Artificial intelligence (AI) is the study of computer systems that attempt to model human intelligence. Early pioneers like Alan Turing asked if machines could think in the 1950s, and the field of AI was established in a 1956 workshop. Current AI includes intelligent digital assistants, self-driving cars, and medical applications. Challenges remain around computing power, intuitive thinking, and judging ability. The future of AI may include improved transportation, healthcare, and exploration through precision and reduced costs, though risks include unemployment and over-reliance on machines.