Sustainable development & The use of Resources
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This document discusses sustainable development and the use of resources. It focuses on land as a key resource for Caribbean countries. Land can be misused through poor planning, mining, deforestation, and unsustainable farming techniques like shifting cultivation and overgrazing. This damages soils and increases erosion. Conservation efforts are needed like replanting vegetation after mining, controlled logging, using fertilizers, and contour ploughing to retain soils. Sustainable development requires balancing the economy, environment and social needs of people.
Sustainable development & The use of Resources
- 1. Sustainable Development & The Use of Resources 4th form Social Studies Sacred Heart College
- 3. Resources • A resource is anything natural or physical or human which can be harnessed to create wealth or improve the standard of living of people. Example: Land, forests, water, animals, minerals and human beings.
- 4. Resources may be classified into 2 large groups: • Human resources: refers to the skills, talents and abilities of the population. • Physical/natural resources: refers to the ‘gifts of nature’: Land, water, minerals and forests. Example: land, water, minerals, animals, sunlight and wind.
- 5. Physical resources are categorized as follows: • Renewable: Can be reinforced resupplied, replaced or replenished after it has been used. • Non-renewable: cannot be replaced, or resupplied after it has been used. Non-renewable resources are exhaustible if they are indiscriminately exploited or used.
- 6. Types of Physical Resources Renewable Land Water Forest Animals Non-Renewable Petroleum Bauxite Gold Diamond
- 7. 4 main types of physical resources: Resource Use Land Agriculture and farming Water Domestic and industrial purposes Minerals Mined from which several by-products are manufactured Forests Provide lumber
- 8. Important note: It is important to know the difference between renewable and non-renewable resources because it allows us to better conserve the and preserve our resources.
- 9. Concepts: • Sustainable Development: economic development that is conducted without depletion of natural resources. • Development: The process of becoming larger or more advanced. • Conserve: use cautiously; to avoid wasteful or destructive use of. • Preserve: keep or maintain in an unaltered condition; cause to remain or last
- 10. 3 main factors in Sustainable Development: 1. Economy 2. Environment 3. People
- 11. What is Sustainable Development?
- 12. The development of resources can be assisted by the following: • Good government policies • Provision of scientific research facilities • Provision of educational/training facilities • Bilateral and multilateral agreements • Appropriate financial assistance
- 13. WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO PRACTICE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT? WHAT DO YOU THINK?
- 14. 3 main similarities among Caribbean countries: Size Climate Development Status (history)
- 15. Caribbean countries • All Caribbean countries have a variety of natural resources. Tourism is one of the primary income earner for most countries in the Caribbean. • Whether a country makes good use of its resources is dependent on its people. For this reason, the people of a country are sometimes referred to as ‘human resource’.
- 16. Natural resources found in the Caribbean: • Resources for agriculture, such as soil. • Climate resources, such as rainfall, moderate temperatures, and cooling winds. • Rivers and other fresh water resources, for drinking, household use, and for irrigating crops. • Forest and wildlife resources, such as growing trees and plants, which may provide pleasure to people who live here and attract tourists. • Marine resources such as sandy beaches fish or coral reefs and natural harbours for shipping • Mineral resources, such as limestone, bauxite, gold, oil, and natural gas.
- 19. INTRODUCTION to LAND as a RESOURCE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT & USE OF RESOURCES
- 21. Note: Caribbean countries may be comparatively small in size. However, most of the islands are endowed with rich, fertile soils, which, in some instances, yield valuable mineral deposits.
- 23. MISUSE of LAND 1. Poor Planning: on the part of the government which allows fertile land to be used for housing and industrial developments instead of agriculture. 2. Quarrying and mining: for various minerals which result in the vegetation and topsoil being removed without re- afforestation. 3. Deforestation: the indiscriminate removal of forests trees over wide surface areas exposes the valuable topsoil to erosion.
- 24. 4. Poor farming techniques • Shifting cultivation: this system is employed by farmers who clear the land of its trees and other vegetation to plant crops. • Monocropping: nutrients in soil may be depleted after a single type of crop is planted for a long period of time. • Overgrazing: when sheeps, goats and cattles are allowed to graze on the same pasture over long periods they remove almost all of the top vegetation leaving the topsoil exposed. • Ploughing: farmers form gullies and furrows which run from top to bottom of hill so the soil is washes downhill when it rains.
- 28. Land conservation techniques • Replanting of vegetation after mining and quarrying • Controlled logging which ensures that only a few mature trees are removed from forests. • Use of fertilizers to maintain soil fertility. • Crop rotation should replace mono-cropping. • Pastures should be subdivided to allow for rotation of grazing. • Ploughing of hills should be done along the contours. The horizontal furrows retain the soil and prevent it from being washed away by rain.