Project Mercury was NASA's first human spaceflight program with the goals of putting a man into space and returning him safely by 1963, though the Soviet Union was the first to achieve manned spaceflight. Unmanned tests of rockets and animal flights preceded the first American in space, Alan Shepard's suborbital flight in 1961. Further missions included Virgil Grissom's Liberty Bell 7 flight that had a hatch issue, and Gordon Cooper's Faith 7 mission that set a record for the longest Mercury flight at 34 hours.