Ldb Convergenze Parallele_18
- 1. Nanotech applications in Bioengineering • Giampaolo Mistura • Laboratorio di Fisica delle Superfici e delle Interfacce • Dipartimento di Fisica G.Galilei, Università di Padova
- 2. Università di Padova Founded in 1222. Galileo Galilei taught at Padova between 1592 and 1604. Currently there are about 60,000 students Physics department: more than 80 faculty members Anatomical theatre, 1594 Cattedra di Galileo Convergenze Parallele, Ecotekne, Lecce, 10-11/10/2013
- 3. Outline •Introduction •DNA detection in nanopores •Nanoparticles •Biomimetism Convergenze Parallele, Ecotekne, Lecce, 10-11/10/2013 •Electroporation
- 4. Biological engineering or bioengineering is the application of concepts and methods of engineering (derived from physics, chemistry, mathematics, computer science…) to (human) biology and medicine Biomedical devices and sensors Biomedical imaging Medical therapy Tissue engineering Synthethic biology … Biomimetism Bioengineering Convergenze Parallele, Ecotekne, Lecce, 10-11/10/2013
- 5. •Nanoparticles Convergenze Parallele, Ecotekne, Lecce, 10-11/10/2013
- 6. Nanoparticles Convergenze Parallele, Ecotekne, Lecce, 10-11/10/2013 A nanoparticle is considered a particle having a size 10-100 nm. It is much smaller than a typical cell (~µm) and comparable with the size of proteins. Potentially, it is the ideal probe-tool to access the biological material at the subcellular level. Applications of nanoparticles in biomedicine: • Fluorescent labelling • Protein detection • Probing of DNA structure • MRI contrast enhancement • … • Cancer treatment • Drug delivery • Tissue engineering • …
- 7. Bio-nanoparticles Convergenze Parallele, Ecotekne, Lecce, 10-11/10/2013 To be used as bio probes-tools nanoparticles are multilayered objects having many degrees of complexity Physical level: Core Properties: size, shape (spherical, disk, tubular), material (metallic, magnetic, polymeric, inorganic) Biochemical level: Outer functional layers Functions: protection, biocompatibility, recognition, detection, signalling
- 8. Targeted nanoparticle BIND-014 Convergenze Parallele, Ecotekne, Lecce, 10-11/10/2013 Core: polymeric biodegradable material containing the chemo drug Outer coating: i) targeting molecules that recognize the protein PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen), found abundantly on the surface of most prostate tumor cells as well as many other types of tumors ii) polyethylene glycol molecules, which keep the nanoparticles from being rapidly destroyed by macrophages Langer et al, PNAS 2012 BIND Biosciences
- 9. •DNA detection in a nanopore Convergenze Parallele, Ecotekne, Lecce, 10-11/10/2013
- 10. Coulter counter Convergenze Parallele, Ecotekne, Lecce, 10-11/10/2013 It is an apparatus for counting and sizing particles (cells, bacteria, virus…) suspended in electrolytes. It consists of one or more microchannels that separate two chambers containing electrolyte solutions. As fluid containing particles or cells is drawn through each microchannel, each particle causes a brief change to the electrical resistance of the liquid. The counter detects these changes in electrical resistance
- 11. Nanopore in a polymeric chip Convergenze Parallele, Ecotekne, Lecce, 10-11/10/2013 Fluidic chip made in PDMS Fanzio et al, Lab Chip 2011
- 12. Fabrication chip Convergenze Parallele, Ecotekne, Lecce, 10-11/10/2013 Fluidic chip made in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Fanzio et al, Lab Chip 2011 Advantages PDMS • Elastomeric • Low viscosity • Low surface energy Easy and faithful casting • Optical transparency • Air permeable • Biocompatibility • Low cost
- 13. Nanopore as a DNA detector Convergenze Parallele, Ecotekne, Lecce, 10-11/10/2013 Solution containing DNA, 48.5 kbp Fanzio et al, Lab Chip 2011
- 14. •Electroporation Convergenze Parallele, Ecotekne, Lecce, 10-11/10/2013
- 15. Electroporation Convergenze Parallele, Ecotekne, Lecce, 10-11/10/2013 Electroporation is a physical method to increase the electrical conductivity and permeability of the cell membrane by the application of an external electric field. It is usually used in molecular biology to introduce substances into the cell, such as a molecular probe, a drug that can change the cell's function, a piece of DNA…
- 16. Electroporation in a polymeric chip Convergenze Parallele, Ecotekne, Lecce, 10-11/10/2013 Fluidic chip made in PDMS Chiara Nardin, Tesi UniPD, 2013
- 17. Electroporation tests Convergenze Parallele, Ecotekne, Lecce, 10-11/10/2013 Electroporation of CHO-K1 cells Chiara Nardin, Tesi UniPD, 2013
- 18. •Biomimetism Convergenze Parallele, Ecotekne, Lecce, 10-11/10/2013
- 19. Lotus leaves Convergenze Parallele, Ecotekne, Lecce, 10-11/10/2013
- 20. Lotus effect Lotus leaves are self-cleaning Convergenze Parallele, Ecotekne, Lecce, 10-11/10/2013 QUESTION What are the essential parameters behind this effect?
- 21. Convergenze Parallele, Ecotekne, Lecce, 10-11/10/2013 Which surface is more hydrophobic? From a static point of view, the larger the contact angle Θ, the more hydrophobic the surface is. However, for applications the dynamic response is what matters. In this case, the hysteresis ΔΘ = Θadv – Θrec is the key parameter Oner and McCarthy, Langmuir 2000
- 22. Convergenze Parallele, Ecotekne, Lecce, 10-11/10/2013 Lotus leaves Lotus effect is the result of -very low contact angle hysteresis thanks to a rough (at multiple length scales), hydrophobic (wax) surface which i)favors the entrapment of air underneath the drop (i.e. fakir drop or drop lying on an air cushion) ii) makes the contact line very tortuous and less stable -low adhesion of dust particles to a rough surface
- 23. Convergenze Parallele, Ecotekne, Lecce, 10-11/10/2013 Nanoimprinting of superhydrophobic surfaces A. Pozzato et al Microelectron. Eng., 2006,
- 24. Convergenze Parallele, Ecotekne, Lecce, 10-11/10/2013 Nanocasting of artificial Lotus leaves M. Sun et al Langmuir, 2005,
- 25. Convergenze Parallele, Ecotekne, Lecce, 10-11/10/2013 Hairy surfaces S. Varagnolo et al, in preparation Produced by nanocasting of PDMS in porous alumina matrices. PDMS hairs have height of ~200 nm and size of ~30 nm
- 26. Gecko Convergenze Parallele, Ecotekne, Lecce, 10-11/10/2013 Prof. Kellar Autumn, Lewis and Clark College
- 27. Convergenze Parallele, Ecotekne, Lecce, 10-11/10/2013 Geim et al, Nature Mater. 2003 Artificial Gecko feet
- 28. Convergenze Parallele, Ecotekne, Lecce, 10-11/10/2013 Gravitational force acts between any two masses (classical) 𝐹𝐺 = 𝐺 𝑚1 𝑚2 𝑟2 Van der Waals forces Van der Waals force acts between any two instantaneous electric dipoles (quantum) 𝐹𝑉𝑑𝑊~ − 1 𝑟7 Electrical force acts between any two charges (classical) 𝐹𝐸 = 𝐾 𝑞1 𝑞2 𝑟2 Sufficiently close to a surface, any object experiences an attractive Van der Waals force which decays as 1/r4 Sufficiently close means within about a micron
- 29. Convergenze Parallele, Ecotekne, Lecce, 10-11/10/2013 Similar to the natural gecko setal array, the microfiber array is a shear-controlled smart adhesive. Contact area increases with increased shear load and virtually disappears when shear load is removed, allowing for controlled attachment and detachment. Dry (Gecko) adhesives Prof. Ronald Fearing, UC Berkeley
- 30. Convergenze Parallele, Ecotekne, Lecce, 10-11/10/2013 Smart Gecko tape Prof. Ronald Fearing, UC Berkeley
- 31. CONCLUSIONS •Advances in bioengineering exploit nanotechnology for the realization of smart materials (including pharmaceuticals) and of powerful diagnostic tools •A key feature of all modern R&D, both at the industrial and university level, is its high interdisciplinarity MESCOLARSI/CONTAMINARSI FA BENE!!!! Convergenze Parallele, Ecotekne, Lecce, 10-11/10/2013
- 32. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Matteo Pierno Evandro Piccin D. Ferraro S. Varagnolo V. Schiocchet E. Chiarello D. Quagliati Paolo Sartori, Paolo Fantinel, Nicola Galvanetto, Valdo Chilese, Carlo Rigoni http://lafsi.fisica.unipd.it/ Convergenze Parallele, Ecotekne, Lecce, 10-11/10/2013
- 33. SPECIAL THANKS Mauro Sbragaglia, G Amati and Luca Biferale Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Tor Vergata, Roma Ciro Semprebon, Martin Brinkmann MPI for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Goettingen 2011 ERC Grant DroEmu and PRAT2012 MiNet, Padua University Convergenze Parallele, Ecotekne, Lecce, 10-11/10/2013