Presentation
- 1. 6th CLIL THE LANDFORMS OFTHE LANDFORMS OF SPAINSPAIN Spanish National ParksSpanish National Parks ENGLISH UNIT ONE SOCIAL SCIENCEENGLISH UNIT ONE SOCIAL SCIENCE BY KEVIN AND DANI
- 2. Table of Contents -Information about National Parks -TASKS (TITLE) -Excercise 1 -Excercise 2 -Excercise 3 -Excercise 4 -Excercise 5 Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Pages 5 to 8 Pages 9 to 40 Page 41
- 3. Information about National Parks Look this web page and this video. You can observe different landscapes about National Parks in Spain and what they offer us. “ Mountains and wetlands, beaches and forests, volcanoes, lava and lakes. Spain's 15 National Parks are distinctive for their variety, but above all, for their stunning ecological wealth. Nature takes centre stage in these unique areas, some of which have the UNESCO World Heritage designation. Would you like to get to know them better? Stretching from the Pyrenees to the Canary Islands, Spain's National Parks are well worth discovering. They cover a total of more than 325,000 hectares of land and have an immense natural and cultural value, all but untouched by man over the centuries, and enjoy special state protection. These areas all share some common features, such as their spectacular landscapes, although each National Park has its own special character which makes it unique and distinctive. Here we suggest a trip where you'll find a wide range of activities to suit all tastes and ages. Take good note. ” SPANISH NATIONAL PARKS: SEEING IS BELIEVING http://www.spain.info/en/reportajes/parques_nacionales_de_espana_ver_para_creer.html 1
- 4. TASKS 2
- 5. 1. What does “THE UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE DESIGNATION” mean? Explain it. A World Heritage Site is a landmark which has been officially recognized by the United Nations, specifically by UNESCO. Sites are selected on the basis of having cultural, historical, scientific or some other form of significance, and they are legally protected by international treaties. UNESCO regards these sites as being important to the collective interests of humanity. More specifically, a World Heritage Site is an already classified landmark on the earth, which by way of being unique in some respect as a geographically and historically identifiable piece is of special cultural or physical significance (such as either due to hosting an ancient ruins or some historical structure, building, city, complex, desert, forest, island, lake, monument, or mountain) and symbolizes a remarkable footprint of extreme human endeavour often coupled with some act of indisputable accomplishment of humanity which then serves as a surviving evidence of its intellectual existence on the planet. And with an ignoble intent of its practical conservation for posterity, but which otherwise could be subject to inherent risk of endangerment from human or animal trespassing, owing to unmonitored/uncontrolled/unrestricted nature of access or threat by natural or accelerated extinction owing to local administrative negligence, hence it would have been listed and demarcated by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) to have been identified or recognised and officially christened and internationally elevated through multilateral declaration by UNESCO as a universally protected zone. The list is maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 UNESCO member states which are elected by the General Assembly. 3
- 6. 2. How many National Parks are there in Spain? In Spain there are 15 national parks: -Picos de Europa -Ordesa y Monte Perdido -Cañadas del Teide -Caldera de Taburiente -Aigüestortes y Lago de San Mauricio -Doñana -Tablas de Daimiel -Timanfaya -Garajonay -Archipiélago de Cabrera -Cabañeros -Sierra Nevada -Islas Atlánticas de Galicia -Monfragüe -Sierra de Guadarrama 4
- 7. 3. What the National Parks in Spain offer to their visitors? Peaks of Europe:You can visit it with children. You can enjoy the landscape. You can travel with a guide. You also can do sports like canyoning, mountain biking,caving,canoeing and kayaking. Ordesa and Monte Perdido:You can travel a lot there. There are about 22 different routes and 3 different levels . You also can do sports like climbing,kayaking, and rafting. Peaks of Europe:You can visit it with children. You can enjoy the landscape. You can travel with a guide. You also can do sports like canyoning, mountain biking,caving,canoeing and kayaking. Ordesa and Monte Perdido:You can travel a lot there. There are about 22 different routes and 3 different levels . You also can do sports like climbing,kayaking, and rafting. 5
- 8. Cañadas del Teide: There’s a cable car. You can travel with a guide. And you can enjoy the landscape. There are more than 30 hiking trails. Caldera de Taburiente:You can camp. You can travel with a guide. Aigüestortes and Lago : You can walk in about 26 de San Mauricio different routes. You also can do mountain biking and climbing. Doñana: You can travel with a guide. You can make routes with horses and camels. Tablas de Daimiel: You can see birds and travel with a guide. You also can travel with a boat. 6
- 9. Timanfaya: You can travel with a camel. You can travel with a guide. Garajonay:You can see there a lot of reptiles. You can travel with a guide. You can watch a lot of birds. Archipiélago de Cabrera: It has a limitated number of visitants,so you have to reserve your day. You can go there on boat. You can travel with a guide. Cabañeros: You can ride a horse. You can travel with a guide. You can do sports like kayaking and climbing. Sierra Nevada: You can travel with a guide. You can ski and learn skiing there. 7
- 10. Monfragüe: You can travel with a guide and see birds. Sierra de Guadarrama: You can travel with a guide. You can enjoy the forest. You also can do sports like mountain biking, climbing,canyoning and rappelling. Every National Park in Spain offers a beautiful fauna and flora and you can be sure, that your vistit would be an adventure and you would be able to explore a lot of things. Islas Atlánticas de Galicia: It is possible to see whales,dolphins and seals. The activities there are strictly controled and regulated. You can do camping . 8
- 11. 4. In this web page you can find all the National Parks in Spain. Visit their pages, using google, and try to comment all of them. Use a photo for introducing each one and explain their special characteristics. 9
- 12. Picos de Europa The Picos de Europa was Spain’s first national park, initially called the National Park of the mountains of Cavadonga when it was established in July 1918. As one of the country’s most popular natural attractions, it is situated in the Cantabria mountain range, between Asturias, León and Cantabria and has been extended from less than 17,000 hectares to 67,127. It has the biggest limestone formation on Europe’s Atlantic coast and among its cliffs you can find the ibex, while in its forests you may come across wolves, roebuck and occasionally bears, watched from above by griffon vultures and golden eagles.The Picos de Europa contain many of world's deepest caves, including Torca del Cerro (−1589 m), Sima de la Cornisa (−1507 m), Torca los Rebecos (−1255 m) and Pozo del Madejuno (−1252 m). The Picos support a dwindling group of shepherds who move up from the valleys in the summer with their sheep, goats, cows, and an occasional pig. The area is famed for its piquant blue cheeses, such as Cabrales cheese and Picon Tresviso Bejes. 10
- 13. Our commentaries KEVIN: I like the photo of this park. But it is far away. I would like to go to this park. It has got a beautiful landscape. DANI:I like the Picos de Europa because it is big. 11
- 14. Ordesa y Monte Perdido Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park is a National Park situated in the Pyrenees of Huesca province, Aragon, An area of 21 square kilometres containing the Ordesa Valley was declared a National Park on 16 August 1918 by a Royal Decree. On 13 July 1982, it was enlarged to its current 156.08km² and its official name was changed to Parque nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido.On 13 July 1982, it was enlarged to its current 156.08km². Its high ground is arid and snowy, while below in the valleys there are forests, meadows, waterfalls and gullies. Towering over the park is the Monte Perdido massif at 3,355m with its Tres Sorores peaks (three sisters), which give way to the Ordesa valleys of Pinetam Añisclo and Escuaín.At elevations up to 1,500-1,700meters, there are extensive forests of beeches , Abies alba, pines , oaks , and a lesser extent of birches, ashes , willows . At higher elevations up to 2,000m, the mountain pine dominates. Up to 1,800m, bushes of boxwood are found. The Edelweiss , is one of the symbols of the National Park.The most important species of the Park was the bucardo which unfortunately went extinct in January 2000 in spite of preservation efforts.There are other species such as the marmot, boar and the Pyrenean Desman or water-mole, and great birds like the golden eagle, the bearded vulture, the griffon vulture, hawks, and the royal owl. 12
- 15. Our commentaries KEVIN:The photo is very beautiful. But I wouldn’t go to the Pyrenees. It’s very cold there. DANI:I like Ordesa and Monte Perdido, because I like waterfalls. 13
- 16. Cañadas del Teide National park status was declared on January 22, 1954, which was one of the third in Spain.The biggest and oldest national park in the Canary Islands and a world heritage site since 2007, this is not only the most visited of Spain’s national parks, it is also one of the most popular in Europe. Cañadas del Teide rears up from the center of the island and is one of the planet’s most spectacular examples of a volcanic ecosystem. Lava formations and caves create an extraordinary mix of colors and shapes. It boasts flora endemic to the area and a number of invertebrates.The lava flows on the flanks of Teide weather to a very thin, but nutrient and mineral rich soil that supports a diverse number of plant species. Vascular flora consists of 168 plant species, 33 of which are endemic to Tenerife.Forests of Canary Island pine occur from 1000–2100m, covering the middle slopes of the volcano, and having an alpine timberline 1000m lower than that of continental mountains of similar latitude. At higher altitudes, the Las Cañadas caldera provides sufficient shelter for more fragile species such as the Canary Island cedar , and the Canary Island pine to grow. The most dominant plant species in the Teide National Park are the Teide white broom , which has a white and pink flower; the Canary Island wallflower , which has white and violet flowers; and the Teide bugloss, whose red flowers form a pyramid up to 3m in height.The Teide daisy can be found at altitudes close to 3,600m above sea level. The Teide violet can be found right up to the summit of the volcano, making it the highest flowering plant in Spain.These plants are adapted to the tough environmental conditions on the volcano such as high altitude, intense sunlight, extreme temperature variations, and lack of moisture. The Teide National Park contains a huge range of invertebrate fauna, over 40% of which are endemic species, with 70 species only being found in the national park. The invertebrate fauna include spiders, beetles, dipterans, hemipterans, and hymenopterae.In contrast, Teide national park has only a limited variety of vertebrate fauna. Ten species of bird nest in the park. These include the blue chaffinch, Berthelot's pipit, the Atlantic canary , and a subspecies of kestrel .Three endemic reptile species are also found in the park – the Canary Island lizard , the Canary Island wall gecko , and the Canary Island skink .The only mammals native to the park are bats.Other mammals such as the mouflon, the rabbit, the house mouse, the black rat, the feral cat, and the Algerian hedgehog have all been introduced to the park. 14
- 18. Our commentaries KEVIN:It’s a very beautiful photo. But I wouldn’t go to the Teide. I think there’s a lot of lava accumulated and I am affraid that it could erupt in each moment. DANI:I don’t like Cañadas del Teide because it haven’t got green grass. 16
- 19. Caldera de Taburiente The caldera is about 8km across, and in places the walls tower 2000 m over the caldera floor. The highest point is the Roque de los Muchachos on the northern wall, at 2426 m altitude. Deep ravines and a network of mountain streams cross the Caldera de Taburiente, which is surrounded by forests of Canarian pine. This protected expanse of nature covers more than 4,600 hectares and is rich in plants and wildlife, with many endemic species.It was designated as a national park in 1954.The caldera originated some 2 million years ago, with a massive shield volcano about 20km in diameter. 17
- 20. Our commentaries KEVIN:It’s a small park. I would go to the caldera. DANI:I like Caldera de Taburiente because there are many different plants. 18
- 21. Aigüestortes and Lago de San Mauricio This National Park is the only one located in Catalonia.A wild mountain region in the Pyrenees, with peaks rising to 3017m (Besiberri Sud) and with nearly 200 lakes, many of them of glacial origin, the park comprises a core area of 141km2 and a buffer zone of 267km2 surrounding the park.The park has an elevation range of 1600 to 3000 metres and contains four major vegetation zones: lower montane, upper montane, subalpine and alpine.The fauna includes Pyrenean chamois, marmot, ermine, roe deer, among other mammals and numerous birds (black woodpecker, common crossbill, lammergeier, golden eagle).The park was created in 1955 after Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park, first Spanish national park in the Pyrenees in 1918. The park is mainly located in the comarques of Pallars Sobirà and Alta Ribagorça. Aigüestortes means ‘tortured waters’ in Catalan and refers to the high mountain streams of this natural wonderland. Meanwhile, San Mauricio, the most famous lake in the Pyrenees and former glacier found at 1,910m, has a small dam. Approximately 8% of the species of the park are endemic to the Pyrenees. Around 7% they are plants with boreo-alpine or artico-alpine distribution, with most of them having arrived in the Pyrenees during the last Ice Age. The most important group of the national park flora belongs to the Eurosiberian group, the typical species from central Europe.There are about 200 species of which two-thirds are birds. Some of the most important ones are capercaillie , rock ptarmigan , golden eagle, griffon vulture and bearded vulture . Also possible to see are black woodpecker , red-billed chough , wallcreeper , white-throated dipper , citril finch among others.Most representative mammal species are chamois , stoat, alpine marmot (which is not native), fallow deer and roe deer which were also introduced in the national park during the second half of the 20th century.Among the amphibians, the Pyrenean brook salamander is significant but not easy to spot. The common frog is more or less common. It's necessary to be aware of vipera aspis , a viper with a poisonous bite, but it does not usually attack without provocation.In the lakes and rivers, brown trout , the local trout, shares the region with other introduced species. 19
- 22. Aigüestortes and Lago de San Mauricio 19
- 23. Our commentaries KEVIN:I like Catalonia. I would go to Aigüestortes. But I think it’s also cold there. DANI:I like Aigüestortes and Lago de San Mauricio because there is a long river. 20
- 24. Doñana Doñana consists of a maze of waterways that wind through the provinces of Huelva, Sevilla and Cadiz. Besides the pines, virginal white sand beaches, spectacular cliffs and a complex of lakes that offers thousands of birds shelter, there are the incredible shifting dunes between Matalascañas and the mouth of the Guadalquivir, as well as the fossilized dune, Asperillo, more than 30m tall.It covers 543km2 , of which 135km2 are a protected area. It was established as a nature reserve in 1969 .Doñana National Park has a biodiversity that is unique in Europe.The park features a great variety of ecosystems and shelters wildlife including thousands of European and African migratory birds, fallow deer, Spanish red deer, wild boars, European badgers, Egyptian mongooses, and endangered species such as the Spanish imperial eagle and the Iberian lynx.The Doñana nature reserve includes both the Doñana National Park, established in 1969, and the Natural Park, created in 1989 and expanded in 1997, creating a buffer zone of protection under the management of the regional government. Doñana's large expanse of salt marsh is a breeding ground as well as a transit point for thousands of European and African birds (aquatic and terrestrial), and hosts many species of migratory waterfowl during the winter, typically up to 200,000 individuals. Over 300 different species of birds may be sighted there annually. Considered the largest nature reserve in Europe, several different scientific institutions have monitoring stations within its boundaries to ensure appropriate development of adjacent lands and conservation of the threatened species that inhabit it. The area was declared a World Heritage Site by Unesco in 1994.In July 2012, Unesco approved the extension of the Biosphere Reserve of Doñana from 77,260 hectares to over 255,000 hectares.There are 20 species of freshwater fish cataloged in the Park, 10 of amphibians, 13 of reptiles, 37 of mammals and 360 non-marine birds, of which 127 have nesting seasons in the park. 21
- 25. Our commentaries KEVIN:Doñana is very near to Málaga. I like flamingos.I would go to Doñana. DANI:I like Doñana because there are lots of different animals. 22
- 26. Tablas de Daimiel With just 3,000 hectares, Tablas de Daimiel is the smallest national park in Spain. It is a wetland on the La Mancha plain,a mainly arid area in the province of Ciudad Real.This is the last water table on the central plain of the peninsula, which has been formed by floods from the River Guadiana and the River Cigüela. Las Tablas de Daimiel are provided with two types of water making an unusual ecosystem: the Guadiana contributes fresh water, while its tributary the Gigüela is brackish.The fresh water of the Guadiana favors the growth of the Common Reed (Phragmites australis, Phragmites communis), and the briny water of the Gigüela favors the growth of the marshy vegetation, principally the Great Fen-sedge.The park's surface is 19.28km², and the highest inundation comprises around 17km 2.The only trees present are the Tamarisk (Tamarix gallica, Tamarix canariensis).We may find the European freshwater crayfish , that it was in the past abundant and an important source of income for Daimiel's families, today almost extinguished in these waters. After the introduction of the great predator that the Northern pike is, other autochthonous species like the Barbus , the Common carp , or the Chub are now endangered species.In the spring and the summer we may find amphibians and reptiles like the European tree frog , the Perez´s frog , the Common Toad , the Grass Snake or the water snake Natrix maura.Also we may find mammals like the European Polecat , the Red Fox, the European Otter , the Water Vole , as well as the ones that live in proximities of the wetlands: the European Rabbit , the Cape Hare and the Least Wease l . 23
- 27. Our commentaries KEVIN:It’s the smallest park in Spain. I wouldn’t go to Tablas de Daimiel. I think it’s very boring. DANI:I like Tablas de Daimiel because there is a river and a big variety of animals and plants. 24
- 28. Timanfaya It might look like the dead terrain of the moon, but according to the legend, Timanfaya’s soil is reborn. One of the few famous geological national parks in Spain, it is an example of recent volcanic activity; eruptions in 1730, 1736 and 1824 are responsible for its features produced by more than 25 volcanoes. The park has been colonized by lichens, which paint the red and black volcanic ash white, yellow and green.Timanfaya National Park is a Spanish national park in the southwestern part of the island of Lanzarote, Canary Islands. It covers parts of the municipalities Tinajo and Yaiza. The area is 51.07km2. The parkland is entirely made up of volcanic soil. The statue "El Diablo" by César Manrique is its symbol.In 1993, UNESCO designated a Biosphere reserve covering the whole of Lanzarote. The national park is one of the core areas of the biosphere reserve.Access to the park by the public is strictly regulated to protect the delicate flora and fauna. There are one or two footpaths, and a popular short route where one can visit by camel. There is a public car park from which one can tour the volcanic landscape by coach using a road that is otherwise closed to the public. 200 species inhabit Timanfaya, among which a percentage close to 50% corresponds to invertebrates. Of the total number of species cited, 24 are protected in one of the categories included in the current legislation. 25
- 29. Our commentaries KEVIN:It’s like a desert with craters. I think it is very hot there. I wouldn’t go to Timanfaya. DANI:I don’t like Timanfaya because there is sand. 26
- 30. Garajonay Garajonay National Park is located in the center and north of the island of La Gomera, one of the Canary Islands . It was declared a national park in 1981 and a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1986. It occupies 40km2 and it extends into each of the six municipalities on the island.The park is named after the rock formation of Garajonay, the highest point on the island at 1,487 m . It also includes a small plateau whose altitude is 790-1,400 m above sea level.The mist from the coast of the canary isle of La Gomera gathers on the top of the island, creating a humid environment for the thick forests that thrive here in a tertiary ecosystem that no longer exists in the rest of Europe. A UNESCO world heritage site, the national park occupies 11% of the island and is home to endemic species as well as spectacular geological formations, such as Los Roques. Its name comes from a Romeo and Juliet-style legend in which two youngsters called Gara and Jonay killed themselves for love.Although named as a single type of forest, the national park englobes several varieties of forests. Most humid and protected valleys oriented to the North have the richest and most complex forests. It is known as valley laurisilva, a true subtropical rainforest where the largest laurel trees can be found. At higher altitudes, with less protection from wind and sun, the forest loses some of its more delicate species. Here it is called slope laurisilva . At the south the forest is mainly a mix of beech and heather, species adapted to the less humid atmosphere.Many of the species of flora and fauna are endemic to the Macaronesian islands, the Canary Islands or La Gomera, and the Garajonay forest harbors a rich biota of understory plants, invertebrates, and birds and bats, including a large number of endemic species.Two species of reptile, Gomeran lizard and Gomeran skink, can be found. Amphibians include the stripeless tree frog.The park is renowned as one of the best places to observe the two Canarian endemic pigeons, laurel pigeon and Bolle's pigeon . 27
- 31. Our commentaries KEVIN:It’s far away,but it is very green there. I would go to Garajonay. DANI:I like Garajonay because it is very green. 28
- 32. Archipiélago de Cabrera This shoreline national park belongs to Palma de Mallorca and consists of a mass of small islands that have managed to conserve their Mediterranean ecosystem. With endemic flora such as Balearic astragalus, this park is home to colonies of seabirds – it has been denominated a ZEPA (Special Protection Zone for Birds) and has one of the best-conserved seabeds on the coast.The park covers 100 km2 ,though 87 km2 is covered by water.The highest point is Na Picamosques (172 m).There is no permanent population, but there might be at any given time just under 100 National Park staff members and other personnel on the islandsCabrera Archipelago National Park is a restricted cruising destination, and boats may anchor only in the island's natural harbour or during the day in one other specified area. Many species survive on Cabrera that are rare in other parts of the Balearics, such as dolphins, sea snails and the very unusual black lizard. Diving is strictly limited and a license allows for a one-day visit only. Excursions to the island are a rare event and are treasured by the diving community. Hiking possibilities are abundant generally on organised tours, although both the castle and the lighthouse can be accessed unsupervised. There is a small visitors centre, a 14th-century castle and a museum, as well as a gift shop and bar. 29
- 33. Our commentaries KEVIN:I don’t like the sea. I wouldn’t go to Archipiélago de Cabrera. DANI:I like Archipiélago de Cabrera because there is a sea. 30
- 34. Cabañeros Cabañeros National Park is a national park in the Montes de Toledo, Spain. It falls within two provinces, the northwest of Ciudad Real and the southwest of Toledo.The Park was designated in 1995 and has an area of 390 km2 . It lies between the Estena and Bullaque rivers, extending into the Chorito and Miraflores mountain ranges.The fauna of the park is notable, both for its variety (276 species of vertebrates) and for the high percentage of endangered species. Mammals include the otter in the Estena river and four species of ungulates: wild boar, red deer, roe deer and (in the most forested areas) fallow deer.The park is potentially a habitat for the Iberian lynx, a critically endangered feline. However, lynx have been sighted only intermittently in the area in recent years, perhaps because of a shortage of rabbits, the main prey species. The Toledo Mountains have been used as a site for the reintroduction of the lynx as part of a LIFE project.The Park is a Special Protection Area for birdlife, and provides a home for the Black stork (rare but not threatened),Eurasian black vulture (near threatened), second largest breeding population and the Spanish imperial eagle (threatened). 31
- 35. Our commentaries KEVIN:I would go to Cabañeros. There are many species of vertebrates! DANI:I like Cabañeros because there is a big waterfall. 32
- 36. Sierra Nevada With 85,883 hectares, this is the biggest national park in Spain and one of the most popular. A m edium and high m ountain wilderness, it has 2,000 species of flora, 66 of which are indigenous to the area, as well as a variety of wildlife. One of the park’s most spectacular features is the 3,479m-high Mulhacén – Spain’s highest mountain.On the higher peaks, like Veleta and Tajo de los Machos, unique species such as the Sierra Nevada violet and plantago nivalis (known locally as "estrella de las nieves" - snowstar) can be found growing beneath overhanging rocks and in cracks in the rock faces. At this altitude there are also beautiful glacial valleys such as Siete Lagunas. In the mid-m ountain area, the landscape is dominated by deciduous woodland with Pyrenean oaks, maples, wild cherry and chestnut trees. This woodland alters the appearance of the landscape from one season to another: in autumn the trees begin to shed their leaves, producing an overall golden brown colour; but when the new shoots bud in spring the mountainside is flooded by deep tones of green. At lower altitudes there are holm oak groves like those at Montenegro and the watercourses are flanked by riverine forests. This great variety in plant life and clim ate has contributed to the area's wealth of anim al species. In the higher regions, alpine accentors, blue rock thrushes and red-billed choughs can be seen in flight. A golden eagle could also make an appearance at any time. The woodland and thick scrubland supports a large comm unity of mammals, including wild boar, foxes, badgers and genet cats. From the Dílar River Valley and Poqueira Gorge you can see mountain goats, a species very common in these mountains, climbing up the slopes and walking along the rocky peaks. The invertebrate population is also very representative, many species being unique to this environment. There are over twenty species of butterfly and more than thirty types of beetle. A major tourist industry has sprung up in this area. Those interested in skiing, mountaineering, fishing or walking will find this the perfect place to spend their holidays. 33
- 37. Our commentaries KEVIN:I don’t like snow. I wouldn’t go to Sierra Nevada. DANI:I like Sierra Nevada because there is a lot of snow. 34
- 38. Islas Atlánticas de Galicia This national park consists of a chain of islands that emerge from the ocean between the rivers of Arousa and Vigo. The seabed harbors ecological treasures guarded by ancient shipwrecks. Dunes, cliffs and beaches provide diverse habitats that nurture all forms of life, from 200 species of seaweed to desert plants, and a variety of fish and sea birds.The Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park is the only national park located in the autonomous community of Galicia. It comprises the archipelagos of Cíes, Ons, Sálvora and Cortegada. The park covers a land area of 1,200ha and a sea area of 7,200ha . It is the tenth most visited national park in Spain. It was the thirteenth national park to be established in Spain. 35
- 39. Our commentaries KEVIN:In Galicia most it is rainy. I wouldn’t go to Islas Atlánticas de Galicia. DANI:I like Islas Atlánticas de Galicia because there is a ocean. 36
- 40. Monfragüe This spanish National Park is located in Extremadura.From 1979 the area was protected as a natural park a lower level of protection than national park. In 1991 it was declared as a special protection area for birds, until national park status was granted in 2007. Since 2003 it has been recognised by UNESCO as a Biosphere reserve.It occupies an area of 18.118 hectares.Monfragüe is an outstanding site for raptors, with more than 15 regular breeding species, including the world's largest breeding concentration of Eurasian black vulture, a large population of griffon vulture, and several pairs of Spanish imperial eagle, golden eagle and Bonelli's eagle. The crags and cliffs on the north side of the river midway through the park draw photographers from all over Europe and the Americas. The government has built observation blinds throughout the course of the river. 37
- 41. Our commentaries KEVIN:This park is near to Andalusia. I would go to Monfragüe. There is also a beautiful landscape. DANI:I like Monfragüe because there is a long river. 38
- 42. Sierra de Guadarrama Stretching over 33,960 hectares, the Sierra de Guadarrama between Madrid and Segovia was declared a national park in 2013. Featuring lakes and rivers, pine forests and waterfalls, it is another example of the natural ecosystems of the Mediterranean mountains where wolves, Golden Eagles and black storks thrive.Altogether there are more than 1,280 different species in the zone recently declared a national park, of which 13 are in danger of extinction, more than 1,500 native plants and 30 different types of vegetation. The species of animals in the mountains represent 45% of the total fauna of Spain and 18% of European fauna. The vegetation features the Scots pine, the oak, the juniper, the oak and piorno and many other species. As regards fauna, there are many mammals such as deer (red, roe and fallow), wild boar, wild goats, badgers, several mustelidaes, wild cats, foxes, hares, etc.; many species of waterfowl in the reservoirs, and great raptors like the Spanish imperial eagle or the Eurasian black vulture. Recently, a pack of wolves was discovered in the park after a 70-year absence in the region. 39
- 43. Our commentaries KEVIN:Madrid is too big. I wouldn’t go to Sierra de Guadarrama. DANI:I like Sierra de Guadarrama because it is very big. 40
- 44. 5. Look for a map about the 15 National Parks in Spain and add to your work 41