Classical Music in India
North India
Sitar
Tabla
Tanpura
Ravi Shankar (b. 1920)
http://youtu.be/4gWCiLexilY
What is the main
melodic instrument in
North Indian Classical
       Music?
• 1) Sitar
• 2) Tabla
• 3) Tanpura
North Indian Raga
North Indian Raga

• Alap -- introductory, free
North Indian Raga

• Alap -- introductory, free
• Jar -- rhythmic, still introductory
North Indian Raga

• Alap -- introductory, free
• Jar -- rhythmic, still introductory
• Gat -- the “tune”
North Indian Raga

• Alap -- introductory, free
• Jar -- rhythmic, still introductory
• Gat -- the “tune”
• Tora -- Improvisations between Gat
  statements
MML Website for listening guide
T/F: All portions of a
  raga are composed
       beforehand.
• 1) True
• 2) False
http://youtu.be/-KXk_8_8oLY
South India
Veena
Mridangam
1010 f11 9-27
Kriti “Sarasiruha”

• Kriti = composition
• Sarasiruha = “to the goddess Saraswati”
   • goddess of music and learning
• Music & lyrics by 19th c. composer Pulaiyur
  Doraisamy Ayyar
Kriti “Sarasiruha”

• Kriti = composition
• Sarasiruha = “to the goddess Saraswati”
   • goddess of music and learning
• Music & lyrics by 19th c. composer Pulaiyur
  Doraisamy Ayyar
Kriti “Sarasiruha”

• Kriti = composition
• Sarasiruha = “to the goddess Saraswati”
   • goddess of music and learning
• Music & lyrics by 19th c. composer Pulaiyur
  Doraisamy Ayyar
• Alapana
• Tanam
• Kriti (8 minutes in!)
• Kalpana
• Tani avartanam
• Kriti return and close
What is the Southern
equivalent of the Gat?

• 1) Alapana
• 2) Kriti
• 3) Tanam
Alapana

• improvisation
• melodic characteristics of Natai raga
• slow, low register to faster, high register
• At peak, descends to conclusion
Alapana

• improvisation
• melodic characteristics of Natai raga
• slow, low register to faster, high register
• At peak, descends to conclusion
Alapana

• improvisation
• melodic characteristics of Natai raga
• slow, low register to faster, high register
• At peak, descends to conclusion
Alapana

• improvisation
• melodic characteristics of Natai raga
• slow, low register to faster, high register
• At peak, descends to conclusion
Alapana

• improvisation
• melodic characteristics of Natai raga
• slow, low register to faster, high register
• At peak, descends to conclusion
Tanam

• Improvisation
• Rhythmic exposition of raga
   • irregular but strong beat
• Low to High to Low
Tanam

• Improvisation
• Rhythmic exposition of raga
   • irregular but strong beat
• Low to High to Low
Tanam

• Improvisation
• Rhythmic exposition of raga
   • irregular but strong beat
• Low to High to Low
Tanam

• Improvisation
• Rhythmic exposition of raga
   • irregular but strong beat
• Low to High to Low
Tanam

• Improvisation
• Rhythmic exposition of raga
   • irregular but strong beat
• Low to High to Low
Kriti “Sarasiruha”


• Composed portion
• Drum enters
Kriti “Sarasiruha”


• Composed portion
• Drum enters
Kriti “Sarasiruha”


• Composed portion
• Drum enters
Kalpana svaras

• progressively longer improvisation cycles,
  each ending with idam
    • idam = “familiar island in a sea of
      improvisation”; progressively longer
      cycles
Kalpana svaras

• progressively longer improvisation cycles,
  each ending with idam
    • idam = “familiar island in a sea of
      improvisation”; progressively longer
      cycles
Kalpana svaras

• progressively longer improvisation cycles,
  each ending with idam
    • idam = “familiar island in a sea of
      improvisation”; progressively longer
      cycles
Tani avartanam

• DRUM SOLO !!!!!
• partial statement of Kriti melody
 • improvised close
Tani avartanam

• DRUM SOLO !!!!!
• partial statement of Kriti melody
 • improvised close
Tani avartanam

• DRUM SOLO !!!!!
• partial statement of Kriti melody
 • improvised close
Tani avartanam

• DRUM SOLO !!!!!
• partial statement of Kriti melody
 • improvised close
Tani avartanam

• DRUM SOLO !!!!!
• partial statement of Kriti melody
 • improvised close
Which popular music
   group used sitar
prominently during the
     late 1960s?
• 1) The Grateful Dead
• 2) The Jimi Hendrix Experience
• 3) The Beatles
George Harrison
• “Norwegian
  Wood”

• “Tomorrow
  Never Knows”

• “Within You
  Without You”
George Harrison
• “Norwegian
  Wood”

• “Tomorrow
  Never Knows”

• “Within You
  Without You”
George Harrison
• “Norwegian
  Wood”

• “Tomorrow
  Never Knows”

• “Within You
  Without You”
George Harrison
• “Norwegian
  Wood”

• “Tomorrow
  Never Knows”

• “Within You
  Without You”
George Harrison
• “Norwegian
  Wood”

• “Tomorrow
  Never Knows”

• “Within You
  Without You”
George Harrison
• “Norwegian
  Wood”

• “Tomorrow
  Never Knows”

• “Within You
  Without You”
George Harrison
• “Norwegian
  Wood”

• “Tomorrow
  Never Knows”

• “Within You
  Without You”

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1010 f11 9-27

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