1. Introduction to workshop practice PP.t.pdf

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ADDIS ABABA SCINECE AND TECHNOLOGE UNIVERSITY
College of Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering
General workshop practice (CEng2110)
1.Introduction to workshop practice
Lecture material by:
Zemu Gina
AASTU, Addis Ababa Ethiopia
March 2024

Briefings on the Course outline
2
Course Learning Outcomes(CLO):
After completion of this course, students will be able to:
1. Identify and Select appropriate tools and materials required for each activity.
2. Apply basic techniques for masonry and concreting works and supervise effectively
3. Install the plumbing and fixtures for buildings and Observe the technical aspects
involved in workmanship of various plumbing tasks
4. Select finishing material for plastering and painting & Carry out the works with high
quality.
5. Produce a Proto type model using timber products, metal sheets and electrode
coatings either on a construction site, or in a workshop and Discuss the types and
uses of drilling techniques.
6. Provide and fix electrical, aluminum works, glass works and similar works
7. Inspect construction site, identify and apply different workshop activities

Course Description:
3
NO Topic Week
no
Continuous
ass`t. type
1 1. Introduction to workshop practice
1.1. Introduction to civil engineering profession
1.2. Introduction to workshop
1.3.Workshop practice, safety, care and precaution in workshop
01
Project-1,
Final
2 2. Concrete Work
2.2. Introduction to concrete
2.3. Concrete properties
2.4. Introduction to concrete tests
2.5. Introduction to mix design of concretes
01
Quize-1
Project-1,
Final
3 3. Reinforcement Bars
3.1. Introduction to reinforcement bars and
3.2. Bar bending, tying works
01
Quize-1
Project-1,
Final
4 4.Carpentry Work
4.1. Types of woods/timber
4.2. Different types of tools,
4.3. Machines and accessories for wood works
02 Project-1,
Final
5 5. Masonry, Brick and Concrete block Work
5.1.Introduction to Stone Masonry
5.2. Introduction to Brick Masonry
5.3. Introduction to Concrete block
02
Quiz-2
Project-1,
Final

4
NO Topic
Week
No
Continuous
ass`t type
6 6. Metal and Aluminum Work
6.1. Metal work 6.2. Welding and Drilling
6.3. Types of welding, Selection of welding rod material, welding
processes.
6.4. Fitting operation like chipping, filing, right angle, marking, drilling,
tapping etc.
6.5. Drilling machine. 6.6. aluminum works–glass works
03
Project-2,
Final
7 7. Plumbing Work
7.1. Different types of pipes
7.2. Joints, taps, fixtures and accessories used in plumbing.
7.3. Components (pipes, bends, chambers etc.) used in
sanitary/sewerage lines
7.4. Scheme/plan for water supply and sanitary system for a simple
Residential building
03
Project-2,
Final
8 8. Finishing Works
8.1. Plastering, Pointing, 8.2.. Flooring, 8.3. Skirting and
8.4. Dado False ceiling,
8.5. Whitewashing and painting: brush, roller and spray painting,
types of finishing, preparation of
surface, need of primer for timber, steel and plastered surface.
04 Project-2,
Final
9 9. Basic electrical installation,
9.1. Electrical wires 9.2. Electrical fixtures and fittings 04
Project-2,
Final
10 Field practical on: Last two week of the semester Project-
2,final

CLO-Assessment mapping
5
References:
• Lecture material prepared by the instructor
Suggested materials for further reading:
• Relevant operational manuals of respective tools and machines

1.INTRODUCTION TO WORKSHOP PRACTICE
6 1.1. Introduction to civil engineering profession
 Engineering is an art of converting scientific knowledge, principles, theories and other
facts in to useful practical applications for the benefit of mankind. Civil engineering is a
branch of engineering dealing with the design, construction and maintenance of the
physical and naturally built environment including highways, buildings, bridges,
tunnels, waterworks, harbors, etc.
 Civil Engineering as defined by the London based Institute of Civil Engineers (ICE) is a
great art, on which the wealth and well-being of the whole society depends. Its essential
feature, as distinct from science and the arts,
 It is the exercise of imagination to develop products, processes and people needed to
create a sustainable physical and natural built environment. It requires a broad
understanding of scientific principles, knowledge of materials and the art of analysis and
synthesis. It also requires research, team working, and leadership and business skills.
 A Civil Engineer is someone who practices all or part of this art

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Civil engineers: are primarily responsible for the planning, design and
construction of infrastructure which includes:
 Major buildings, bridges, dams, pipelines, sewage and water
treatment plants, and various transportation systems and facilities.
 In order to provide workable, durable, and affordable solutions
to society's infrastructure needs,
 As mentioned above, civil engineering field of study covers a wide
area of applications which requires categorization based on
mastery on specific area.

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To mean a few specializations of civil engineering discipline:
 Structural Engineering: Structural analysis and design of buildings and bridges
 Geotechnical Engineering: Soil investigation, foundation design, tunneling, etc
 Highway (Transportation Engineering): Roads, railways, public transport, etc
 Hydraulic Engineering: Analysis of hydrology, catchment area, hydraulic designs of dams
 Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering: Water supply dam, storage reservoirs,
sanitary lines, water treatment facilities
 Construction Technology and Management:
 Construction projects involve many people from highly skilled professionals
(Architects; designers; engineers; surveyors, contractors; sub-contractors) to
low skilled people (laborers), all working together to meet the needs of the
client. These construction professionals are brought together for a specific
construction project and then disbanded once construction is complete.

1.2. Introduction to workshop
9 What is a workshop in engineering?
 Workshop is a controlled environment or space where individuals, often with a
specific skill or interest, come together to engage in hands-on activities, learning,
and collaborative work.
 Engineering workshop is the laboratory which provides both the area and tools (or
machinery) that may be required for the manufacture or repair of manufactured
goods.
 Workshops are designed to provide practical experience, training, and knowledge
sharing on a particular subject or skill set.
 Workshop practice gives the basic working knowledge required for the production of
various engineering products.
 It explains the construction, function, use and application of different working tools,
equipment, machines as well as the technique of manufacturing a product from its
raw material.
 In order to have a balanced overall development of budding engineers, it is

1.2 Introduction to workshop
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Introduction to safety in workshop
So for engineering students, the role of workshop is immense as it provide hands-on practices on
building, fabrication, manufacturing, or installation related works
In doing so, the students will
develop practical skills and
also they will be familiar with
the specific machine and its
operational methods.
At least, students are expected
to identify the activities involved
in a particular work, the activities
sequence, and the required
resources (in terms of material, tools and
labor as well as time) for a particular work.

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Health and safety, care and precaution in workshop
10 General Workshop Safety Tips & Rules
 Dress For The Occasion. ...
 Vision Protection. ...
 Keep Your Workshop Clean. ...
 No Drugs, Alcohol Or Other Impairments Please! ...
 Please Read The Book: operating manual. . ...
 Keep Tools and Equipment Sharp. ...
 Avoid Unnecessary Distractions. ...
 Use Safety Tools To Assist You: This includes push sticks, miter
gauges, custom built sleds, feather boards, and push blocks. …
 Inspect Timber For Nails, Knots Or Any Imperfections
 Electrical Extension Cords…keep the workshop clean!!!
1.2 Introduction to workshop

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1.3. Construction Site Health and Safety
Many construction activities are inherently health and safety risks such as:
 Working at height,
 Working underground,
 Working in confined spaces and close proximity to falling materials,
 Handling load manually,
 Handling hazardous substances, noises, dusts, using plant and equipment, fire,
exposure to live cables, poor housekeeping and ergonomics.
In urban context, health and safety accidents are relatively higher due to the
fact that high rise buildings remain predominant with the fast-growing
complexities. Despite its importance, therefore, construction industry is
considered as being risky with frequent and high accidents rate and ill-health
problems to workers, practitioners and end users.

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1.3. Construction Site Health and Safety……
Site Layout and Planning
A badly planned and messy site is the underlying cause of many accidents.
This results from falls of material and collisions between workers and plant or equipment.
There are many accidents due to tripping, slipping or falling over materials and equipment
which have been left lying around, and stepping on nails which have been left projecting from
timber

1.3 Construction Site Health and Safety…
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Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Refers to protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other garment or equipment
designed to protect the wearer's body from injury by blunt impacts, electrical
hazards, heat, chemicals, and infection, for job-related occupational health and
safety purposes.

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First aid Kits and Accident Reporting
Construction sites are dangerous places, and first aid and rescue equipment
should always be available.
What is needed depends on the size of the site and the numbers employed,
but there should be a blanket and a stretcher.
On large sites with more than 200 people are employed, there should be a
properly equipped first aid room.
On any construction site of that size, at least one person on every shift should
have been trained in first aid to a nationally recognized standard.

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Health and Safety Warning Signs
 Safety Signs and Signals are one of the main means of communicating health
and safety information.
 This includes the use of illuminated signs, hand and acoustic signals (e.g. fire
alarms), spoken communication and the marking of pipework containing
dangerous substances.
 Traditional signboards, such as prohibition and warning signs, signs for fire exits,
fire action plan notices (fire drills) and fire-fighting equipment are also considered
to be Safety Signs.
 The signboards which displays Safety Signs and Signals should be sufficiently
large and clear so that they can be easily seen and understood
 Signboards also need to be durable, securely fastened and properly maintained to
ensure they remain visible.

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Safety Policy
 Site managers should have a written safety policy for their enterprise setting out the
safety and health standards which it is their objective to achieve.
 The policy should name the senior executive who is responsible for seeing that the
standards are achieved, and who has authority to allocate responsibilities to
management and supervisors at all levels and to see they are carried out.
 Training programs is mandatory for the safety policy
 Site meetings are one of the ways of sensitizing workers on their health and safety
in the site and should therefore be held frequently.
 OSH(Occupational Safety and Health), ILO(International Labor Organization) …
 The Ethiopian Labor Proclamation has a provision requires the employer to have an
obligation to safeguard workers from accidents and injuries.
 The proclamation also requires that the employer provide regular health services
including during worker injury and sickness.

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1.3. Construction Site Health and Safety…
Health and Safety Training in Construction Sites
With regard to OSH, training consist of instruction in hazard
recognition and control measures, learning safe work practices and
proper use of personal protective equipment, and acquiring knowledge
of emergency procedures and preventive actions.
Training also provide workers with ways to obtain added information
about potential hazards and their control; they could gain skills to
assume a more active role in implementing hazard control programs or to
effect organizational changes that would enhance worksite protection.

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1.3. Construction Site Health and Safety…
Working Environment
 Chemical Substances are a major health hazards since there are many
chemicals used in the construction industry, which include insecticides, cleaning
agents, wood preservatives, fungicides, and others.
 Many of these chemicals are hazardous, with a potential to cause poisoning.
 Toxic substances can cause both acute and chronic effects resulting from
exposure for a long period.
 Dusts from many sources are also a prominent hazard in construction.
 Silica and asbestos dust can permanently damage the lung tissue, if the dust is
absorbed into lungs and enters the blood stream causing poisoning.
 Cement mixes is also a well known cause of skin disease.

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1.4. Construction Site Care and Precaution
 The 98% accidents could be easily avoided provided due
precautions are taken well in time.
 A very familiar slogan goes on to say that ‘accidents do not just happen
but are caused due to the failure of one element or the other’.
 The common causes which lead to accidents are:
 Unsafe working position,
 Improper or defective tools or their improper use.
 Improper acts which result in violation of safety rules and non-observance
of safety precautions.

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1.4. Construction Site Care and Precaution…

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1.4. Construction Site Care and Precaution…
Basic Safety Precautions at Construction Site
In any construction project the basic safety precautions to be implemented are:
Guard rails to be installed at open scaffold areas, all openings in the building floor,
in the excavated areas, at mobile elevated platforms.
Yellow stickers with safety notes to be pasted where necessary.
All the working platforms should be stable, properly braced, should not be
overloaded and safe for the working personnel.
All the working areas and passageways should be free from waste or debris or any
of obstruction like stored material. The site should be clean all the times and the
material should be stored safely
There should be proper arrangement of collection and disposal of waste materials
Fire extinguishers to be placed on site on proper locations in case of any fire
That should be proper lighting arrangements on the site especially when the work is
carried out during the night stand

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