1 drawing paper n technique
- 1. FNA -200 UNIT -1 Drawing Paper and Technique
- 2. History of paper - • Paper and the pulp-making process is said to have developed in China in the 2nd century A.D. Before that, the Chinese produced ink drawings and paintings on silk. The process of making paper spread from China, through the Middle East, and into Europe by the 13th century. Some of the most beautiful examples of drawing during this time can be found in the practice of calligraphy, which is a type of artful writing done with a brush or pen. • The Drunken Monk, Li Gonglin, Chinese, ca. 1049 – 1106, Southern Song Dynasty, ink and color on paper
- 3. • European Monasteries from the 7th to 15th centuries produced beautiful, hand illustrated manuscripts filled with calligraphy on vellum or parchment made from animal hides. One of the oldest examples of the illuminated manuscript is the Codex Vaticanus, which has been dated to the 4th century. • Drawings were preparatory studies and practice for beginning artists so they could eventually paint with accuracy. The illuminated manuscripts are the closest we get to drawing since the prehistoric artists, until the early Renaissance. • In about the 13th century, papermaking techniques arrived in Europe. Making paper was easier and less time consuming than stretching, cleaning, and drying animal hides for vellum and artists began using paper more and more frequently. Even still, drawings weren’t considered fine art. Due to the lack of reverence paid them as well as poor conservation, not many drawings still exist from this time period.
- 4. • Here is a classic example of drawing being used as study for other works; Albrecht Durer has made separate small preparatory sketches on one sheet of paper. They are not intended to make one finished and coherent drawing. Rather, they are studies that share a single piece of paper. •
- 5. 25 Different Types of Drawing Paper • Acid Free Paper • Acid free paper does not have acid in it. It is the opposite of acid paper. The paper may have been treated to make it acid free. • The treatment includes buffering with calcium carbonate to neutralize the acid in the paper. This acid is absorbed through the age or as the paper ages. When paper is not acid free, it will become yellow, which impacts the artwork. • Acrylic Paper • Acrylic paper is both a delicate linen and textured paper that is an ideal size for use with acrylic. Graphite pencil and acrylic are ideal mediums for this paper.
- 6. • Bristol Paper – • Bristol paper is a cotton fiber type of paper. It is usually multi-ply but can be found in one-ply and three-ply. One-ply is ideal for tracing. Bristol is versatile and durable. It has come to represent a high standard for drawing paper. It can also be found with a vellum finish. • Canvas Paper • Canvas textured paper is ideal for oil and acrylic because it is sized so that the oil does not seep to the sides of the paper. This paper is ideal for practicing techniques for using paint.
- 7. • Cellulose Fiber Paper • Cellulose fiber paper is made from wood pulp and the most common paper you will find. This paper is acidic but can handle different writing implements and erasing. • Charcoal Paper • Charcoal paper is 100 percent cotton with a finish that is unique. Charcoal paper is considered a laid paper. It gives you precise control over your medium for shading purposes. • Cold Press Paper • Cold press paper has been smoothly a little from a cold finish. Cold press paper does not have as much texture and has a weaker tooth than paper that is considered rough paper.
- 8. • Cotton Fibre Paper • Cotton fiber is the most durable paper you can find. It is of the highest quality and can handle the most erasing. • Drawing Paper • Drawing paper is most often used for finished work but also for sketching. It is a higher quality and heavier paper than sketch paper. Soft pastel, oil pastel, charcoal, dry monochromes, graphite, markers, and pen and ink are the best mediums for this type of paper.
- 9. • Hot Press Paper • Hot press paper undergoes a process that is similar to ironing clothes to smooth the paper. The hot press allows you to have the most details on your paper. This type of paper is ideal for drafting, etching, printmaking, or polished sketching. Layout Bond Paper • Layout bond paper is most often used my comic artists, designers, and calligraphers. It is a semi opaque paper. Layout bond paper can be used with many mediums, including chalk, monochrome pencils, graphite, a colored pencil, and charcoal. In addition, it is often used for finished drawings, roughs, and tracing paper.
- 10. • Marker Paper • Marker paper is heavyweight, making it ideal to be used for markers. It has a super smooth surface which allows you to blend while keeping the markers from bleeding and feathering. • Mixed Media Paper • Mixed media paper is a newer type of paper in the art world. This paper was intended to do exactly as its name suggests, which is to withstand many different types of media. Newsprint Paper • Newsprint paper is ideal for beginning sketchers or those who like to sketch out an idea before committing to it. Unfortunately, newsprint paper is not acid free paper, and it gets yellow with time.
- 11. • Oil Painting Paper • Oil painting paper is paper that is linen textured. It is appropriately sized, so the oil does not seep to the side of the paper. • Palette Paper • Palette paper is a paper that is poly-coated and used specifically as a palette for mixing paints. It is meant to be disposable. This allows you to continue to paint and create without having to worry about cleaning a palette. • Pastel Paper • Pastel paper is unique because it is smooth on one side and slightly rougher on the other. The rough side has a pebbled type of surface.
- 12. • Printmaking Paper • Printmaking paper is a versatile and heavy weight paper. It is the perfect size for a large number of printing inks. It is used for many drawing styles such as woodblock, lithography, fine drawing, and aquatint. Sandpaper • Believe it or not, sandpaper can be used for drawing. This light sandpaper is intended for heavy application of media while remaining rough. • Sketching Paper • Sketch Paper is most often used for practice, experimenting with new media, and a quick mark up of what will be completed on a heavier paper. Sketch paper is lighter than drawing paper.
- 13. • Tracing Paper • Tracing paper is transparent and lightweight. It is used to transfer images from one paper to another or for tracing. • Toned Paper • Toned paper comes in shades: blue, gray, and tan. The tone of this paper gives you the ability to sketch and draw on • mid-range colored paper to give it a different look. • Vellum Paper • Vellum is a paper that is translucent and has a variety of uses, especially for arts and crafts.
- 14. • Watercolourssss Paper - • Watercolor paper is the largest category of paper. It comes in a wide variety of weights and textures. Typical weights include 90 lb, 140 lb, and 300 lb. The higher the weight means, the stiffer the paper is.
- 15. • Cartridge Paper – Best for Dry Media The paper most commonly associated with drawing is cartridge paper. It is so-called because it was used in the making of paper cartridges in the sixteenth century, holding the ammunition of gunpowder and bullets together for loading into hand-held firearms.
- 16. • Types of drawing • Caricature drawing. Caricature drawings are images that depict their subjects in oversimplified or overdramatized manners. ... • Cartoon drawing. ... • Figure drawing. ... • Gesture drawing. ... • Line drawing. ... • Perspective drawing. ... • Photorealism. ...
- 17. • Paper technology likely arrived in India from China through Tibet and Nepal around mid-7th century, when Buddhist monks freely traveled, exchanged ideas and goods between Tibet and Buddhist centers in India. • In India, the first paper industry was developed in Kashmir, established by Sultan Zainul Abedin (Shahi Khan) of Kashmir in 1417-67 AD. Actually his father Sultan Sikander (c.1386-1410) was ruling over Kashmir at the time of Timur's invasion of India (AD 1398).
- 18. • Paper is made in two steps: • Cellulose fibers are extracted from a variety of sources and converted to pulp. • Pulp is combined with water and placed on a paper making machine where it is flattened, dried, and cut into sheets and rolls. • Most paper is made from forestry products, usually trees. The most common of trees that paper comes from are: • Spruce • Pine • Fir • Larch • Hemlock • Eucalyptus • Aspen • Birch
- 19. • Papermaking is often traced to an official in the Imperial Chinese court called Cai Lun (Tshai Lun or T'sai Lun), during the Han Dynasty and in about 105 AD. Cai Lun created writing paper using mulberry and other bast fibres along with fishnets, old rags, and hemp waste, but did not invent papermaking. Papermaking is the manufacture of paper and cardboard, which are used widely for printing, writing, and packaging, among many other purposes. Today almost all paper is made using industrial machinery, while handmade paper survives as a specialized craft and a medium for artistic expression.
- 20. • Hemp paper had been used in China for wrapping and padding since the eighth century BCE. Paper with legible Chinese writings on it has been dated to 8 BCE. • In the 8th century, papermaking spread to the Islamic world, where the process was refined, and machinery was designed for bulk manufacturing. Production began in Samarkand, Baghdad, Damascus, Cairo, Morocco, and then Muslim Spain.