01 GEC 6 - Introduction to the Subject.pdf
- 1. INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION G E C 6 - S C I E N C E , T E C H N O L O G Y , A N D S O C I E T Y SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Prepared by: MA. ELEZABETH B. FUENTES Instructor I
- 2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES discuss the interactions between science, technology and society throughout history; discuss how scientific and technological developments affect society and the environment; and identify the paradigm shifts in history.
- 4. SCIENCE MEANING OF The term was derived from the Latin word “scientia”, meaning “knowledge” or “to know.” Science is the systematic study of the natural world through observation, experimentation, and analysis. It is a systematized body of knowledge.
- 5. Any system of knowledge that is concerned with the physical world and its phenomena and that entails unbiased observations and systematic experimentation. It involves a pursuit of knowledge covering general truths or the operations of fundamental laws.
- 6. Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) is often called the “father of modern science.” He was an Italian astronomer, physicist, mathematician, and philosopher.
- 7. MEANING OF TECHNOLOGY Comes from the Greek words “techne,” meaning “art, skill, or craft,” and “logos,” meaning “word” or “discourse.” Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, often resulting in tools, systems, and processes designed to solve problems or improve human life.
- 8. SOME OF THE NOTABLE HUMAN SUCCESSES 01 THE WHEEL IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY The concept of inventing the wheel came during 3500 BC. Humans were severely limited in how much stuff they could transport over land, and how far. The idea came to connect a non-moving platform to a rolling cylinder. People then invented the wheel and axle which is the concept of making wheel. The holes at the center of the wheels and the ends of the fixed axles had to be nearly perfectly round and smooth for wheels to work. Wheeled carts facilitated agriculture and commerce by enabling transportation of goods to and from markets, as well as easing the burden of people traveling great distances.
- 9. SOME OF THE NOTABLE HUMAN SUCCESSES 02 THE COMPASS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Before, mariners navigate with the star, but that method didn't work during the day or on cloudy nights. The Chinese invented the first compass sometime between the 9th and 11th century; it was made of lodestone, a naturally - magnetized iron ore, and the attractive properties of which they had been studying for centuries. Soon after, the technology passed on to the Europeans and Arabs through nautical contact The compass enabled mariners to navigate safely far from land, increasing sea trade and contributing to the Age of Discovery. A model of an ancient Chinese compass from the Han Dynasty; it is south-Indicating ladle, or sinan, made of polished lodestones.
- 10. SOME OF THE NOTABLE HUMAN SUCCESSES 03 PRINTING PRESS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY It was Johannes Gutenberg, a German who invented the press around 1440. Though others before him - including inventors in China - have developed the movable type made from metal, Gutenberg was have created a mechanized process that transferred the ink (which he made from linseed oil and soot) from the movable type to paper. Printing presses exponentially increased the speed with which book copies could be made, and thus led to the rapid and widespread dissemination of knowledge for the first time in history.
- 11. SOME OF THE NOTABLE HUMAN SUCCESSES 04 THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY In these engines, the combustion of fuel releases high temperature gas, which, as it expands, applies, force to a piston, thus, combustion engines convert chemical energy into mechanical work. Jean Joseph Étienne Lenoir, also known as Jean J. Lenoir, was a Belgian-French engineer who developed the internal combustion engine in 1858. While Nikolaus Otto was a German engineer who developed the four-stroke internal combustion engine, which offered the first practical alternative to the steam engine as a power source.
- 12. SOME OF THE NOTABLE HUMAN SUCCESSES 05 THE TELEPHONE IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Alexander Graham Bell, a Scottish-born Canadian-American inventor, scientist, and engineer, was the first to be awarded a patent for the electric telephone in 1876. Though several inventors did pioneering work on electronic voice transmission, the invention quickly took off, and revolutionized global business and communication.
- 13. SOME OF THE NOTABLE HUMAN SUCCESSES 06 PENICILLIN IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY In 1928, the Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming noticed a bacteria field Petri Dish in his laboratory. The sample had become contaminated with a mold, and everywhere the mold was, the bacteria was dead. That antibiotic mold turned out to fungus Penicillium, and over the next two decades, chemist’s purified it and developed the drug Penicillin, which fights a huge number of bacterial infections in humans without harming the humans themselves. Penicillin was being mass and advertised by 1944.
- 14. SOME OF THE NOTABLE HUMAN SUCCESSES 07 THE INTERNET IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks used by billions of people worldwide. It is impossible to credit the invention of the Internet to a single person, as countless people helped develop it. In the 1960s, a team of computer scientists working for the U.S. Defense Department’s ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) built a communications network to connect the computers in the agency, called ARPANET. It used a method of data transmission called “packet switching.” ARPANET was the predecessor of the Internet that eventually emerged to become the “information superhighway.”
- 15. Eco-Friendly Technologies/Advantages: These are sustainable technologies. This technology utilizes resources from the environment without causing negative effects to it.
- 16. Originates from the Latin word “societas”, meaning “companionship” or “association.” Society refers to a group of individuals who share a common culture, values, institutions, and practices. It is the collective framework within which human interactions and relationships occur. SOCIETY MEANING OF
- 17. MEANING OF STS It is the study of how social, political, and cultural values affect scientific research and technological innovation, and how these, in turn, affect society. Science, Technology, and Society
- 18. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Science, technology, and society are deeply intertwined. Scientific discoveries lead to technological innovations, which are then implemented and shaped by societal needs and values. Society evaluates the implications of science and technology. Ethical considerations, laws, and cultural perspectives influence how innovations are developed and used. The synergy of these fields fosters progress but also poses challenges. For example, medical technologies have extended lifespans, but they also raise questions about resource allocation and access. Science identifies causes and effects; technology develops solutions (e.g., renewable energy); society debates policies and implements changes. EXAMPLES Scientific research informs medical breakthroughs; technology delivers tools (e.g., MRI machines); society ensures these are accessible and equitable.
- 19. DISADVANTAGES AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
- 20. DISADVANTAGES AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS OF STS THREATS TO HUMAN SURVIVAL The invention of nuclear weapons in 1945, like the nuclear bombing of Nagasaki and Hiroshima that caused deaths of many people. This was a product of chemical and biological warfare (bio-warfare); toxic wastes produced by manufacturing companies that threaten human survival and stability of the environment.
- 21. DISADVANTAGES AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS OF STS ETHICAL DILEMMAS Exploitation of advanced scientific knowledge and technology devices and systems gave rise to situations in which advances seem to have turned against their beneficiaries, creating ethical dilemmas. The negative effects of technology are numerous. In our march to progress we have degraded the natural world. Forests are chopped down, topsoil is washed away, rivers are polluted and our waste is dumped in the oceans.
- 22. DISADVANTAGES AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS OF STS DISPARITIES IN HUMAN WELL-BEING There are advanced countries enjoying science and technology-based successes and hold high esteem in contemporary society (economic strength), versus millions of people in less developed countries who have not partaken in these benefits.
- 23. DISADVANTAGES AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS OF STS SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CONFLICTS Military power is vital for national security of many governments; Superior and highly technical weapons dictated the outcomes of some recent wars.
- 24. DISADVANTAGES AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS OF STS INNOVATING TECHNOLOGIES CAN HAVE NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES FOR CERTAIN SECTORS OR CONSTITUENCIES pollution associated with production processes, increased unemployment from labor-saving new technologies conversion of agricultural land into urban areas effect on humans psychologically and emotionally -the usage and addiction of new gadgets effect of overused technologies in medical industry that can cause fatal births and diseases. global warming
- 25. Advancing Knowledge and Understanding ROLE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Improving Quality of Life Driving Economic Growth Solving Global Challenges Enhancing Communication and Connectivity Supporting Education and Research Ensuring National Security and Defense Fostering Innovation Preserving Culture and History Encouraging Sustainable Development
- 26. THANK YOU