03 excel1
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A cell is the basic unit of a spreadsheet that can contain either data or formulas. A range refers to a group of adjacent cells. A formula contains mathematical operations, cell references, functions, and operators to calculate values. A circular reference occurs when a formula references itself directly or indirectly. When copying a formula, cell references adjust relative to their new location, but copying text does not change. When copying a formula with mixed references, some references adjust while others remain fixed.
03 excel1
- 1. CS 105 Spreadsheet Computations What is a cell? What is a range? What is a formula? What is a circular reference? What’s the difference between copying text and copying a formula? CS 105 Spring 2011 #1
- 2. Manipulating Data • A calculator can store two numbers and do simple manipulations current M memory clear memory recall memory set memory plus Mem clear Set M to zero M=0 Mem recall Set current to M current = M Mem set Set M to current M = current Mem plus Set M to M + current M = M + current CS 105 Spring 2011 #2
- 3. Manipulating Spreadsheet Data • A workbook contains worksheets(spreadsheets). A spreadsheet stores data organized in cells, and can do complex data manipulation. Name box active cell formula bar fill handle The cell location is referred to as its cell reference. CS 105 Spring 2011 #3
- 4. Cell Ranges An adjacent range is a rectangular block of cells and can be as small as a single cell. G2 : G8 Single Column Range column letters A1 Single cell A3 : E3 Single Row Range B6:E13 Read as “B6 to E13” Row numbers CS 105 Spring 2011 #4
- 5. Cell contents can be either Data or Formulas • Data can be either Numeric or Strings: – numbers (e.g. 25.32, -56, $78, 1.02E-3, 5%, 1/1/2011) – strings (e.g., Total, Angelina Jolie, 1-217-244-0000) • Formulas always begin with an equals = and can contain operators, data, cell references, ranges and functions, e.g. = 1+ A1 • Cells also have formatting attributes CS 105 Spring 2011 #5
- 6. Numbers as strings • Some “numbers” are entered as text (strings): – zip codes – phone numbers – social security numbers – Such numbers do not get involved in computation. By default Excel left-justifies strings and right-justifies numbers. CS 105 Spring 2011 #6
- 7. Date Entries • Dates are a special kind of number – Try 01/01/1900 • Two-digit year values 00 through 29 are interpreted as the years 2000 through 2029 • Year values 30 through 99 are interpreted as the years 1930 through 1999. CS 105 Spring 2011 #7
- 8. Formatting a two-digit date CS 105 Spring 2011 #8
- 9. Date Calculations Format cell as a number, not a date Formula view: CS 105 Spring 2011 #9
- 10. Operators in Formulas • Arithmetic operations (in order of precedence) – parentheses ( ) – negation (as in -1) – exponentiation ^ – multiplication, division * / – addition, subtraction + - CS 105 Spring 2011 # 10
- 11. Hierarchy of Arithmetic Operations in Excel – Scan the formula from left to right – Evaluate what is in parentheses first – Operations of highest priority are done first – Evaluate from left to right operations of equal priority. = B1 + B2 * C3 = -C1 ^ A1 = (B3-A1)*A1^2/B2 CS 105 Spring 2011 # 11
- 12. Functions in Formulas • =TODAY() • =MONTH( March 7, 2006) • =MONTH(A1) CS 105 Spring 2011 # 12
- 13. Bad Formulas!!! Circular References • When a formula references itself (either directly or indirectly) there is a Circular Reference • When this happens, Excel warns you several times!! • BAD: CS 105 Spring 2011 # 13
- 14. Copying formulas • Example: In a Sudoku board, every row must sum to 45 – more conditions, but we’ll stick to this for now • Copy formula to the remaining rows (formula changes) CS 105 Spring 2011 # 14
- 15. When you cut and paste a cell that is referenced in a formula, then again the formula changes CS 105 Spring 2011 # 15
- 16. Copying/Pasting Formulas Relative Cell Reference • A cell reference that adjusts automatically when it is copied. • By default, formulas that you enter use relative cell references. • For example: B to D = moved 2 Columns 2 to 5 = moved 3 Rows CS 105 Spring 2011 # 16
- 17. Mixed Cell References • A cell reference that refers to an exact location on the worksheet and does not adjust when copied. • Cell reference is preceded by a dollar sign. • For example: =($B$5 + $C7) * D$9 Absolutely column b and absolutely row 5 Absolutely column c CS 105 Spring 2011 Absolutely row 9 # 17
- 18. Copying/Pasting Formulas Mixed Cell References What happened when these formulas were copied? CS 105 Spring 2011 # 18
- 19. To Summarize: • What is a cell? What is a range? • What is a formula? • What is a circular reference? • What’s the difference between copying text and copying a formula? CS 105 Spring 2011 # 19