Arab Israeli conflict

Zionism
 GOALS:
The spiritual and
political renewal of
the Jewish people
in its ancestral
homeland of
Palestine.
 Freedom from
Western anti-Semitism. Theodore Herzl
1860-1904

First Zionist Conference,
1897
 Herzl writes Der J udenstaat, or
The J ewish State in 1896.
 Met in Basel, Switzerland.
 Creates the First Zionist Congress.
 Becomes an international Jewish
organization.

 “Next Year in Jerusalem!”

The Ottoman Empire in
WW1

The Main Players in WW 1
Allied Central
Powers: Powers:

Nicholas II

[Rus]
George V [Br] Wilhelm II [Ger]

Victor Emmanuel
II [It]

Enver Pasha
[Turkey]
Pres. Poincare [Fr]
Franz Josef [A-H]

British Promise to the Jews:
Balfour Declaration, 1917
H M
is ajesty’s Government
views with favor the
establishment in Palestine of a
national home for the J ewish
people and will use their best
endeavors to facilitate the
achievement of this object, it
being clearly understood that
nothing shall be done which
may prejudice the civil and
religious rights of existing
non-J ewish communities in
Sir Arthur James Balfour Palestine…
Br. Foreign Secretary

The League of Nations
Mandates

The Middle East Between the
Wars

Essential Question:
H ow d id Britain’ s actions
in P ale s tine afte r 1 91 8 lay
th e grou nd work for th e on-
going conflict b e twe e n th e
Je ws and th e Arab s in th e
M id d le E as t tod ay?

Jews & Arabs in Palestine,
1920 l In 1920, there
was 1 Jew to
every 10 Arabs in
Palestine.
n By 1947, the ratio
was 2 Arabs for
every Jew.

The Arabs felt that
they were loosing
control of their
“country!”

British
Mandate in
Palestine
Created
July, 1922

Jewish Settlements:
The Kibbutz System
 First one founded in 1908.
 Communal living.
 “Make the Desert
Bloom!”

Jewish Immigration
1919 1,806 1931 4,075
1920 8,223 1932 12,533
1921 8,294 1933 37,337
1922 8,685 1934 45,267
1923 8,175 1935 66,472
1924 13,892 1936 29,595
1925 34,386 1937 10,629
1926 13,855 1938 14,675
1927 3,034 1939 31,195
1928 2,178 1940 10,643
1929 5,249 1941 4,592
1930 4,944

Palestine Arab Revolt:
1936-1939
Their Goals:
 An end to Jewish
immigration to Palestine.
Th e G rand M u fti of
 An end to the transfer Je ru s ale m , H aj Am in
of lands to Jewish al-H u s s ani, with Ad olf
owners. H itle r.
 A new “general
representative
government.”

The Peel
Commission
Partition
Plan, 1937

British White Paper of
1939 Jewish
 Limited
immigration to
Palestine to 75,000 over
the next five years.
 It ended Jewish land
purchases.
 Independence for
Palestine within 10 years.
 It is NOT British policy
that Palestine become a
Jewish state.

The “Arab Legion” of the
British Army During
WW 2

The “Jewish Brigade” of
the
British Army During
WW2

Hitler’s
“Final
Solution
”

The Jewish population in each country in 1942.

Nazi Concentration
& Extermination Camps

The Nazi Holocaust

 6,000,00 Jews killed
by the Nazis [1/2 in
the concentration
camps.]

Aliyah Bet : Illegal Jewish
Immigration

Aliyah Bet
 Illegal Jewish immigration to Palestine.
 The Exodus, 1947.

Palestine
Populati
on in
1946

British “Detention” Camps
in Cyprus : 1946-1948

Jewish “Freedom Fighters”
(or “Terrorists”?)

Irgun Zvai Leumi
[Natl. Military Org.]

Avraham Stern &
The Stern Gang

U. N. Partition Plan of
1947

Israel Becomes a Nation:
May 14, 1948

Chaim Weizmann, David Ben-Gurion,
1st President 1st Prime Minister

Arab Refugees, 1948

The Palestinian Diaspora begins!

Arab Israeli conflict

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Arab Israeli conflict