1 intro tosexuality
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This document provides an overview of the history of human sexuality from ancient times to the present. It discusses various cultures' attitudes toward sexuality, including ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome, India, China, early Christianity, the Middle Ages, and more recent eras. It also outlines major events and movements that impacted views of sexuality, such as feminism, gay rights, and sexual revolutions. The overall purpose is to examine how understandings and treatment of sexuality have changed across history and societies.
1 intro tosexuality
- 1. Introduction to the Study of Human Sexuality WARNING: THIS MATERIAL INCLUDES SEXUALLY EXPLICIT IMAGES/WORDS AND IS NOT EXPECTED TO BE VIEWED BY YOUNGER PEOPLE. IF SO, PROPER GUIDANCE IS ADVISED!
- 2. Why Study Sexuality? Some students have parents who provide an education in terms of sexuality, while others never spoke of it Some schools offer sex education as a course while other learn via the media or through their own peers Our family of origin is the one who largely influences us We also learn from our romantic partners, friends, religion, society, and etc. Current Issues: Same-Sex Marriage Legalization CoEd Dorms Sexually Transmitted Infections/Diseases
- 3. What is Sexuality? Human sexuality is grounded in biological functioning, emerging in each of us as we develop, and is expressed by cultures through rules about sexual contact, attitudes about moral and immoral sexuality, habits of sexual behavior, patterns of relations between the sexes, and more. It is studied by sexologists
- 4. The Impact of Media Television Magazines Advertisements Pornographic Pictures/Videos
- 5. History of Sexuality Our ancestors were quadrupeds Phallus- symbol of sex and potency; associated with aggression Upright posture of breasts Because more body area is in contact in face-to-face intercourse than in rear entry, the entire sensual aspect on intercourse was enhanced, manipulation of the breasts became possible (the breasts are sexual organs only in humans), and the female clitoris was much more easily stimulated.
- 6. History of Sexuality: Ancient Egypt Egyptians condemned adultery among women Egyptian women had the right to divorce a husband, but not among Hebrew women Circumcision Temple Prostitutes: Women in ancient cultures who would have sex with worshippers at pagan temples to provide money for the temple or to worship the gods.
- 7. History of Sexuality: Hebrews The Hebrew bible contained explicit rules about sexual behavior Tales of sexual misconduct: Adultery Homosexuality Sex within family members Incest Sexual Betrayal Sex outside of marriage Sexual jealousy Tales of marital love The Hebrew Bible sees the marital union and its sexual nature as an expression of love and affection, as a man and woman “become one flesh.”
- 8. History of Sexuality: Greeks Sexually Permissive Bestiality: sex with animals Can be seen in some stories and myths Aphrodite: goddess of sexual intercourse Eros: god of love; son of Aphrodite Pederasty: postpubescent males having a sexual intercourse with adult Mentor and Student relationship Man’s nonsexual love for another man was seen as the ideal love, superior to the sexual love for women. Platonic- friendships without a sexual element
- 9. History of Sexuality: Romans Permissive on bisexual and homosexual behaviors Marriage and sexual relations were means of improving one’s economic and social status Wives encourages husbands to have slaves for sexual release
- 10. History of Sexuality: India Karma Patriarchal Female infanticide Marriage is an economic and religious obligation Kamasutra appeared around 400 B.C Discussed the nature of love Naming and classifying things, especially through the size of the penis and vagina Recommends women to learn on how to please their husbands Sex should be a passionate activity, it may include scratching, biting, and blows to the back accompanied by a variety of animal noises
- 11. History of Sexuality: China Interdependence of all things, unified in Tao Yin (women’s essence) and Yang (male’s semen) Sexual instruction and manuals are openly available in early Chinese societies’ Heterosexual intercourse should be prolonged as possible without male ejaculation. Same-sex intercourse is not discouraged but male homosexuality was viewed as a waste of spem Sexual devices were common Practice of Polygamy
- 12. History of Sexuality: Early Christianity Formalized with the teachings of St. Paul Jesus was silent but seems to be liberal about it. men should be held to the same standards as women on issues of adultery, divorce, and remarriage “Let he who is without sin cast the first stone.” Celibacy Chastity as a virtue Non-procreative sex is a sin Cognitive dissonance occurs among people
- 13. History of Sexuality: Middle Ages Increase of Church’s influence The Church became strict during the 13th Century. 1215- Confession Woman as a place of purity Woman as a model of virtue Entremetteuse- teaches young men the ways of love who was said to know the secrets of restoring potency, virginity, and concocting positions Ascetism- the practice of a lifestyle that rejects sensual pleasures such as drinking alcohol, eating rich food, or engaging in sex.
- 14. History of Sexuality: Islam Satr al-’awra – covering the private parts of the body Muhammad tried to preserve the rights of women Women in Islamic lands are subjugated to men Koran likens wives to fields that men should cultivate as frequently as they want. Harems- secluded areas of a woman’s rich husband in order to learn how to become self- sufficient in the absence of men Eunuchs- guards the women who might want to sleep with the sultan
- 15. History of Sexuality: Renaissance A shift in intellectual and artistic thought from God to humans Women were having advancements 1532- debates on women Women are peaceful, chaste, refined, and faithful 17th Century witchcraft trials
- 16. History of Sexuality: Reformation Martin Luther King challenged Papal authority; allowed divorce John Calvin – women were not just reproductive vessels but men’s partners in all things
- 17. History of Sexuality: Enlightenment Sexual pleasure is natural and desirable Rise in premarital sex and illegitimate birth 1730 – Sodomite panic in Netherlands Napoleon eased laws against homosexuality 1860- French male prostitution
- 18. History of Sexuality: Victorian Era Prosperity in England Conservative sexual attitudes Pornography, Extramarital affairs, and prostitution were common Male Chivalry Women does not talk about sex, even to a doctor Sexuality is repressed
- 19. History of Sexuality: Puritan Ethic Puritans – a religious group who tried to set up a biblically based society in the New World Community is responsible for upholding morality Sexuality was good and proper within marriage Non-missionary sex style position Sexual intercourse during menstruation Lack of women Freer sexuality Bundling – young couples were allowed to share a bed as long as they are clothed, wrapped in sheets/bags, or had a wooden bundling board Premarital pregnancy as an indication of quick marriage
- 20. History of Sexuality: Liberalization of Sex People began to openly discuss 1/3 of all brides in some parts of New England were pregnant 1720 – prostitution was rare Late 18th Century – brothels were attacked Contraception were already available Decline in birth rate
- 21. History of Sex: Slavery Indentured Servants - A person who is bound by requirements to work for another person for a specified time in exchange for payment of travel and living expenses. 1670 – slaves were common in the South Anti-miscegenation laws forbids sexuality, marriage, or breeding among members of different races. Whites accused African slaves of having loose morals
- 22. History of Sexuality: 19th Century 1820s Free Love Movement - love, not marriage, should be the prerequisite to sexual relations. Mormons practiced polygamy Close of 19th Century – medical model of sexuality Anthony Comstock outlawed obscenity
- 23. History of Sexuality: 20th Century Social Hygiene Movement Began in 1905 Curious mixture of liberal and traditional methods Anti-premarital sex Masturbation can harm Sex Education Movement Sexology Scientific advances in understanding human sexuality The work of these sexologists helped to demystify sex and make it more respectable to publicly discuss the sexual behaviors and problems of real people. Sexual Revolutions Reich believed in sexually liberated society 1953 – Playboy began under Hugh Hefner Helen Gurley Brown - Cosmopolitan Changes in sexual morality and sexual behavior that occurred throughout the Western world during the 1960s and 1970s
- 24. History of Sexuality: 20th Century Feminism Women’s suffrage movement Margaret Sanger influenced women’s sexuality Katharine Dexter McCormick – Birth Control League Planned Parenthood Simone de Beauvoir’s The Second Sex (1949) showed that women were not granted an identity of their own but were considered the objects of men’s wishes and anxieties. Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique (1963) stated that educated, bright women felt trapped in the role of housewife and wanted careers to have happier, more fulfilled lives Kate Millett’s Sexual Politics (1969) which was written during the Vietnam War stated that patriarchy bred violence and forced to renounce men everything that is feminine in them. Rape was seen as an act of aggression aimed at controlling women
- 25. History of Sexuality: 20th Century World War II was challenging for homosexuals Homosexuals were portrayed as perverts, lurking in schools and on street corners ready to pounce on unsuspecting youth, and many were thrown out of work or imprisoned in jails and mental hospitals. 1951- Mattachine Society was founded by Harry Hay 1955 – Daughters of Bilitis was founded by 4 lesbian couples in San Francisco 1969 – police raided Stonewall 1973 – homosexuality was removed from the DSM 1990 – Queer Theory Former US President Barack Obama’s legalizagion of Same-Sex Marriage