1. Introduction to Information Technology.pptx

Editor's Notes

• #4: Information technology includes developing a company’s communications networks, protecting data and information, managing databases, assisting staff members with computer or mobile device issues, and performing a variety of other tasks to guarantee the effectiveness and security of business information.
• #5: EVERYBODY USES INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, FROM LARGE CORPORATIONS TO ONE-PERSON SHOPS AND SMALL ACTIVITIES. IT IS USED BY MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS TO MANAGE DATA AND INNOVATE THEIR PROCESSES.
• #6: Information technology is a broad term that involves the use of technology to communicate, transfer data and process information. The different trends within information technology include, but aren’t limited to:
• #7: is the systematic computational analysis of data or statistics. It is used for the discovery, interpretation, and communication
• #14: Maintenance and repair Networks Robotics Software/application development
• #15: SCADA is a computer-based system for gathering and analyzing real-time data to monitor and control equipment that deals with critical and time-sensitive materials or events.
• #17: Information technology plays a prominent role in business and provides a foundation for much of our current workforce. From communications to data management and operational efficiency, IT supports many business functions and helps drive productivity. Information technology drives much of what we do in our personal and professional lives. It is the foundation of our communication, technological advancement, innovation, sustainability and recreation. We use information technology on a personal level to connect and communicate with others, play games, share media, shop and be social. From a career perspective, information technology is largely responsible for much of our business operations and spans nearly every industry. From healthcare to food services, manufacturing to sales, and beyond, we rely on IT to help connect us to others, store and manage information and create more efficient processes.
• #18: The history of technology is the story of humanity's efforts to control its environment for its own benefit by creating tools. Tools are artifacts that are constructed to aid a human being to solve a problem. Thus, tools amplify human behavior, but they are morally malleable.
• #19: First generation (1950s) The first generation of computers used vacuum tubes as suis. Vacuum tubes failed frequently so first generation computers did not work most of the time. • Example :
• #20: ENIAC (Electronic Integrator & Calculator) vacuum tubes. • First electronic digital computer. • Area: 140 meter square, Power : 130 kWatt, 18000 unit vacuum tube, Capability: 5000 addition, 300 times per sec.
• #21: UNIVAC 1 (Universal Automation Calculator). • Used for business data processing • Used mercury to data storage. Before the 1950s, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University were identified as places where computer circuits and numerical calculations were initially debated and considered. Over time, the fields of computer science and information technology become increasingly sophisticated and capable of processing larger amounts of data. Academic publications from various organizations started to appear.
• #22: When it comes to early computing, Alan Turing, John Mauchly, and J. Presper Eckert were regarded as some of the most important forerunners of computer technology in the middle of the 1900s. Although they deserve a lot of credit for their advancements, the majority of their work was devoted to creating the first digital computer. Topics like artificial intelligence also started to come up as Turing started to doubt the state of the technology at the time.
• #23: Devices have been used to aid computation for thousands of years, probably initially in the form of a tally stick. The Antikythera mechanism, dating from about the beginning of the first century BC, is generally considered the earliest known mechanical analog computer, and the earliest known geared mechanism. Comparable geared devices did not emerge in Europe until the 16th century, and it was not until 1645 that the first mechanical calculator capable of performing the four basic arithmetical operations was developed.
• #24: In the early 1940s, electronic computers that used relays or valves started to develop. The world's first programmable computer and, by today's standards, one of the earliest devices that may be regarded as a full computing machine was the electromechanical Zuse Z3, which was finished in 1941. Colossus created the first electrical digital computer during World War II, which allowed it to decipher German communications. Although it was programmable, it was not general-purpose, being designed to perform only a single task. It also lacked the ability to store its program in memory; programming was carried out using plugs and switches to alter the internal wiring. The first recognizably modern electronic digital stored-program computer was the Manchester Baby, which ran its first program on 21 June 1948.
• #25: Bell Laboratories' advancement in transistor technology in the late 1940s made it possible to construct a new generation of computers with significantly lower power requirements. The Ferranti Mark I, the first stored-program computer to be sold commercially, used 25 kilowatts of electricity and had 4050 valves. In contrast, the final version of the University of Manchester's first transistorized computer, which was operational by November 1953, only required 150 watts of power.
• #27: Basic concept and terminology of information technology • Five parts of an information system • Define information technology • Emerging technologies in computing • Various measures to secure data Applications of ICT • Importance of a life-long learning and continual professional dev. To an IT professional
• #28: 1. Hardware : •refers to all the system's physical equipment that processes the data to create information. 2. Software: is a program that contains the step- by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its work. 3. People People used information systems in order to increase productivity. 4. Procedures Are rules or guidelines for people to follow when using software, hardware and data 5. Data data consists of raw unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images and sounds.
• #33: Basic IT terminology IT TERMINOLOGY TERM access point A device that allows wireless-equipped computers and other devices to communicate with a wired network accessibility: As specified in Section 508 of the 1998 Rehabilitation Act, the process of designing and developing Web sites and other technology that can be navigated and understood by all people, including those with visual, hearing, motor, or cognitive impairments. This type of design also can benefit people with older/ slower software and hardware address: Identifies the location of an Intermet resource. Examples: an e-mail address (sales@dataprise.com), a web address (http://www.dataprise.com), or an internet address (192.168.100.1) alas A short, easy to remember name crested for use in place of a longer, more complicated name, commonly used in e-mail applications. Also referred to as a "nickname"
• #34: accessibility: As specified in Section 508 of the 1998 Rehabilitation Act, the process of designing and developing Web sites and other technology that can be navigated and understood by all people, including those with visual, hearing, motor, or cognitive impairments. This type of design also can benefit people with older/ slower software and hardware
• #35: address: Identifies the location of an Intermet resource. Examples: an e-mail address (sales@dataprise.com), a web address (http://www.dataprise.com), or an internet address (192.168.100.1) alas A short, easy to remember name crested for use in place of a longer, more complicated name, commonly used in e-mail applications. Also referred to as a "nickname"
• #36: Applet: A program capable of running on any computer regardless of the operating system application: A program designed for a specific purpose, such as word processing or graphic design attachment: In this context, a file that is sent along with an e-mail message. ASCII (plain text files may be appended to the message text, but other types of files are encoded and sent separately (common formats that can be selected include MIME, BinHex, and Uuencode). authentication: The process of identifying yourself and the verification that you're who you say you are Computers where restricted information is stored may require you to enter your usemame and password to gain access
• #37: backbone: A term that is often used to describe the main network connections that comprise the internet or other major network bandwidth A measurement of the amount of data that can be transmitted over a network at any given time. The higher the network's bandwidth, the greater the volume of data that can be transmitted binary file A file that cannot be read by standard text editor programs like Notepad or Simple Text. Examples: documents created by applications such as Microsoft Word or WordPerfector DOS files with the extension.com or "exe" A binary digit (either 0 or 1); it is the most basic unit of data that can be recognized and processed by a computer. blog Refers to a weblog, a web page that contains joumal-like entries and links that are updated daily for public viewing bluetooth A wireless networking technology that allows users to send voice and data from one electronic device to another via radio waves bridge: A device used for connecting two Local Area Networks (LANs) or bio segments of the same LAN; bridges forward packets without analyzing or re-routing them.
• #38: browser: A program used to access World Wide Web pages. Examples: Firefox, Safari or Internet Explorer. Refers to: 1) a region of computer memory where frequently accessed data can be stored for rapid access, or 2) a optional file on your hard drive where such data also can be stored. Examples: Internet cache Explorer and Firefox have options for defining both memory and disk cache. The act of storing data for fast retheval is called "caching" client A program or computer that connects to and requests information from a server: Internet Explorer or Firefox A client program also may be referred to as "client software" or "client-server software"