1.1 introduction toict
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ICT refers to technologies that provide access to information through digital devices and computer systems. It involves the transmission of information and processing of data, including storing, retrieving, sending, receiving, and searching for information. Computers have evolved through 5 generations from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits and microprocessors. ICT is now used widely in education, banking, industry, and commerce for functions like e-learning, online banking, automation, and e-commerce. While ICT has enabled faster and cheaper communication globally, it can also cause social and health issues if not implemented properly.
1.1 introduction toict
- 1. INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION AND SOCIETY
- 2. What is ICT?
- 4. INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGYICT is a technology required for information processing, in particular, the use of electronic computers, communication devices and software applications to convert, store, process, transmit and retrieve information from anywhere, anytime.
- 5. INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGYInformation – Input data that has been processed by the computer; data that is organized, meaningful and useful.
- 6. INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGYCommunication – process of sharing data, programs and information between two or more computers.
- 7. Evolution of computers1st generation (1951-57) : vacuum tube2nd generation (1958-63) : transistor3rd generation (1964-69) : integrated circuit 4th generation (1970-90) : microprocessor5th generation (1991-beyond) : connectivity
- 8. 1st generation : vacuum tubeComputers were built with vacuum tubes – electronic tubes that were made of glassthe size of a bulbWere used as the internal computer component
- 9. 1st generation : vacuum tube (cont)The first electronic digital computer – UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer)Introduced by Dr. John W. Mauchly and J. Presper based on ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)
- 10. 1st generation : vacuum tube (cont)Disadvantages:A great deal of heat as thousands of tubes were requiredAll the tubes working simultaneously, causing the tubes to burnoutProgramming used was machine language – difficult & time consuming.
- 11. 2nd generation : transistorFirst computers were built with transistorsSmall devices that transfer electronic signals across a resistorThis computer use less power & less heat than vacuum tubesFaster, smaller and more reliable
- 12. 3rd generation : integrated circuit1964 : manufacturers began replacing transistors with integrated circuits.Complete electronic circuit on a small chip made of a silicon.These computers are more reliable, compact and less cost to the manufacture.
- 13. 3rd generation : integrated circuit (cont)IBM introduced its System/360 line of compatible system computer, which can be used by the same programs and peripherals.
- 14. 4th generation : microprocessorMany key advances were made – microprocessorA specialized chip developed for computer memory and logicUse a single chip to create a smaller personal computerRevolutionized the computer industry
- 15. 5th generation : connectivityReferred as the connected generation because of the connectivity of computers.
- 16. 5th generation : connectivityRapidly expanding Internet, World Wide Web and Intranet Created an information superhighway that has enabled both computer professionals and home computer users to communicate with others across the globe.
- 17. ICT usage in everyday lifeEducationBankingIndustryCommerce
- 18. ExerciseFind 1 example of ICT usage inEducationBankingIndustry
- 19. ICT Usage: EducationE-learningResources / references from the internet
- 20. ICT Usage: BankingPay bills using online bankingMake a transactions anywhere, anytime
- 21. ICT Usage: IndustryReplaced human energy with machine
- 22. ICT Usage: CommerceE-commerce, e-shoppingSelling & buying through internet
- 23. Computerized vs. non computerized system
- 24. Computerized vs. non computerized system
- 25. Other sectorArchitectureComputer graphics to experiment with possible interiorsArtsModern artist use computer to express their creativityCareerJob opportunities related to the ICT such as system analyst, programmer or technical writer.GovernmentTo forecast weather, process immigrant, manage parks and etc.
- 26. Other sectorHealthcareTo promote telemedicine and information sharing. Doctors and medical practitioners apply modern treatment such as laser treatment.HomeFor record keeping, writing letters, preparing budget and communicating with others.LawenforcementMaintaining national fingerprint files, modeling DNA.TransportationUsed in Rapid Transit System and track railway system.Travel Room reservation, helps tourists to plan their holidays.
- 27. Impact of ICT on societyPositive:Faster communication speedvia e-mailLower communication costPeople do not have to pay for any basic services provided by the internet.Reliable mode of communicationInformation can be accessed and retrieved from anywhere and anytime.Effective sharing of informationPaperless environmentBorderless communication
- 28. Impact of ICT on societyNegative:Social problemsPeople become individualisticHacking, pornography, online gamblingHealth problemsExposed to bad posture, eyestrain, physical and mental stress.Ergonomic environment can be introduced
- 29. The end of chapter Introduction ICT