06 Chapter 11 Weather Climate
- 1. CHAPTER 11 WEATHER AND CLIMATE
- 2. Let’s think about Singapore
- 6. Weather Is All Around Us Meteorologists are people who study the atmosphere Weather is the condition of the atmosphere at a particular place over a short period of time Climate refers to the weather pattern of a place over a long period of time, usually 30 years or more The basic elements of weather and climate: Temperature Rainfall Wind
- 7. Temperature Temperature refers to the degree of hotness or coldness of the air It varies throughout the day in a place The temperature rises and falls as the Earth rotates from west to east (seasons) Places nearer the Equator are warmer throughout the year than places farther away
- 8. Temperature The temperature rises during the day and falls at night It also varies from place to place Temperature gets cooler as we go to higher grounds
- 9. Altitude Refers to the height of the land Warm air rises – this air cools as it rises and thus temperature decreases as we increase with height Thus, temperature decreases with increasing height
- 11. Latitude Places near the earth’s Equator (e.g.: Singapore, Malaysia) receive a higher concentration of Sun’s rays and thus more sunshine Places further away from the Equator (North pole, South pole) receive a lower concentration of sunshine as the sun’s rays are spread over a larger area. Thus that is why places further away from the equator are cooler.
- 13. Measuring Temperature Air temperature is measured with a thermometer The scale is in degree Celsius ( º C) Daily maximum temperature refers to the highest temperature reading for the day Daily minimum temperature refers to the lowest temperature reading for the day Glass tube Mercury or alcohol
- 14. Calculating Temperatures The mean daily temperature is the average temperature of a place on any one day Formula Mean daily temperature = Daily maximum Daily minimum temperature + temperature 2
- 15. Calculating Temperatures The daily temperature range is the difference between the maximum and minimum temperatures recorded in a day Formula Daily temperature range = Daily maximum Daily minimum temperature - temperature
- 16. Calculating Temperatures The mean monthly temperature is the average temperature of a place in a month Formula Mean monthly temperature = Sum of mean daily temperatures for the month Number of days in the month
- 17. Calculating Temperatures The mean annual temperature is the average temperature in a place within a year Formula Mean annual temperature = Sum of mean monthly temperatures in the year 12
- 18. Calculating Temperatures The annual temperature range is the difference between the maximum and minimum mean monthly temperatures recorded in a year Formula Annual temperature range = Maximum Minimum mean monthly - mean monthly temperature temperature