answer #8
- 8. Organisms Depend on Cohesion • 2 H2O molecules held together by H bonds. • responsible for the transport of the water column in plants • Cohesion among water molecules plays a key role in the transport of water against gravity in plants. – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=45yabrnryX k&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1 &safe=active • Adhesion: clinging of one substance to another. – why we see meniscus in lab – why a gecko can walk up walls
- 9. • Surface tension, a measure of the force necessary to stretch or break the surface of a liquid, is related to cohesion. – Water has a greater surface tension than most other liquids because hydrogen bonds among surface water molecules resist stretching or breaking the surface. – Water behaves as if covered by an invisible film. – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=45yabrnryXk& safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe= active Fig. 3.3
- 10. Density of Water The density of water: 1. Prevents water from freezing from the bottom up. 2. Ice forms on the surface first—the freezing of the water releases heat to the water below creating insulation so fish and others can survive in cold climates under ice. • How would the ocean ecosystem be different if ice didn’t have this property?
- 11. Density and Marine Organisms • Read pgs. 44-46 and answer #14-16 on classwork paper
- 12. Solvent for Life • Solution – Solute – solvent • Aqueous solution • Hydrophilic – Ionic compounds dissolve in water – Polar molecules (generally) are water soluble- NaCl • Hydrophobic – Nonpolar compounds- like oil
- 13. Viscosity and Temperature • Viscosity- ability of liquids to flow – “thickness” water is less viscous than honey – At higher temperatures, water has low viscosity, it flows easier
- 14. Why is the sea salty? • Read pg. 38 and you’ll find out. Put your answer on classwork paper
- 15. • On your classwork paper, with your groups do the Evaluate questions 1-4 on page 47 • Bring comp. notebook to class next class for Lab #4