Message map: Noroviruses
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Noroviruses are the leading cause of foodborne illness in the U.S., with an estimated 19-21 million cases annually. They transmit orally through contaminated food and water, and symptoms typically resolve within 3 days, though dehydration can be severe, particularly in vulnerable populations. Preventative measures include proper hand hygiene, food safety practices, and disinfection of surfaces, while those affected should stay hydrated and seek medical care if symptoms persist.
![References
• Centers for Disease Control and PrevenDon, Norovirus), hdps://www.cdc.gov/
norovirus/index.html, Updated October 25, 2017. Accessed online May 24, 2018.
• Food and Drug AdministraDon. Bad Bug Book, Foodborne Pathogenic
Microorganisms and Natural Toxins. Second EdiDon. [Noroviruses, pp. 168-172].
2012.
• "Norovirus (Norwalk Virus)." FoodSafety.gov. August 24, 2009. Accessed May 25,
2018. hdps://www.foodsafety.gov/poisoning/causes/bacteriaviruses/norovirus/
index.html.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/norovirusmessagemaps2018-180611205535/85/Message-map-Noroviruses-7-320.jpg)
Message map: Noroviruses
- 2. Stakeholders: General public or news media Ques8on : What are noroviruses? Key message 1 Key message 2 Key message 3 Noroviruses are the leading US cause of foodborne illness. People acquire the virus orally. CDC esDmates 19-to-21 million US cases annually. SupporDng informaDon 1-1 SupporDng informaDon 2-1 SupporDng informaDon 3-1 They are hardy viruses that spread in food and water. Common vectors include produce, shellfish, salads, and sandwiches. These include 1.9 million outpaDent and 400,000 emergency visits. SupporDng informaDon 1-2 SupporDng informaDon 2-2 SupporDng informaDon 3-2 They also spread quickly from person to person. Symptoms generally begin within 12 to 48 hours of exposure. About 71,000 cases require hospitalizaDon. SupporDng informaDon 1-3 SupporDng informaDon 2-3 SupporDng informaDon 3-3 You can contract noroviruses many Dmes in a lifeDme. They usually end within 3 days in otherwise healthy people. 570 to 800 result in death, usually among young children and the elderly.
- 3. Stakeholders: General public or news media Ques8on : What disease do noroviuses cause? Key message 1 Key message 2 Key message 3 Norovirus infecDons are oZen called “stomach flu.” Most people recover within 3 days. Young children, the elderly, and people with weak immunity are most at risk. SupporDng informaDon 1-1 SupporDng informaDon 2-1 SupporDng informaDon 3-1 The best way to detect a norovirus is with a stool sample. Symptoms include diarrhea, vomiDng, nausea, and stomach pain. The most common complicaDon is dehydraDon. SupporDng informaDon 1-2 SupporDng informaDon 2-2 SupporDng informaDon 3-2 Lab tesDng is essenDal to idenDfy outbreaks. Also, fever, headache, and body aches. DehydraDon is caused by severe diarrhea and vomiDng. SupporDng informaDon 1-3 SupporDng informaDon 2-3 SupporDng informaDon 3-3 CDC and FDA monitor outbreaks and track them. See a doctor if symptoms last more than 3 days. Untreated, this can lead to death.
- 4. Stakeholders: General public or news media Ques8on : What can people do to avoid the pathogen? Key message 1 Key message 2 Key message 3 PracDce proper hand hygiene. PracDce food safety. Clean and disinfect all contaminated surfaces. SupporDng informaDon 1-1 SupporDng informaDon 2-1 SupporDng informaDon 3-1 Wash your hands carefully with soap and water. Wash fruits and vegetables carefully before preparing them. Typical disinfectants are ineffecDve in killing noroviruses. SupporDng informaDon 1-2 SupporDng informaDon 2-2 SupporDng informaDon 3-2 Especially aZer using the toilet or changing diapers. Cook all seafood to at least 140 degrees F. Use a chlorine beach soluDon with 1000 to 5000 parts per million. SupporDng informaDon 1-3 SupporDng informaDon 2-3 SupporDng informaDon 3-3 Always before eaDng, preparing, and handling food. Avoid preparing food if you are sick. Or another disinfectant registered as effecDve against noroviruses.
- 5. Stakeholders: General public or news media Ques8on : What can sick people to manage the disease and its symptoms? Key message 1 Key message 2 Key message 3 Drink plenty of liquids to replace those lost to diarrhea and vomiDng. If you suspect severe dehydraDon, see a doctor. Remember: If you are ill, you are also highly contagious. SupporDng informaDon 1-1 SupporDng informaDon 2-1 SupporDng informaDon 3-1 Over-the-counter, oral- rehydraDon products are the best choice. Severe dehydraDon may required hospitalizaDon. Wash your hands frequently with soap and water. SupporDng informaDon 1-2 SupporDng informaDon 2-2 SupporDng informaDon 3-2 Sports drinks, caffeinated drinks, and alcohol are less effecDve. Treatment may require intravenous fluids. Wash all of your laundry thoroughly. SupporDng informaDon 1-3 SupporDng informaDon 2-3 SupporDng informaDon 3-3 There is no specific drug for norovirus illness. This is especially true for young children, the elderly, and folks with low immunity. Disinfect any surfaces you contaminate with vomit or stool.
- 7. References • Centers for Disease Control and PrevenDon, Norovirus), hdps://www.cdc.gov/ norovirus/index.html, Updated October 25, 2017. Accessed online May 24, 2018. • Food and Drug AdministraDon. Bad Bug Book, Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins. Second EdiDon. [Noroviruses, pp. 168-172]. 2012. • "Norovirus (Norwalk Virus)." FoodSafety.gov. August 24, 2009. Accessed May 25, 2018. hdps://www.foodsafety.gov/poisoning/causes/bacteriaviruses/norovirus/ index.html.