06 07 chapter 3 notes
- 1. Chapter 3 Notes Ancient India & China
- 3. India • Diverse Geography • Himalayan and Karakoram mountains • Ganges and Indus River Valleys • Deccan Plateau
- 4. Ancient India • Indus Valley Civilization • (3000 BC to 1500 BC) • Major Cities were Mohenjo-Daro & Harappa • Well organized with public wells & advanced drainage system
- 5. Indus Valley (continued) • Theocracies • Economy based on farming by the Indus River • Traded with Mesopotamia
- 6. Aryans (1500 BC) • Moved from Asia into India and conquered the Harappans • Controlled all of India by 1000 BC • Could farm with the help of the Iron plowshare
- 7. Aryans (continued) • Developed Sanskrit, their first writing system • Used for recording legends and religious chants • The Vedas were religious hymns • The Bhagavad Gita was the most famous section of the Mahabhara
- 8. Caste System • Light-skinned Aryans looked down on dark skinned subjects • A set of social categories that determined a persons occupation & economic potential • The caste system still exists today
- 9. 5 major castes • Brahmins (priests) • Kshatriyas (warriors) • Vaisyas (commoners) • Sudras (Dark skinned natives who worked for the Vaisyas) • Untouchables (not considered human, lived in separate areas)
- 10. Hinduism Collection of ancient beliefs, no single “founder” • Believed in the existence of a single force in nature, called Brahman • A person’s actions will determine how they are reborn in their next life • Goal is to be unified with Brahman
- 11. Buddhism • Founded by Siddhartha Gautama Beliefs: • Escape from suffering • Promise of eternal salvation Spread throughout China Monasteries became important centers of learning
- 12. Mauryan Dynasty (324 BC) • Centralized government with provinces • Asoka was the greatest ruler in the history of India • He used Buddhist ideals to guide his rule • Provided rest stops & animal hospitals
- 14. Silk Road (around 1 AD) • Silk was China’s most valuable product • Ran from China to Eastern Europe • India prospered from the trade between the Romans and the Chinese
- 16. Gupta Empire (320 AD) • Known for religious toleration • Great traders • This was the Golden Age of India
- 17. Indian Science • Earth was round, on it’s axis, and revolved around the sun • Algebra • Concept of zero • Indians gave their number system to the Arabs • The Arabs gave this number system to the Europeans
- 18. Ancient China • Diverse geography •Huang and Yangtze rivers •Deserts, Mountains •China isolated by natural barriers
- 19. Shang Dynasty (1750 – 1122 BC) • Major concern was war • King could choose & remove aristocratic leaders • Strong belief in life after death • Mastery of bronze casting
- 20. Zhou Dynasty (1045 – 256 BC) • Mandate of Heaven • heaven kept order through the king • king had authority from heaven to command
- 21. Technology & Family • Technology • Irrigation was widely used • Increased food production due to iron plowshares…this led to increased population E048186 Trinity+1 • Family • Filial piety -> duty of members of the family to put the needs of the leading male in the family ahead of their own
- 22. Religion • Hinduism & Buddhism • focused on freeing the soul from the cycle of rebirth • Confucianism, Daoism, & Legalism • focused on the immediate world and how to create a stable order in that world
- 23. Important People • Confucius: Great Teacher • People must behave in accordance with Tao (the Way) • Filial piety: respect family, elders first
- 24. Confucianism • 5 relationships • parent and child, • husband and wife, • elder sibling and junior sibling, • elder friend and junior friend, • ruler and subject
- 25. Confucianism (continued) • Duties & responsibilities • Filial piety • Social Harmony • Kings should lead by example
- 27. Daoism • Based on the ideas of Lao Zi • Tries to set proper forms of behavior for human beings on Earth • Act spontaneously and let nature take its course without interfering in it
- 28. Legalism • People are evil by nature • Create order through strict laws and harsh punishment • Feudal leaders agreed with this
- 29. Qin Dynasty (221 – 206 BC) • United China into a centralized state • Legalism became their ideology • Bureaucracy divided into 3 parts: • Civil, military, censorate (Checked on government officials) • Built the Great Wall of China
- 31. Han Dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD) • Established schools for civil positions • Followed Confucius’ ideals • Population increased • Expanded Chinese Empire
- 32. Great Chinese Inventions • Magnetic compass • Gunpowder • Paper • Printing • Iron casting (led to steel) • Fore-and-aft rigging for ships