Introduction to Metadata
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The document provides an overview of metadata, describing it as structured data that characterizes resources in areas such as libraries and archives. It outlines the types of metadata—descriptive, administrative, and structural—and discusses their purposes and various schemas including Dublin Core and MARC. Additionally, it highlights the crucial role of metadata in resource discovery and management, as well as tools for creating it.
Introduction to Metadata
- 1. METADATA: AN INTRODUCTIONPresented by:Hamidahbt. HJ. A. RahmanSenior LecturerFaculty of Information ManagementUiTMPuncakPerdana Campus40150 Shah AlamSELANGOR DARUL EHSAN4/5/20101
- 2. Metadata is structured data which describes the characteristics of a resource. It shares many similar characteristics to the cataloguing that takes place in libraries, museums and archives. The term "meta" derives from the Greek word denoting a nature of a higher order or more fundamental kind. A metadata record consists of a number of pre-defined elements representing specific attributes of a resource, and each element can have one or more values.4/5/20102What is metadata?
- 3. What is metadata?Structured data about resourcesLibrary cataloguesAbstracting and indexing servicesArchival finding aidsMuseum documentationCommunity informationCarriers: MARC, HTML, SGML, XML4/5/20103
- 4. Types of metadataDescriptive MetadataAdministrative MetadataStructural Metadata4/5/20104
- 5. Types of metadataDescriptive MetadataAdministrative MetadataStructural Metadata4/5/20105
- 6. Types of metadataDescriptive Metadata: to serve the purposes of discovery (how one finds a resource), identification (how a resource can be distinguished from other, similar resources), and selection (how to determine that a resource fills a particular need, for example, for the DVD version of a video recording)4/5/20106
- 7. Types of metadataAdministrative Metadata:is information intended to facilitate the management of resources. It can include such information as when and how an object was created,who is responsible for controlling access to or archiving the content, what control or processing activities have been performed in relation to it, and what restrictions on access or use apply.4/5/20107
- 8. Types of metadataStructural Metadata (SM):can be thought of as the glue that holds compound digital objects together. A book, for example, may have many chapters, each consisting of a set of pages, each page represented by a separate digital file. Structural metadata (SM) is required to record the relationships between physical files and pages, between pages and chapters, and between chapters and the book as a whole. Presentation software uses SM to display Tables of contents and to deliver such functions as going directly to a requested chapter, or to turn pages forward or backward in order.4/5/20108
- 9. Why use metadata?Metadata provides the essential link between the information creator and the information user.4/5/20109
- 10. Aim of metadataWhile the primary aim of metadata is to improve resource discovery, metadata sets are also being developed for other reasons, including:administrative control
- 11. security
- 14. content rating
- 17. Metadata may be deployed in a number of ways:Embedding the metadata in the Web page by the creator or their agent using META tags in the HTML coding of the page As a separate HTML document linked to the resource it describes In a database linked to the resource. The records may either have been directly created within the database or extracted from another source, such as Web pages.4/5/201011
- 18. Some of the most popular metadata schemas include:Dublin Core
- 19. AACR2 (Anglo-American Cataloging Rules)
- 20. GILS (Government Information Locator Service)
- 21. EAD (Encoded Archives Description) IMS (IMS Global Learning Consortium) AGLS (Australian Government Locator Service) 4/5/201012
- 22. The data will be unusable, unless the encoding scheme understands the semantics of the metadata schema. The encoding allows the metadata to be processed by a computer program. Important schemes include:HTML(Hyper-Text Markup Language) SGML (Standard Generalised Markup Language) XML (eXtensible Markup Language) RDF (Resource Description Framework) MARC (MAchine Readable Cataloging) MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) 4/5/201013
- 23. Markup languagesSGML- Standard Generalised Markup Language - controls document formatting for publicationXML- Extensible Markup Language - “next generation” SGMLHTML- Hyper Text Markup Language - SGML subset, controls display of web pagesTags (usually paired) structure text into elementse.g. headings, paragraphs, lists, etc.<title> </title> <p> </p> <li> </li>4/5/201014
- 24. MARC - structure Structured format
- 25. Numeric and alpha tags
- 26. Fixed fields
- 29. MARC – elements1XX Main entry2XX Title, SR, edition, publication3XX Physical description4XX Series5XX Notes6XX Subject access7XX Added entries8XX Added entries for series9XX References and local fields4/5/201016
- 30. ONIX - structureCarrier - XML
- 31. Primary use
- 32. publishers to Internet booksellers
- 33. rich product information In use first version 1999
- 34. current version Release 2.0 (2001)
- 35. Elements – XML reference name and tag4/5/201017
- 36. ONIX - elements Message header
- 37. Product recordidentifiers, author, title, edition, language, subject, audience, descriptions, publisher, datesterritorial rights, dimensions, suppliers, availability, promotions Main series and sub series records4/5/201018
- 38. ONIX record<ISBN> 0123456789 </ISBN><DistinctiveTitle> Alice in Wonderland </Distinctive Title><Contributor><ContributorRole> Author </ContributorRole> <PersonNameInverted> Carroll, Lewis </PersonNameInverted> </Contributor><PublisherName> Collins </PublisherName><PublicationDate> 2000 </Publication Date>4/5/201019
- 39. Dublin Core - structure Simple resource discovery DCMES – Dublin Core Metadata Element Set HTML the most common ‘carrier’ Comprises 15 elements with element qualifiers element encoding schemes optional/mandatory elements Application profiles4/5/201020
- 40. Dublin Core - elementsTitleCreatorSubjectDescriptionPublisherContributorDateResource TypeFormatResource IdentifierSourceLanguageRelationCoverageRights4/5/201021
- 41. Dublin Core - record<Title> Alice in Wonderland </Title><Creator> Lewis Carroll </Creator><Subject> <LCSH> Fiction </LCSH> </Subject><Publisher> Project Gutenberg </Publisher><Date> 2000 </Date><Format> ASCII file via FTP </Format><Identifier> http://promo.net/pg/….. </Identifier> 4/5/201022
- 42. Encoded Archival Description EAD1993 project to develop standard for machine-readable finding aids,Version 1 1998 SGML (and XML compliant)
- 43. Hierarchical structure of archivesrepository, management group, fonds, series, file, item Possible to embed MARC elements4/5/201023
- 44. EAD - structure<ead> <eadheader> </eadheader> <frontmatter> [optional] </frontmatter> <archdesc> <did> </did> </archdesc></ead>4/5/201024
- 45. EAD - elements<eadheader> [id + bibliographic inf. for finding aid]<archdesc> [data on a body of archival materials]<did> [container, physical description, physical location, repository, date and title of unit]<admininfo> [biography, scope, access, arrangement]<controlaccess> [name, place, genre, subject, title]</archdesc>4/5/201025
- 46. EAD record - <header><ead><eadheader><eadid> LKX-3042 </eadid<filedesc><titlestmt> <titleproper> Pitman Shorthand Collection Catalogue </titleproper> <author> Ann Chapman </author> </titlestmt><publicationstmt> <date> 1990 </date> <publisher> Bath University Library </publisher> </publicationstmt> </filedesc> </eadheader> 4/5/201026
- 47. EAD record - <archdesc><archdesc> collection<did> <abstract> A collection of materials in and aboutshorthand collected by Sir Isaac Pitman and JamesPitman</abstract> </did><controlaccess><subject encodinganalog=“MARC650”> Shorthand </subject></controlaccess> </archdesc></ead>4/5/201027
- 48. Collection DescriptionSchema developed May 2000Access version for RSLP – summer 2001Web version for Reveal – spring 2002General attributesSubjectDatesAssociated agentsExternal relationships4/5/201028
- 49. Coll.Desc. - elementsGeneral: title, identifier, description, strength, physical characteristics, language, type, access control, accrual status, legal status, custodial history, note, locationSubject: concept, object, name, place, timeDates: accumulation, contentsAgents: creator, ownerRelationships: sub/super collections, catalogues and descriptions, associated collections and publications4/5/201029
- 50. Coll. Desc. - recordTitle: Pitman CollectionStrength: Shorthand – national collectionPhys. Desc: Printed texts and manuscriptsLang: English, Spanish, Esperanto, ……Access: Written request to the Librarian, Bath Univ.Accrual: passive, deposit Location: The Library, Bath University, BathSubject: Shorthand, Sir Isaac PitmanOwner: Pitman Publishing Co.Catalogue: Bath University OPAC4/5/201030
- 51. M21 Community InformationSame principles as MARC BibliographicLeader individual/organization/program/event/otherFixed fields001-008, 010-099 fixed fields007 disability facilities008 special aspectsVariable fields4/5/201031
- 52. M21 Comm. Inf. - elements1XX Name 2XX Title and Address3XX Physical description4XX Series (for events)5XX Notes6XX Subject access7XX Added entries8XX Other variable fields4/5/201032
- 53. M21 Comm. Inf. - record110 $a CILIP245 $a CILIP HQ247 $a LA HQ $f 19?? - 2002270 $a 7 Ridgmount St, London, WC1E 7AE $k 020 7255 0505 $m info@cilip.org.uk$r 9am to 6pm311 $a Ewart Room $d seats 50 $g £100 per day312 $a Overhead projector $f £10 per day581 $a Library + Information Update856 $a http://www.cilip.org.uk4/5/201033
- 54. Metadata – fit for purpose MARC Bibliographic
- 55. ONIX
- 56. Dublin Core
- 57. EAD
- 59. M21 Community Information4/5/201034
- 60. How does one create metadata?DC-dot - http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/metadata/dcdot/. This service will retrieve a Web page and automatically generate Dublin Core metadata, either as HTML tags or as RDF/XML, suitable for embedding in the section of the page. DCmeta - http://www.dstc.edu.au/RDU/MetaWeb/generic_tool.html. Developed by Tasmania Online. It is based on SuperNoteTab text-editor and can be customised. HotMeta - http://www.dstc.edu.au/Research/Projects/hotmeta/. A package of software, including metadata editor, repository and search engine. 4/5/201035