1 introducing embedded systems and the microcontrollers
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This document introduces embedded systems and microcontrollers. It defines an embedded system as a system whose main function is not computational but is controlled by a computer embedded within it. Examples of embedded systems are given such as refrigerators, car doors, and autonomous robots. The document discusses computer essentials including instruction sets and memory types. It describes microprocessors and microcontrollers, with microcontrollers having added circuitry. The PIC microcontroller family is introduced, including the 12 series PIC microcontroller which is used to demonstrate common microcontroller features.
1 introducing embedded systems and the microcontrollers
- 1. Introducing Embedded Systems and the Microcontrollers Chapter One Dr. Gheith Abandah 1
- 2. Outline • • • • • • Definition of Embedded Systems Examples Computer Essentials Microprocessors and Microcontrollers PIC Microcontrollers 12 Series PIC Dr. Gheith Abandah 2
- 3. Definition of Embedded Systems • Embedded system: is a system whose principal function is not computational, but which is controlled by a computer embedded within it. Dr. Gheith Abandah 3
- 4. Examples: Refrigerator Dr. Gheith Abandah 4
- 5. Examples: Car Door Dr. Gheith Abandah 5
- 6. Examples: Electronic Ping-pong Dr. Gheith Abandah 6
- 7. Examples: Derbot Autonomous Guided Vehicle Dr. Gheith Abandah 7
- 8. Examples: Derbot Autonomous Guided Vehicle Dr. Gheith Abandah 8
- 9. Outline • • • • • • Definition of Embedded Systems Examples Computer Essentials Microprocessors and Microcontrollers PIC Microcontrollers 12 Series PIC Dr. Gheith Abandah 9
- 10. Computer Essentials Dr. Gheith Abandah 10
- 11. Computer Essentials • Instruction Sets – CISC: Complex Instruction Set Computer – RISC: Reduced Instruction Set Computer • Memory Types – Volatile: Random Access Memory (RAM) – Non-volatile: Read Only Memory (ROM) Dr. Gheith Abandah 11
- 12. Von Neumann and Harvard Computers Dr. Gheith Abandah 12
- 13. Microprocessors and Microcontrollers • The microprocessor is a processor on one silicon chip. • The microcontrollers are used in embedded computing. • The microcontroller is a microprocessor with added circuitry. Dr. Gheith Abandah 13
- 15. Microcontroller Families Dr. Gheith Abandah 15
- 16. Microcontroller Packaging and Appearance From left to right: PIC 12F508, PIC 16F84A, PIC 16C72, Motorola 68HC05B16, PIC 16F877, Motorola 68000 Dr. Gheith Abandah 16
- 17. Outline • • • • • • Definition of Embedded Systems Examples Computer Essentials Microprocessors and Microcontrollers PIC Microcontrollers 12 Series PIC Dr. Gheith Abandah 17
- 18. PIC Microcontrollers • Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) was originally designed by General Instruments • In the late 1970s, GI introduced PIC® 1650 and 1655 – RISC with 30 instructions. • PIC was sold to Microchip • Features: low-cost, self-contained, 8-bit, Harvard structure, pipelined, RISC, single accumulator, with fixed reset and interrupt vectors. Dr. Gheith Abandah 18
- 19. PIC Families PIC Family Stack Size Instruction Word Size No of Instructions Interrupt Vectors 12CX/12FX 2 12- or 14-bit 33 None 16C5X/16F5X 2 12-bit 33 None 16CX/16FX 8 14-bit 35 1 17CX 16 16-bit 58 4 18CX/18FX 32 16-bit 75 2 ‘C’ implies CMOS technology; Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor ‘F’ insert indicates incorporation of Flash memory technology Example: 16C84 was the first of its kind. It was later reissued as the 16F84, incorporating Flash memory technology. It was then reissued as 16F84A. Dr. Gheith Abandah 19
- 20. 12 Series PIC The small 12F508 Dr. Gheith Abandah 20
- 21. PIC 12F508/509 pin connection diagram Dr. Gheith Abandah 21
- 22. The 12F508 Architecture Dr. Gheith Abandah 22
- 23. Summary • • • • • An embedded system is a product that has one or more computers embedded within it, which exercise primarily a control function. The embedded computer is usually a microcontroller: a microprocessor adapted for embedded control applications. Microcontrollers are designed according to accepted electronic and computer principles, and are fundamentally made up of microprocessor core, memory and peripherals. Microchip offers a wide range of microcontrollers, divided into a number of different families. Each family has identical central architecture and instruction set. However, common features also appear across all their microcontrollers. The Microchip 12F508 is a good microcontroller to introduce a range of features of microcontrollers in general and of PIC microcontrollers in particular. Dr. Gheith Abandah 23