11 refining

Refining

If you have any questions or comments regarding API Standards, please visit API 570 *
www.api.org/standards. Piping Inspection Code: In-Service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and
NOTE: Free publications with an asterisk are subject to a $10.00 handling Alteration of Piping Systems—Chinese
charge for each total order, plus actual shipping charges.
Chinese translation of API 570.
INSPECTION OF REFINERY EQUIPMENT 3rd Edition | November 2009 | Product Number: C5703C | Price: $137.00

API 510  RP 571 
Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: Maintenance Inspection, Rating, Damage Mechanisms Affecting Fixed Equipment in the Refining
Repair, and Alteration Industry
(ANSI/API 510-2006) Provides background information on damage that can occur to equipment in
(Purchase includes addenda to the current edition of the code) the refining process. It is intended to supplement Risk Based Inspection (RP
Covers the in-service inspection, repair, alteration, and rerating activities for 580 and Publ 581) and Fitness-for-Service (RP 579) technologies
pressure vessels and the pressure- relieving devices protecting these vessels. developed in recent years by API to manage existing refining equipment
This inspection code applies to most refining and chemical process vessels integrity. It is also an excellent reference for inspection, operations, and
that have been placed in service. This includes: maintenance personnel. Covers over 60 damage mechanism. Each write-up
• vessels constructed in accordance with an applicable construction code consists of a general description of the damage, susceptible materials, of
• vessels constructed without a construction code (non-code): a vessel not construction, critical factors, inspection method selection guidelines, and
fabricated to a recognized construction code and meeting no known rec- control measures. Wherever possible, pictures are included and references
ognized standard are provided for each mechanism. In addition, generic process flow diagrams
have been included that contain a summary of the major damage flow
• vessels constructed and approved as jurisdictional special based upon mechanism expected for typical refinery process units. Pages: 362
jurisdiction acceptance of particular design, fabrication, inspection, test-
ing, and installation. 2nd Edition | April 2011 | Product Number: C57102 | Price: $319.00
• nonstandard vessels: a vessel fabricated to a recognized construction
code but has lost its nameplate or stamping. Pages: 56 RP 572 
9th Edition | June 2006 | Product Number: C51009 | Price: $146.00 Inspection of Pressure Vessels
You may access API 510 in a read-only platform: publications.api.org Covers the inspection of pressure vessels. It includes a description of the
various types of pressure vessels (including pressure vessels with a design
API 510 * pressure below 15 psig) and the standards for their construction and
maintenance. RP 572 also includes reasons for inspection, causes of
Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: Maintenance Inspection, Rating, deterioration, frequency and methods of inspection, methods of repair, and
Repair, and Alteration—Chinese preparation of records and reports. Pages: 136
Chinese translation of API 510. 3rd Edition | November 2009 | Product Number: C57203 | Price: $149.00
9th Edition | June 2006 | Product Number: C51009C | Price: $154.00
RP 572 *
API 570  Inspection Practices for Pressure Vessels—Chinese
Piping Inspection Code: In-Service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Chinese translation of RP 572.
Alteration of Piping Systems 3rd Edition | November 2009 | Product Number: C57203C | Price: $157.00
(Purchase includes addenda to the current edition of the code)
Covers the inspection, rating, repair, and alteration procedures for metallic RP 573
and FRP piping systems and their associated pressure relieving devices that Inspection of Fired Boilers and Heaters
have been in-service.
Covers the inspection practices for fired boilers and process heaters
The intent of this code is to specify the in-service inspection and condition- (furnaces) used in petroleum refineries and petrochemical plants. The
monitoring program that is needed to determine the integrity of piping. That practices described in this document are focused to improve equipment
program should provide reasonably accurate and timely assessments to reliability and plant safety by describing the operating variables which impact
determine if any changes in the condition of piping could possibly reliability, and to ensure that inspection practices obtain the appropriate
compromise continued safe operation. data, both on-stream and off-stream, to assess current and future
API 570 was developed for the petroleum refining and chemical process performance of the equipment. Pages: 69
industries but may be used, where practical, for any piping system. It is 2nd Edition | December 2002 | Reaffirmed: December 2010
intended for use by organizations that maintain or have access to an
authorized inspection agency, a repair organization, and technically qualified Product Number: C57302 | Price: $94.00
piping engineers, inspectors, and examiners. Intended for use by
organizations that maintain or have access to an authorized inspection RP 574 
agency, repair organization, and technically qualified personnel. May be Inspection Practices for Piping System Components
used, where practical, for any piping system. Piping inspectors are to be Supplements API 570 by providing piping inspectors with information that
certified as stated in this inspection code. Pages: 65 can improve skill and increase basic knowledge and practices. This RP
3rd Edition | November 2009 | Product Number: C57003 | Price: $130.00 describes inspection practices for piping, tubing, valves (other than control
valves), and fittings used in petroleum refineries and chemical plants.
Common piping components, valve types, pipe joining methods, inspection
planning processes, inspection intervals and techniques, and types of

* These translated versions are provided for the convenience of our customers and are not officially endorsed by API. The translated versions shall neither replace nor supersede the
English-language versions, which remain the official Standards. API shall not be responsible for any discrepancies or interpretations of these translations. Translations may not
include any Addenda or Errata to the document. Please check the English-language versions for any updates to the documents.

 This publication is a new entry in this catalog.  This publication is related to an API licensing, certification, or accreditation program. 75

Refining
Phone Orders: 1-800-854-7179 (Toll-free: U.S. and Canada) Phone Orders: 303-397-7956 (Local and International)

records are described to aid the inspector in fulfilling their role implementing RP 577 
API 570. This publication does not cover inspection of specialty items, Welding Inspection and Metallurgy
including instrumentation and control valves. Pages: 88
Provides guidance to the API authorized inspector on welding inspection as
3rd Edition | November 2009 | Product Number: C57403 | Price: $132.00 encountered with fabrication and repair of refinery and chemical plant
equipment and piping. Common welding processes, welding procedures,
RP 574 * welder qualifications, metallurgical effects from welding, and inspection
Inspection Practices for Piping System Components—Chinese techniques are described to aid the inspector in fulfilling their role
Chinese translation of RP 574. implementing API 510, API 570, Std 653 and RP 582. The level of learning
and training obtained from this document is not a replacement for the
3rd Edition | November 2009 | Product Number: C57403C | Price: $139.00 training and experience required to be an American Welding Society (AWS)
Certified Welding Inspector (CWI). Pages: 100
RP 575  1st Edition | October 2004 | Product Number: C57701 | Price: $164.00
Inspection of Atmospheric and Low Pressure Storage Tanks
(ANSI/API RP 575-2004) RP 577 *
Covers the inspection of atmospheric and low-pressure storage tanks that Welding Inspection and Metallurgy—Chinese
have been designed to operate at pressures from atmospheric to 15 psig. Chinese translation of RP 577.
Includes reasons for inspection, frequency and methods of inspection, 1st Edition | October 2004 | Product Number: C57701C | Price: $172.00
methods of repair, and preparation of records and reports. This RP is
intended to supplement Std 653, which covers the minimum requirements RP 578 
for maintaining the integrity of storage tanks after they have been placed in
service. Pages: 60 Material Verification Program for New and Existing Alloy Piping
2nd Edition | April 2005 | Product Number: C57502 | Price: $126.00 Systems
Provides the guidelines for a material and quality assurance system to verify
RP 575 * that the nominal composition of alloy components within the pressure
envelope of a piping system is consistent with the selected or specified
Inspection of Atmospheric and Low Pressure Storage Tanks—Chinese construction materials to minimize the potential for catastrophic release of
Chinese translation of RP 575. toxic or hazardous liquids or vapors. This RP provides the guidelines for
2nd Edition | April 2005 | Product Number: C57502C | Price: $132.00 material control and material verification programs on ferrous and nonferrous
alloys during the construction, installation, maintenance, and inspection of
new and existing process piping systems covered by the ASME B31.3 and API
RP 576  570 piping codes. This RP applies to metallic alloy materials purchased for
Inspection of Pressure-Relieving Devices use either directly by the owner/user or indirectly through vendors, fabricators,
Describes the inspection and repair practices for automatic pressure- or contractors and includes the supply, fabrication, and erection of these
relieving devices commonly used in the oil and petrochemical industries. As materials. Carbon steel components specified in new or existing piping
a guide to the inspection and repair of these devices in the user’s plant, it is systems are not specifically covered under the scope of this document unless
intended to ensure their proper performance. This publication covers such minor/trace alloying elements are critical to component corrosion resistance
automatic devices as pressure-relief valves, pilot-operated pressure-relief or similar degradation. Pages: 13
valves, rupture disks, and weight-loaded pressure-vacuum vents. 2nd Edition | March 2010 | Product Number: C57802 | Price: $125.00
The scope of this RP includes the inspection and repair of automatic
pressure-relieving devices commonly used in the oil and petrochemical Std 579-1/ASME FFS-1
industry. This publication does not cover weak seams or sections in tanks, Fitness-For-Service
explosion doors, fusible plugs, control valves, and other devices that either Describes standardized fitness-for-service assessment techniques for
depend on an external source of power for operation or are manually pressurized equipment used in the petrochemical industry. Fitness-for-
operated. Inspections and tests made at manufacturers’ plants, which are service is defined as the ability to demonstrate the structural integrity of an
usually covered by codes or purchase specifications, are not covered by this in-service component containing a flaw. This publication is intended to
publication. supplement the requirements in API 510, 570, and 653 by: (i) ensuring
This publication does not cover training requirements for mechanics involved safety of plant personnel and the public while older equipment continues to
in the inspection and repair of pressure-relieving devices. Those seeking operate; (ii) providing technically sound fitness-for-service assessment
these requirements should see API 510, which gives the requirements for a procedures to ensure that different service providers furnish consistent life
quality control system and specifies that the repair organization maintain predictions; and (iii) helping optimize maintenance and operation of existing
and document a training program ensuring that personnel are qualified. facilities to maintain the availability of older plants and enhance their long
Pages: 65 term economic viability.
3rd Edition | November 2009 | Product Number: C57603 | Price: $130.00 The assessment procedures in this publication can be used for fitness-for-
service evaluation and rerating of pressure vessels designed and constructed
RP 576 * to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code; piping systems designed and
Inspection of Pressure-Relieving Devices—Chinese constructed to the ASME B31.3 Piping Code; and aboveground storage
tanks designed and constructed to API 650 and 620. The assessment
Chinese translation of RP 576. procedures cover the present integrity of pressure containing equipment
3rd Edition | November 2009 | Product Number: C57603C | Price: $137.00 given a current state of damage and the projected remaining life. This
publication can also be applied to pressure containing equipment
constructed to other recognized codes and standards as defined in this
publication.
2nd Edition | June 2007
Hard Copy Only Price: $704.00
CD Only Price: $839.00
Hard Copy and CD Price: $1,133.00

76  This publication is a new entry in this catalog.  This publication is related to an API licensing, certification, or accreditation program.

Refining
Fax Orders: 303-397-2740 Online Orders: www.global.ihs.com

API 579-2/ASME FFS-2 defined in existing working documents, but priorities and frequencies will be
Example Problem Manual guided by the RBI procedure. The RBI analysis looks not only at inspection,
equipment design, and maintenance records, but also at numerous process
Fitness-For-Service (FFS) assessments in API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 Fitness- safety management issues and all other significant issues that can affect the
For-Service are engineering evaluations that are performed to demonstrate overall mechanical integrity and safety of a process unit. Pages: 607
the structural integrity of an in-service component that may contain a flaw or
damage or that may be operating under specific conditions that could 2nd Edition | September 2008 | Product Number: C58102
produce a failure. API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 provides guidance for conducting Hard Copy Only Price: $700.00
FFS assessments using methodologies specifically prepared for pressurized CD Only Price: $800.00
equipment. The guidelines provided in this Standard may be used to make Hard Copy and CD Price: $1,100.00
run-repair-replace decisions to help determine if pressurized equipment
containing flaws that have been identified by inspection can continue to API Risk-Based Inspection Software
operate safely for some period of time. These FFS assessments of API 579-
1/ASME FFS-1 are currently recognized and referenced by the API Codes API RBI software, created by petroleum refinery and chemical plant owner/
and Standards (510, 570, and 653), and by NB-23 as suitable means for users for owner/users, finds its basis in Publ 581. Practical, valuable
evaluating the structural integrity of pressure vessels, piping systems and features are built into technology, which is based on recognized and
storage tanks where inspection has revealed degradation and flaws in the generally accepted good engineering practices.
equipment or where operating conditions suggest that a risk of failure may The purposes of the Risk-Based Inspection Program are:
be present. Example problems illustrating the use and calculations required • Screen operating units within a plant to identify areas of high risk
for Fitness-For-Service Assessments described in API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 • Estimated a risk value associated with the operation of each equipment
are provided in this document. Example problems are provided for all item in a refinery or chemical process plant based on a consistent
calculation procedures in both SI and US Customary units. methodology
An introduction to the example problems in this document is described in • Prioritize the equipment based on the measured risk.
Part 2 of this Standard. The remaining Parts of this document contain the • Design highly effective inspection program.
example problems. The Parts in this document coincide with the Parts in API
579-1/ASME FFS-1. For example, example problems illustrating • Systematically manage the risks associated with equilibrium failures.
calculations for local thin areas are provided in Part 5 of this document. This The RBI method defines the risk of operating equipment as the combination
coincides with the assessment procedures for local thin areas contained in of two separate terms: the consequences of failure and the likelihood of
Part 5 of API 5791/ASME FFS-1. Pages: 366 failure.
1st Edition | August 2009 | Product Number: C57921 | Price: $150.00 For more information: e-mail rbi@api.org or call (281) 537-8848

RP 580  RP 582
Risk-Based Inspection Recommended Practice Welding Guidelines for the Chemical, Oil,
Provides users with the basic elements for developing and implementing a and Gas Industries
risk-based inspection (RBI) program for fixed equipment and piping in the Provides supplementary guidelines and practices for welding and welding
hydrocarbon and chemical process industries. RP 580 is intended to related topics for shop and field fabrication, repair and modification of the
supplement API 510, API 570, and API 653. These API inspection codes following: a) pressure-containing equipment such as pressure vessels, heat
and standards allow an owner/user latitude to plan an inspection strategy exchangers, piping, heater tubes, and pressure boundaries of rotating
and increase or decrease the code-designated inspection frequencies based equipment and attachments welded thereto; b) tanks and attachments
on the results of a RBI assessment. Pages: 83 welded thereto; c) nonremovable internals for process equipment; d)
2nd Edition | November 2009 | Product Number: C58002 | Price: $183.00 structural items attached and related to process equipment; e) other
equipment or component item when referenced by an applicable purchase
RP 581 document. This document is general in nature and is intended to augment
Risk-Based Inspection Technology the welding requirements of ASME BPVC Section IX and similar codes,
standards, specifications and practices such as those listed in Section 2.
API has researched and developed an approach to risk-based inspection The intent of this document is to be inclusive of chemical, oil and gas
(RBI). This document details the procedures and methodology of RBI. RBI is industry standards, although there are many areas not covered herein, e.g.
an integrated methodology that uses risk as a basis for prioritizing and pipeline welding and offshore structural welding are intentionally not
managing an in-service equipment inspection program by combining both covered. This document is based on industry experience and any restrictions
the likelihood of failure and the consequence of failure. Utilizing the output of or limitations may be waived or augmented by the purchaser. Pages: 28
the RBI, the user can design an inspection program that manages or 2nd Edition | December 2009 | Product Number: C58202 | Price: $120.00
maintains the risk of equipment failures. The following are three major goals
of the RBI program:
Std 653 
1. Provide the capability to define and quantify the risk of process
equipment failure, creating an effective tool for managing many of the Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction
important elements of a process plant. Covers the inspection, repair, alteration, and reconstruction of steel
2. Allow management to review safety, environmental, and business- aboveground storage tanks used in the petroleum and chemical industries.
interruption risks in an integrated, cost effective manner. Provides the minimum requirements for maintaining the integrity of welded or
riveted, nonrefrigerated, atmospheric pressure, aboveground storage tanks
3. Systematically reduce the likelihood and consequence of failure by after they have been placed in service. Pages: 152
allocating inspection resources to high risk equipment. The RBI methodology
provides the basis for managing risk, by making informed decisions on the 4th Edition | April 2009 | Product Number: C65304 | Price: $205.00
inspection method, coverage required and frequency of inspections. In most
plants, a large percent of the total unit risk will be concentrated in a relatively Std 653 *
small percent of the equipment items. These potential high risk components Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction—Chinese
may require greater attention, perhaps through a revised inspection plan. Chinese translation of Std 653.
With an RBI program in place, inspections will continue to be conducted as
4th Edition | April 2009 | Product Number: C65304C | Price: $215.00


Refining

INSPECTION OF REFINERY EQUIPMENT—TRAINING (700 psig) and a temperature of 400 °C (750 °F) or where speed will not
COURSES exceed 6000 rpm. This Standard does not cover special-purpose turbines.
Pages: 118
Fitness-For-Service (FFS) Based on API RP 579 5th Edition | March 2008 |Product Number: C61105 | Price: $142.00
www.api.org/apiucalendar
The instructors, who are also the principal authors of RP 579, give their Std 612/ISO 10437:2003
insights into the background and logic behind the assessment procedures. In Petroleum Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industries—Steam
addition, both courses include other highlights: Discussion of damage Turbines—Special-Purpose Applications
mechanisms and the importance of identification, Various detailed inspection (ANSI/API Std 612-2005)
techniques for damage mechanisms, with focus on flaw characterization (this Specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the design,
is not covered in the 1 1/2-day course). Overview of remaining life materials, fabrication, inspection, testing and preparation for shipment for
assessment, remediation, and methods to extend the life of damaged special-purpose steam turbines. It also covers the related lube-oil systems,
equipment, Presentation of practical examples of FFS procedures, Details on instrumentation, control systems and auxiliary equipment. It is not
how to assess damage/flaws that are not directly covered in API 579. applicable to general-purpose steam turbines, which are covered in Std 611.
This edition of API Std 612 is the identical national adoption of
Risk-Based Inspection (RBI) Based on API RP 580/581 ISO 10437:2003. Pages: 113
6th Edition | November 2005 | Product Number: CX61206 | Price: $192.00
Using semi-quantitative and quantitative approaches, the course covers
technical content that is both broad and deep. Class discussions are an
effective way for students to gain insights about the focus of various RBI Std 613
methods and parameters to include in an effective analytical program. Special Purpose Gear Units for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry
Services
Damage Mechanisms in Refining Based on API RP 571 (ANSI/API Std 613-2002)
www.api.org/apiucalendar (includes Errata 1 dated December 2005)
Covers the minimum requirements for special-purpose, enclosed, precision
This course, which is taught by the primary authors of RP 571, includes single- and double-helical one-and two-stage speed increasers and reducers
many special features: an overview of basic metallurgy applicable to refinery of parallel-shaft design for refinery services. Primarily intended for gear units
construction materials, a description of common refining processes on the that are in continuous service without installed spare equipment. Pages: 94
process flow diagram level, highlighting where various damage mechanisms
are usually observed, an analysis of typical NDE methods and their ability to 5th Edition | February 2003 | Reaffirmed: August 2007
detect and characterize equipment damage, detailed discussions of the Product Number: C61305 | Price: $160.00
more than 60 damage mechanisms that are found in refineries covered by
RP 571, examples of equipment damage and failures, as well as learning Std 614/ISO 10438-1:2007
exercises for students. Lubrication, Shaft-Sealing, and Control-Oil Systems and Auxiliaries
for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry Services
MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT STANDARDS (includes Errata 1 dated May 2008)
FOR REFINERY SERVICE Covers the minimum requirements for General Purpose and Special Purpose
Oil Systems. The Standard also includes requirements for Self-acting Gas
Std 610/ISO 13709:2009 Seal Support Systems. The Standard includes the systems’ components,
Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas along with the required controls and instrumentation. Chapters included in
Industries Std 614: 1. General Requirements; 2. Special-purpose Oil Systems; 3.
(ANSI/API Std 610-2004) General-purpose Oil Systems; and 4. Self-acting Gas Seal Support Systems.
(includes Errata 1 dated July 2011) This edition of API Std 614 is the identical national adoption of
Specifies requirements for centrifugal pumps, including pumps running in ISO 10438:2007. Pages: 202
reverse as hydraulic power recovery turbines, for use in petroleum, 5th Edition | April 2008 | Product Number: CX61402 | Price: $284.00
petrochemical, and gas industry process services. This International
Standard is applicable to overhung pumps, between bearings pumps, and Std 616
vertically suspended pumps. Clause 9 provides requirements applicable to Gas Turbines for the Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry Services
specific types of pumps. All other clauses of this International Standard
apply to all pump types. Illustrations are provided of the various specific Covers the minimum requirements for open, simple, and regenerative-cycle
pump types and the designations assigned to each specific pump type. It combustion gas turbine units for services of mechanical drive, generator
does not cover sealless pumps. drive, or process gas generation. All auxiliary equipment required for
operating, starting, controlling, and protecting gas turbine units are either
This edition of API Std 610 is the identical national adoption of discussed directly in this Standard or referred to in this Standard through
ISO 13709:2009. Pages: 205 references to other publications. Specifically, gas turbine units that are
11th Edition|September 2010|Product Number: CX61011|Price: $249.00 capable of firing gas or liquid or both are covered by this Standard. This
You may access Std 610 in a read-only platform: publications.api.org Standard covers both industrial and aeroderivative gas turbines. Pages: 168
5th Edition | January 2011 | Product Number: C61605 | Price: $200.00
Std 611
General Purpose Steam Turbines for Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Std 617
Industry Services Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors for
(includes Errata 1 dated May 2008) Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry Services
Covers the minimum requirements for general-purpose steam turbines. (ANSI/API Std 617-2002)
These requirements include basic design, materials, related lubrication (includes Errata 1 dated June 2003)
systems, controls, auxiliary equipment, and accessories. General-purpose Covers the minimum requirements for axial compressors, single-shaft and
turbines are horizontal or vertical turbines used to drive equipment that is integrally geared process centrifugal compressors and expander-compressor
usually spared, is relatively small in size, or is in non-critical service. They are for use in the petroleum, chemical, and gas industries services that handle
generally used where steam conditions will not exceed a pressure of 48 bar air or gas. This Standard does not apply to fans (covered by Std 673) or


Refining

blowers that develop less than 34 kPa (5 psi) pressure rise above This edition of API Std 671 is the identical national adoption of
atmospheric pressure. This Standard also does not apply to packaged, ISO 10441:2007. Pages: 56
integrally-geared centrifugal plant and instrument air compressors (covered 4th Edition | August 2007 | Reaffirmed: September 2010
by Std 672). Hot gas expanders over 300 °C (570 °F) are not covered in Product Number: C67104 | Price: $162.00
this Standard. Pages: 193
You may access Std 671 in a read-only platform: publications.api.org
7th Edition | July 2002 | Reaffirmed: January 2009
Product Number: C61707 | Price: $212.00 Std 672
Std 618 Packaged, Integrally Geared Centrifugal Air Compressors for
Reciprocating Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Industry Services
(includes Errata 1 dated October 2007 and Errata 2 dated July 2010)
Industry Services
(ANSI/API Std 618-2008) Covers the minimum requirements for constant-speed, packaged, general
(includes Errata 1 dated November 2009 and Errata 2 dated purpose integrally geared centrifugal air compressors, including their
July 2010) accessories. This Standard is not applicable to machines that develop a
pressure rise of less than 0.35 bar (5.0 psi) above atmospheric pressure,
Covers the minimum requirements for reciprocating compressors and their which are classed as fans or blowers. Pages: 136
drivers used in petroleum, chemical, and gas industry services for handling
process air or gas with either lubricated or nonlubricated cylinders. 4th Edition | March 2004 | Reaffirmed: December 2008
Compressors covered by this Standard are of low-to-moderate speed and in Product Number: C67204 | Price: $228.00
critical services. Also covered are related lubricating systems, controls,
instrumentation, intercoolers, aftercoolers, pulsation suppression devices, Std 673
and other auxiliary equipment. Pages: 190 Centrifugal Fans for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry Services
5th Edition | December 2007 | Product Number: C61805 | Price: $175.00 (includes Errata 1 dated October 2002)
Covers the minimum requirements for centrifugal fans intended for
Std 619/ISO 10440-1:2007 continuous duty in petroleum, chemical, and gas industry services. Fan
Rotary-Type Positive Displacement Compressors for Petroleum, pressure rise is limited to differential from a single impeller, usually not
Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industries exceeding 100 inches of water Equivalent Air Pressure (EAP). Cooling tower,
aerial cooler, and ventilation fans; and positive displacement blowers are
Specifies requirements for dry and oil-flooded, helical-lobe rotary NOT covered by this Standard. Pages: 89
compressors used for vacuum or pressure or both in petroleum,
petrochemical, and gas industry services. It is intended for compressors that 2nd Edition | January 2002| Reaffirmed: November 2010
are in special-purpose applications. It is not applicable to general-purpose Product Number: C67302 | Price: $146.00
air compressors, liquid-ring compressors, or vane-type compressors.
This edition of API Std 619 is the identical national adoption of ISO 10440- Std 674
1:2007. Pages: 135 Positive Displacement Pumps—Reciprocating
5th Edition | December 2010 | Product Number: CX61905 | Price: $209.00 Covers the minimum requirements for reciprocating positive displacement
pumps and pump units for use in the petroleum, petrochemical, and gas
Std 670 industry services. Both direct-acting and power-frame types are included.
Controlled-volume pumps, hydraulically driven pumps, and rotary pumps are
Machinery Protection Systems not included. Pages: 95
This Standard covers the minimum requirements for a machinery protection 3rd Edition | December 2010 | Product Number: C67403 | Price: $180.00
system measuring radial shaft vibration, casing vibration, shaft axial position,
shaft rotational speed, piston rod drop, phase reference, overspeed, and
critical machinery temperatures (such as bearing metal and motor Std 675
windings). It covers requirements for hardware (transducer and monitor Positive Displacement Pumps—Controlled Volume
systems), installation, documentation, and testing. Pages: 96 Covers the minimum requirements for controlled volume positive
4th Edition | December 2000 | Reaffirmed: November 2010 displacement pumps for use in service in the petroleum, chemical, and gas
Product Number: C67004 | Price: $174.00 industries. Both packed-plunger and diaphragm types are included.
Diaphragm pumps that use direct mechanical actuation are excluded.
Std 671/ISO 10441:2007 Pages: 38
Special Purpose Couplings for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry 2nd Edition | October 1994 | Reaffirmed: June 2005
Services Product Number: C67502 | Price: $111.00
Specifies the requirements for couplings for the transmission of power
between the rotating shafts of two machines in special-purpose applications Std 676
in the petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries. Such
applications are typically in large and/or high speed machines, in services Positive Displacement Pumps—Rotary
that can be required to operate continuously for extended periods, are often Covers the minimum requirements for rotary positive displacement process
unspared and are critical to the continued operation of the installation. By pumps and pump units for use in the petroleum, petrochemical, and gas
agreement, it can be used for other applications or services. industry services. Controlled-volume pumps, hydraulically driven pumps and
Couplings covered are designed to accommodate parallel (or lateral) offset, positive displacement reciprocating pumps are not included. Pages: 102
angular misalignment and axial displacement of the shafts without imposing 3rd Edition | November 2009 | Product Number: C67603 | Price: $145.00
unacceptable mechanical loading on the coupled machines. It is applicable to
gear, metallic flexible element, quill shaft and torsionally resilient type
couplings. Torsional damping and resilient type couplings are detailed in Annex
A; gear-type couplings are detailed in Annex B and quill shaft style coupling are
detailed in Annex C. Also covers the design, materials of construction,
manufacturing quality, inspection and testing special purpose couplings.


Refining

Std 677 Std 685
General-Purpose Gear Units for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Sealless Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical, and Gas
Industry Services Industry Process Service
Covers the minimum requirements for general-purpose, enclosed, single and Specifies the minimum requirements for sealless centrifugal pumps for use
multistage gear units incorporating parallel shaft helical and right angle spiral in petroleum, heavy duty petrochemical and gas industry services. This
bevel gears for the petroleum, chemical, and gas industries. Gears Standard is applicable to single stage overhung pumps of two
manufactured according to this Standard shall be limited to the following classifications, Magnetic Drive Pumps and Canned Motor Pumps.
pitchline velocities. Helical gears shall not exceed 60 meters per second Pages: 170
(12,000 feet per minute), and spiral bevels shall not exceed 40 meters per 2nd Edition | February 2011 | Product Number: C68502| Price: $200.00
second (8,000 feet per minute). Typical applications for which this Standard
is intended are cooling tower water pump systems, forced and induced draft
fan systems, and other general-purpose equipment trains. Pages: 84 RP 686
Machinery Installation and Installation Design
3rd Edition | April 2006 | Reaffirmed: November 2010
Product Number: C67703 | Price: $160.00 Intended to provide recommended procedures, practices, and checklists for
the installation and precommissioning of new, existing, and reapplied
Std 681 machinery and to assist with the installation design of such machinery for
petroleum, chemical, and gas industry services facilities. In general, this RP
Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps and Compressors is intended to supplement vendor instructions and the instructions provided
Defines the minimum requirements for the basic design, inspection, testing, by the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) should be carefully followed
and preparation for shipment of liquid ring vacuum pump and compressor with regard to equipment installation and checkout. Most major topics of this
systems for service in the petroleum, chemical, and gas industries. It RP are subdivided into sections of “Installation Design” and “Installation”
includes both vacuum pump and compressor design and system design. with the intent being that each section can be removed and used as needed
Pages: 86 by the appropriate design or installation personnel. Pages: 254
1st Edition | February 1996 | Reaffirmed: November 2010 2nd Edition | December 2009 | Product Number: C68602 | Price: $181.00
Product Number: C68101 | Price: $137.00
RP 687
Std 682/ISO 21049:2004 Rotor Repair
Pumps—Shaft Sealing Systems for Centrifugal and Rotary Pumps Covers the minimum requirements for the inspection and repair of special
(ANSI/API Std 682-2004) purpose rotating equipment rotors, bearings and couplings used in
(includes Errata 1 dated November 2006) petroleum, chemical, and gas industry service. Pages: 540
Specifies requirements and gives recommendations for sealing systems for 1st Edition | September 2001 | Reaffirmed: January 2009
centrifugal and rotary pumps used in the petroleum, natural gas and Product Number: C68701 | Price: $259.00
chemical industries. It is applicable to hazardous, flammable and/or toxic
services where a greater degree of reliability is required for the improvement RP 687
of equipment availability and the reduction of emissions to the atmosphere.
It covers seals for pump shaft diameters from 20 mm (0.75 in.) to 110 mm Rotor Repair—Data CD
(4.3 in.). This Standard is also applicable to seal spare parts and can be CD-ROM containing all datasheets from RP 687.
referred to for the upgrading of existing equipment. A classification system 1st Edition | September 2001 | Product Number: C68701 | Price: $239.00
for the seal configurations covered by this International Standard into
categories, types, arrangements and orientations is provided.
Std 689/ISO 14224:2006
ISO 21049:2004. Pages: 195 Collection and Exchange of Reliability and Maintenance Data for
Equipment
3rd Edition|September 2004| Product Number: CX68203 | Price: $224.00
(ANSI/API Std 689-2007)
RP 684 This Standard provides a comprehensive basis for the collection of reliability
and maintenance (RM) data in a standard format for equipment in all
API Standard Paragraphs Rotordynamic Tutorial: Lateral Critical facilities and operations within the petroleum, natural gas and petrochemical
Speeds, Unbalance Response, Stability, Train Torsionals, and Rotor industries during the operational life cycle of equipment. It describes data-
Balancing collection principles and associated terms and definitions that constitute
Describes, discusses, and clarifies the section of the API Standard “reliability language” that can be useful for communicating operational
Paragraphs that outline the complete lateral and torsional rotordynamics and experience. The failure modes defined in the normative part of this Standard
rotor balancing acceptance program designed by API to ensure equipment can be used as a “reliability thesaurus” for various quantitative as well as
mechanical reliability. Background material on the fundamentals of these qualitative applications. This Standard also describes data quality control
subjects (including terminology) along with rotor modeling utilized in this and assurance practices to provide guidance for the user. API 689
analysis is presented for those unfamiliar with the subject. This document is establishes requirements that any inhouse or commercially available RM
an introduction to the major aspects of rotating equipment vibrations that data system is required to meet when designed for RM data exchange.
are addressed during a typical lateral dynamics analysis. Pages: 303 Examples, guidelines and principles for the exchange and merging of such
RM data are addressed.
2nd Edition | August 2005 | Reaffirmed: November 2010
Product Number: C68402 | Price: $170.00 ISO 14224:2006. Pages: 171
1st Edition | July 2007 | Product Number: CC68901 | Price: $206.00


Refining

EQUIPMENT DATASHEETS STORAGE TANKS
Electronically Formatted Mechanical Equipment Standards Datasheets are Std 620
now available in electronic format (Excel 5.0 spreadsheets): Design and Construction of Large, Welded, Low-Pressure Storage
All of the following Datasheets are available for single user at $57.00 each Tanks
or for intranet licensing at $299.00 each.
The API Downstream Segment has prepared this Standard to cover large,
Std 537 2nd Edition Std 660 8th Edition field-assembled storage tanks of the type described in 1.2 that contain
Std 546 3rd Edition Std 662 2nd Edition petroleum intermediates (gases or vapors) and finished products, as well as
Std 560 4th Edition Std 670 4th Edition other liquid products commonly handled and stored by the various branches
Std 610 11th Edition Std 671 4rd Edition of the industry. The rules presented in this Standard cannot cover all details
Std 611 5th Edition Std 672 4rd Edition of design and construction because of the variety of tank sizes and shapes
Std 612 6th Edition Std 673 2nd Edition that may be constructed. Where complete rules for a specific design are not
Std 613 5th Edition Std 674 3rd Edition given, the intent is for the Manufacturer—subject to the approval of the
Std 614 5th Edition Std 675 2nd Edition Purchaser’s authorized representative—to provide design and construction
Std 616 5th Edition Std 676 3rd Edition details that are as safe as those which would otherwise be provided by this
Std 617 7th Edition Std 677 3rd Edition Standard. Pages: 254
Std 618 5th Edition Std 682 3rd Edition
Std 619 5th Edition Std 685 2nd Edition 11th Edition | February 2008 | Product Number: C62011 | Price: $353.00
Mechanical Equipment Residual Unbalance Worksheets
Std 625
Electronic versions of the Residual Unbalance Worksheets that appear in
Mechanical Equipment standards (Excel) along with instructions (Word). Tank Systems for Refrigerated Liquefied Gas Storage
Price: $111.00 This Standard covers low pressure, aboveground, vertical, and cylindrical
tank systems storing liquefied gases requiring refrigeration. This Standard
provides general requirements on responsibilities, selection of storage
The API Specification Database concept, performance criteria, accessories/appurtenances, quality
The American Petroleum Institute Specification Database Software™ assurance, insulation, and commissioning of tank systems.
provides a knowledge-management toolset for the project engineering team. This Standard covers tank systems having a storage capacity of 800 cubic
Facilitate the entire equipment specification process including the entry of meters (5000 bbls) and larger. Stored product shall be liquids which are in a
process data and release to design to the final entry of mechanical data gaseous state at ambient temperature and pressure and require refrigeration
sheets and development of the technical bid specification package. to less than 5 °C (40 °F) to maintain a liquid phase. Tank systems with a
Electronic outputs can be combined to form a master technical specification minimum design temperature of –198 °C (–325 °F), a maximum design
bid package for quotation and purchasing purposes with a modern tree-view internal pressure of 50 kPa (7 psig), and a maximum design uniform
format for ease of navigation. Completed projects provide on-going external pressure of 1.75 kPa (0.25 psig) are covered.
documentation for plant equipment assets—improving safety and reliability.
Available in a full-featured corporate wide Oracle® format or a portable The tank system configurations covered consist of a primary liquid and vapor
ODBC database format with primary focus on equipment datasheets. containment constructed of metal, concrete, or a metal/concrete
combination and, when required, a secondary liquid containment. Metallic
Contact EPCON International at (281) 398-9400 container materials, design, fabrication, inspection, examination, and testing
or visit the EPCON website: www.epcon.com are covered in API 620 Appendix Q or Appendix R. The applicable appendix
of API 620 depends on the design metal temperature and the applicable
MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT—TRAINING COURSES temperature ranges given in these appendices. Pages: 59
1st Edition | August 2010 | Product Number: C62501 | Price: $225.00
Rotor Repair based on API 687
www.api.org/apiucalendar Std 650 
The API Rotor Repair Course, based on Std 687, covers the minimum Welded Tanks for Oil Storage
requirements for the inspection and repair of rotating equipment rotors, (Purchase includes addenda to the current edition of the Standard)
bearings, and couplings used in the petroleum, chemical and gas industry Establishes minimum requirements for material, design, fabrication,
services. erection, and testing for vertical, cylindrical, aboveground, closed and open
top wielded carbon or stainless steel storage tanks in various sizes and
Specifying Reliable Cost Effective Machinery Designs capacities for internal pressures approximating atmospheric pressure
www.api.org/apiucalendar (internal pressures not exceeding the weight of the roof plates), but a higher
Take advantage of over 800 man years of expert experience in specifying, internal pressure is permitted when addition requirements are met. This
design, testing, installation and repair of rotating equipment by attending Standard applies only to tanks whose entire bottom is uniformly supported
this new course covering the API Mechanical Equipment Standards. Learn and to tanks in non-refrigerated service that have a maximum design
the API mechanical equipment standard requirements, the reasons behind temperature of 93 °C (200 °F) or less. Pages: 376
the requirements and how to knowledgably apply these specifications. 11th Edition | June 2007 | Product Number: C65011 | Price: $425.00

Std 650
Welded Tanks for Oil Storage—Datasheets
CD-ROM containing all datasheets from Std 650.
11th Edition | June 2007 | Product Number: C65011D
Price for single user: $57.00 | Price for intranet licensing: $299.00


Refining

Std 650 * Std 653 *
Welded Tanks for Oil Storage—Chinese Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction—Chinese
Chinese translation of Std 650. Chinese translation of Std 653.
11th Edition | June 2007 | Product Number: C65011C | Price: $446.00 4th Edition | April 2009 | Product Number: C65304C | Price: $215.00

RP 651  Publ 937
Cathodic Protection of Aboveground Storage Tanks Evaluation of Design Criteria for Storage Tanks With Frangible Roof
(ANSI/API RP 651-2006) Joints
Presents procedures and practices for achieving effective corrosion control Describes research that evaluated the ability of the present API 650 tank
on aboveground steel storage tank bottoms through the use of cathodic design criteria to ensure the desired frangible joint behavior. Particular
protection. It is the intent of this RP to provide information and guidance for questions include: (1) evaluation of the area inequality as a method to
the application of cathodic protection to existing and new storage tanks in predict the buckling response of the compression ring, (2) effect of roof
hydrocarbon service. Specific cathodic protection designs are not provided. slope, tank diameter, and weld size on the frangible joint, and (3) effect of
Certain practices recommended herein may also be applicable to tanks in the relative strength of the roof-to-shell joint compared to the shell-to-bottom
other services. Corrosion control methods based on chemical control of the joint. Pages: 73
environment or the use of protective coatings are not covered in detail. 1st Edition | April 1996 | Product Number: C93701 | Price: $131.00
Pages: 33
3rd Edition | January 2007 | Product Number: C65103 | Price: $102.00 TR 939-D
Stress Corrosion Cracking of Carbon Steel in Fuel Grade Ethanol—
RP 651 * Review, Experience Survey, Field Monitoring, and Laboratory Testing
Cathodic Protection of Aboveground Storage Tanks—Chinese Addresses stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in carbon steel equipment used
Chinese translation of RP 651. in distribution, transportation, storage, and blending of denatured fuel
3rd Edition | January 2007 | Product Number: C65103C | Price: $108.00 ethanol. API, with assistance from the Renewable Fuels Association (RFA),
conducted research on the potential for metal cracking and product leakage
RP 652  in certain portions of the fuel ethanol distribution system. TR 939-D contains
a review of existing literature, results of an industry survey on cracking events
Lining of Aboveground Petroleum Storage Tank Bottoms and corrosion field monitoring, information on mitigation and prevention.
(ANSI/API RP 652-2005) Pages: 172
Provides guidance on achieving effective corrosion control by the application 2nd Edition | May 2007 | Product Number: C939D0 | Price: $155.00
of tank bottom linings in aboveground storage tanks in hydrocarbon service.
It contains information pertinent to the selection of lining materials, surface Std 2510
preparation, lining application, cure, and inspection of tank bottom linings
for existing and new storage tanks. In many cases, tank bottom linings have Design and Construction of LPG Installations
proven to be an effective method of preventing internal corrosion of steel Provides minimum requirements for the design and construction of
tank bottoms. installations for the storage and handling of LPG at marine and pipeline
Provides information and guidance specific to aboveground steel storage terminals, natural gas processing plants, refineries, petrochemical plants,
tanks in hydrocarbon service. Certain practices recommended herein may and tank farms. This Standard covers storage vessels, loading and unloading
also applicable to tanks in other services. This RP is intended to serve only systems, piping and related equipment. Pages: 22
as a guide and detailed tank bottom lining specifications are not included. 8th Edition | May 2001 | Product Number: C25108
Pages: 15 Reaffirmed: October 2011 | Price: $100.00
3rd Edition | October 2005 | Product Number: C65203 | Price: $113.00
You may access RP 652 in a read-only platform: publications.api.org Impact of Gasoline Blended with Ethanol on the Long-Term
Structural Integrity of Liquid Petroleum Storage Systems and
RP 652 * Components
Lining of Aboveground Petroleum Storage Tank Bottoms—Chinese Summarizes the results of a literature review conducted for API on the
Chinese translation of RP 652. impact of gasoline blended with ethanol on the long-term structural integrity
of liquid petroleum storage systems and components. It is anticipated that
3rd Edition | October 2005 | Product Number: C65203C | Price: $119.00 the use of ethanol in motor fuels will continue to increase. This has
generated interest about the potential long-term structural effects of ethanol
Std 653  on liquid petroleum storage systems, including underground storage tanks
Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction (USTs), underground piping, and associated components. The objective of
the literature review is to determine the state of industry knowledge and
Covers the inspection, repair, alteration, and reconstruction of steel research on the effects of ethanol /gasoline blends on the long-term
aboveground storage tanks used in the petroleum and chemical industries. structural integrity of UST systems and components. This review is intended
Provides the minimum requirements for maintaining the integrity of welded to assist decision-makers on further research requirements and needed
or riveted, nonrefrigerated, atmospheric pressure, aboveground storage tanks changes or supplements to existing standards for underground storage
after they have been placed in service. Pages: 152 system components used for storing and dispensing gasoline blended with
4th Edition | April 2009 | Product Number: C65304 | Price: $205.00 ethanol.
You may access Std 653 in a read-only platform: publications.api.org Appendix A may be purchased separately as an electronic database file. The
database synopsis’ and bibliographic information for all articles reviewed for
the project. The report is organized by article index numbers. Reference
numbers cited in this report refer to the article index number.
January 2003 | Executive Summary | Price: $63.00
Appendix A—Literature Review | Price $123.00


Refining

PRESSURE-RELIEVING SYSTEMS FOR REFINERY SERVICE • materials;
• pressure-temperature limits;
Std 520, Part 1 • center-to-face dimensions, inlet and outlet.
Sizing, Selection, and Installation of Pressure-Relieving Devices in Nameplate nomenclature and requirements for stamping are detailed in
Refineries—Part 2, Sizing and Selection Annex A. Pages: 43
Applies to the sizing and selection of pressure relief devices used in 6th Edition | April 2009 | Product Number: C52606 | Price: $151.00
refineries and related industries for equipment that has a maximum
allowable working pressure of 15 psig (103 kPag) or greater. The pressure Std 526 *
relief devices covered in this Standard are intended to protect unfired Flanged Steel Pressure Relief Valves—Russian
pressure vessels and related equipment against overpressure from operating
and fire contingencies. This Standard includes basic definitions and The Russian translation of Standard 526.
information about the operational characteristics and applications of various 5th Edition | June 2002| Product Number: C52605R | Price: $125.00
pressure relief devices. It also includes sizing procedures and methods
based on steady state flow of Newtonian fluids. Atmospheric and low- Std 527
pressure storage tanks covered in API 2000 and pressure vessels used for
the transportation of products in bulk or shipping containers are not within Seat Tightness of Pressure Relief Valves
the scope of this Standard. See Std 521 for information about appropriate (ANSI/API Std 527-1992)
ways of reducing pressure and restricting heat input. The rules for Describes methods of determining the seat tightness of metal- and soft-
overpressure protection of fired vessels are provided in ASME Section I and seated pressure relief valves, including those of conventional, bellows, and
ASME B31.1, and are not within the scope of this Standard. Pages: 135 pilot-operated designs. Pages: 4
8th Edition | December 2008 | Product Number: C52018 | Price: $241.00 3rd Edition | July 1991 | Reaffirmed: July 2007
RP 520, Part 2
Sizing, Selection, and Installation of Pressure-Relieving Devices in Std 527 *
Refineries—Part 2, Installation Seat Tightness of Pressure Relief Valves—Russian
Covers the methods of installation for pressure relief devices for equipment Russian translation of Std 527.
that has a maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP) of 15 psig (1.03 3rd Edition | July 1991 | Product Number: C52700R | Price: $66.00
bar g) or greater. Pressure relief valves or rupture disks may be used
independently or in combination with each other to provide the required
protection against excessive pressure accumulation. The term “pressure RP 576 
relief valve” includes safety relief valves used in either compressible or Inspection of Pressure-Relieving Devices
incompressible fluid service, and relief valves used in incompressible fluid Describes the inspection and repair practices for automatic pressure-
service. Covers gas, vapor, steam, and incompressible fluid service. relieving devices commonly used in the oil and petrochemical industries. As
Pages: 29 a guide to the inspection and repair of these devices in the user’s plant, it is
5th Edition | August 2003 | Reaffirmed: February 2011 intended to ensure their proper performance. This publication covers such
Product Number: C52025 | Price: $166.00 automatic devices as pressure-relief valves, pilot-operated pressure-relief
valves, rupture disks, and weight-loaded pressure-vacuum vents. The scope
Std 521/ISO 23251:2006 of this RP includes the inspection and repair of automatic pressure-relieving
devices commonly used in the oil and petrochemical industry. This
Guide for Pressure-Relieving and Depressuring Systems publication does not cover weak seams or sections in tanks, explosion doors,
(includes Errata 1 dated June 2007 and Addendum 1 dated fusible plugs, control valves, and other devices that either depend on an
May 2008) external source of power for operation or are manually operated. Inspections
Applies to pressure-relieving and vapordepressuring systems intended for and tests made at manufacturers’ plants, which are usually covered by codes
use primarily in oil refineries, although it is also applicable to petrochemical or purchase specifications, are not covered by this publication. This
facilities, gas plants, liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities, and oil and gas publication does not cover training requirements for mechanics involved in
production facilities. This International Standard specifies requirements and the inspection and repair of pressure-relieving devices. Those seeking these
gives guidelines for examining the principal causes of overpressure; requirements should see API 510, which gives the requirements for a quality
determining individual relieving rates; and selecting and designing disposal control system and specifies that the repair organization maintain and
systems, including such component parts as piping, vessels, flares, and vent document a training program ensuring that personnel are qualified.
stacks. This International Standard does not apply to direct-fired steam Pages: 65
boilers. The information provided is designed to aid in the selection of the 3rd Edition | November 2009 | Product Number: C57603 | Price: $130.00
system that is most appropriate for the risks and circumstances involved in
various installations. This International Standard is intended to supplement RP 576 *
the practices set forth in RP 5201 or ISO 4126 for establishing a basis of
design. Pages: 192 Inspection of Pressure-Relieving Devices—Chinese
5th Edition | January 2007 | Product Number: C52105 | Price: $212.00 Chinese translation of RP 576.
3rd Edition | November 2009 | Product Number: C57603C | Price: $137.00
Std 526
Flanged Steel Pressure-Relief Valves Std 2000/ISO 28300:2008
(includes Errata 1 dated May 2009) Venting Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks
This Standard is a purchase specification for flanged steel pressure-relief Covers the normal and emergency vapour venting requirements for
valves. Basic requirements are given for direct spring-loaded pressure-relief aboveground liquid petroleum or petroleum products storage tanks and
valves and pilot-operated pressure-relief valves as follows: aboveground and underground refrigerated storage tanks, designed for
• orifice designation and area; operation at pressures from full vacuum through 103,4 kPa (ga) [15 psig].
• valve size and pressure rating, inlet and outlet;


Refining

Discussed in this International Standard are the causes of overpressure and records are described to aid the inspector in fulfilling their role implementing
vacuum; determination of venting requirements; means of venting; selection, API 570. This publication does not cover inspection of specialty items,
and installation of venting devices; and testing and marking of relief devices. including instrumentation and control valves. Pages: 88
Intended for tanks containing petroleum and petroleum products but it can 3rd Edition | November 2009 | Product Number: C57403 | Price: $132.00
also be applied to tanks containing other liquids; however, it is necessary to
use sound engineering analysis and judgment whenever this International RP 574 *
Standard is applied to other liquids. Inspection Practices for Piping System Components—Chinese
This International Standard does not apply to external floating-roof tanks.
Chinese translation of RP 574.
ISO 28300:2008. Pages: 76 3rd Edition | November 2009 | Product Number: C57403C | Price: $139.00
6th Edition | November 2009 | Product Number: CX20006 | Price: $143.00 RP 578 
Material Verification Program for New and Existing Alloy Piping
PRESSURE-RELIEVING SYSTEMS FOR REFINERY SERVICE— Systems
TRAINING COURSE
Provides the guidelines for a material and quality assurance system to verify
Pressure Relieving Systems Based on API RP 520/521 that the nominal composition of alloy components within the pressure
www.api.org/apiucalendar envelope of a piping system is consistent with the selected or specified
construction materials to minimize the potential for catastrophic release of
API’s 3-day course, taught by the Equity Engineering Group, inc. provides toxic or hazardous liquids or vapors. This RP provides the guidelines for
real-world case studies about incidents involving pressure relief valves (PRV). material control and material verification programs on ferrous and
There also are classroom exercises that illustrate procedures for determining nonferrous alloys during the construction, installation, maintenance, and
relief rates and valve size. inspection of new and existing process piping systems covered by the ASME
B31.3 and API 570 piping codes. This RP applies to metallic alloy materials
PIPING COMPONENT AND VALVE STANDARDS purchased for use either directly by the owner/user or indirectly through
vendors, fabricators, or contractors and includes the supply, fabrication, and
API 570  erection of these materials. Carbon steel components specified in new or
Piping Inspection Code: In-Service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and existing piping systems are not specifically covered under the scope of this
Alteration of Piping Systems document unless minor/trace alloying elements are critical to component
corrosion resistance or similar degradation. Pages: 13
(Purchase includes addenda to the current edition of the code)
2nd Edition | March 2010 | Product Number: C57802 | Price: $125.00
Covers the inspection, rating, repair, and alteration procedures for metallic
and FRP piping systems and their associated pressure relieving devices that
have been in-service. The intent of this code is to specify the in-service RP 591
inspection and condition-monitoring program that is needed to determine Process Valve Qualification Procedure
the integrity of piping. That program should provide reasonably accurate and Provides recommendations for evaluation of a manufacture’s valve
timely assessments to determine if any changes in the condition of piping construction and quality assurance program for the purpose of determining a
could possibly compromise continued safe operation. API 570 was manufacturer's capability to provide new valves manufactured in accordance
developed for the petroleum refining and chemical process industries but with the applicable API Standards. Qualification of valves under this RP is
may be used, where practical, for any piping system. It is intended for use by “manufacturing facility specific” and does not cover valves manufactured by
organizations that maintain or have access to an authorized inspection other manufacturing facilities, whether owned by the same manufacturer or a
agency, a repair organization, and technically qualified piping engineers, third party. Fugitive emissions testing is outside the scope of this RP.
inspectors, and examiners. Intended for use by organizations that maintain Pages: 16
or have access to an authorized inspection agency, repair organization, and
technically qualified personnel. May be used, where practical, for any piping 4th Edition | December 2008 | Product Number: C59104 | Price: $86.00
system. Piping inspectors are to be certified as stated in this inspection
code. Pages: 65 RP 591 *
3rd Edition | November 2009 | Product Number: C57003 | Price: $130.00 Process Valve Qualification Procedures—Russian
The Russian translation of Standard 591.
API 570 * 3rd Edition | September 2003| Product Number: C59103R | Price: $125.00
Piping Inspection Code: In-Service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and
Alteration of Piping Systems—Chinese Std 594 
Chinese translation of API 570. Check Valves: Flanged, Lug, Wafer and Butt-Welding
3rd Edition | November 2009 | Product Number: C5703C | Price: $137.00 Covers design, materials, face-to-face dimensions, pressure-temperature
ratings, and examination, inspection, and test requirements for two types of
RP 574  check valves:
Inspection Practices for Piping System Components • Type 'A' check valves are shor..t face-to-face and can be: wafer, lug, or
double flanged; single plate or dual plate; gray iron, ductile iron, steel,
Supplements API 570 by providing piping inspectors with information that nickel alloy, or other alloy designed for installation between Classes 125
can improve skill and increase basic knowledge and practices. This RP and 250 cast iron flanges as specified in ASME B16.1, between Classes
describes inspection practices for piping, tubing, valves (other than control 150 and 300 ductile iron flanges as specified in ASME B16.42, between
valves), and fittings used in petroleum refineries and chemical plants. Classes 150 and 2500 steel flanges as specified in ASME B16.5, and
Common piping components, valve types, pipe joining methods, inspection between Classes 150 and 600 steel pipeline flanges as specified in MSS
planning processes, inspection intervals and techniques, and types of SP-44 or steel flanges as specified in ASME B16.47.



Refining

• Type 'B' bolted cover swing check valves are long face-to-face as defined Std 602 
in 5.1.2 and can be: flanged or buttwelding ends of steel, nickel alloy, or Steel Gate, Globe, and Check Valves for Sizes DN 100 and Smaller for
other alloy material. End flanges shall be as specified in ASME B16.5 or the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries
ends shall be butt-welding as specified in ASME B16.25. Pages: 21
Specifies the requirements for a series of compact steel gate, globe and
7th Edition | September 2010 | Effective Date: March 1, 2011 check valves for petroleum and natural gas industry applications.
Product Number: C59407 | Price: $102.00 It is applicable to valves of:
• nominal pipe sizes NPS 1/4, NPS 3/8, NPS 1/2, NPS 3/4, NPS 1, NPS 1
Std 594 * 1/4, NPS 1 1/2, NPS 2, NPS 2 1/2, NPS 3, and NPS 4;
Check Valves: Flanged, Lug, Wafer, and Butt-welding—Russian • corresponding to nominal sizes DN 8, DN 10, DN 15, DN 20, DN 25, DN
The Russian translation of Standard 594. 32, DN 40, DN 50, DN 65, DN 80, and DN 100.
6th Edition | November 2004| Product Number: C59406R | Price: $93.00 It is also applicable to pressure designations of Class 150, Class 300, Class
600, Class 800 and Class 1500. Class 800 is not a listed class
Std 598 designation, but is an intermediate class number widely used for socket
Valve Inspection and Testing welding and threaded end compact valves. It includes provisions for the
following valve characteristics.
Covers inspection, examination, supplementary examinations, and pressure
test requirements for resilient-seated, nonmetallic-seated (e.g. ceramic), • Outside screw with rising stems (OS & Y), in sizes 1/4 NPS 4 (8 DN 100)
and metal-to-metal-seated valves of the gate, globe, plug, ball, check, and and pressure designations including Class 800.
butterfly types. Pages: 11 • Inside screw with rising stems (ISRS), in sizes 1/4 NPS 2 1/2 (8 DN 65)
and pressure designations of classes 800.
9th Edition | September 2009 | Product Number: C59809 | Price: $84.00
• Socket welding or threaded ends, in sizes 1/4 NPS 2 1/2 (8 DN 65) and
pressure designations of Class 800 and Class 1500.
Std 598 *
• Flanged or butt-welding ends, in sizes 1/2 NPS 4 (15 DN 100) and pres-
Valve Inspection and Testing—Russian sure designations of Class 150 through Class 1500, excluding flanged
Russian translation of Std 598. end Class 800.
9th Edition | May 2004 | Product Number: C59808R | Price: $80.00 • Bonnet Joint Construction
• Bolted, welded and threaded with seal weld for classes 1500 and union
Std 599  nut for classes 800.
Metal Plug Valves—Flanged, Threaded and Welding Ends • Standard and full-bore body seat openings.
Covers steel, nickel base and other alloy plug valves with flanged or butt- • Materials, as specified.
welding ends and ductile iron plug valves with flanged ends in sizes NPS 1/2 • Testing and inspection.
through NPS 24 and threaded or socket-welding ends for sizes NPS 1/2 This publication is applicable to valve end flanges in accordance with ASME
through NPS 2. Valve bodies conforming to ASME B16.34 may have one B16.5, valve body ends having tapered pipe threads to ASME B1.20.1 or
flange and one butt-welding end, or one threaded and one socket welding ISO 7-1, valve body ends having socket weld ends to ASME B16.11 and
end. Pages: 12 butt-weld connections per the requirements described within this Standard.
6th Edition | October 2007 | Product Number: C59906 | Price: $78.00 It is applicable to extended body construction in sizes 1/2 NPS 2 (15 DN
50) and pressure designations of Class 800 and Class 1500, and to
Std 599 * bellows and bellows assembly construction as may be adaptable to gate or
globe valves in sizes 1/4 NPS 2 (8 DN 50). It covers bellows stem seal type
Metal Plug Valves: Flanged, Threaded, Welding, and Extended-body testing requirements. Pages: 50
Ends—Russian 9th Edition | October 2009 | Effective Date: April 1, 2010
The Russian translation of Standard 599. Product Number: C60209 | Price: $106.00
5th Edition | August 2002| Product Number: C59905R | Price: $125.00
Std 603 
Std 600  Corrosion-Resistant, Bolted Bonnet Gate Valves—Flanged and Butt-
Steel Gate Valves—Flanged and Butt-Welding Ends, Bolted Bonnets Welding Ends
(includes Errata 1 dated November 2009) Specifies the requirements for corrosion-resistant bolted bonnet gate valves
Specifies the requirements for a heavy-duty series of bolted bonnet steel meeting the requirements of ASME B16.34, Standard Class, for valves having
gate valves for petroleum refinery and related applications where corrosion, flanged or butt-weld ends in sizes NPS 1/2 through 24, corresponding to
erosion and other service conditions would indicate a need for full port nominal pipe sizes in ASME B36.10M, and Classes 150, 300, and 600.
openings, heavy wall sections and large stem diameters. Pages: 22 Covers requirements for corrosion resistant gate vales for use in process
12th Edition | March 2009 | Effective Date: September 1, 2009 piping applications. Covered are requirements for outside-screw-and-yoke
Product Number: C60012 | Price: $115.00 (OS&Y) valves with rising stems, non-rising hand-wheels, bolted bonnets,
and various types of gate configurations. Pages: 12
Std 600 /ISO 10434 * 7th Edition | July 2007 | Product Number: C60307 | Price: $72.00
Steel Gate Valves-Flanged and Butt-welding Ends, Bolted Bonnets—
Chinese Std 603 *
The Chinese translation of Standard 600. Corrosion-Resistant, Bolted Bonnet Gate Valves—Flanged and Butt-
12th Edition | March 2009| Product Number: C60012C | Price: $120.00 Welding Ends—Russian
Russian translation of Std 603.
7th Edition | July 2007 | Product Number: C60307R | Price: $76.00



Refining

Std 607 API 615
Fire Test for Quarter-Turn Valves and Valves Equipped With Valve Selection Guide
Non-Metallic Seats Provides guidance on the selection of common types of valves used by the
Specifies fire type-testing requirements and a fire type-test method for petroleum refining, chemical, petrochemical and associated industries.
confirming the pressure-containing capability of a valve under pressure These include gate, ball, plug, butterfly, check, and globe valves covered by
during and after the fire test. It does not cover the testing requirements for API and ASME Standards. Modulating control valves and pressure relief
valve actuators other than manually operated gear boxes or similar valves are outside the scope of this RP Pages: 35
.
mechanisms when these form part of the normal valve assembly. Other 1st Edition | June 2010 | Product Number: C61501 | Price: $73.00
types of valve actuators (e.g. electrical, pneumatic, or hydraulic) may need
special protection to operate in the environment considered in this valve test, RP 621
and the fire testing of such actuators is outside the scope of this Standard.
Pages: 14 Reconditioning of Metallic Gate, Globe, and Check Valves
6th Edition | September 2010 | Product Number: C60706 | Price: $81.00 Provides guidelines for reconditioning heavy wall (API 600 and API 594
type) carbon steel, ferritic alloy (up to 9 % Cr), stainless steel, and nickel
alloy gate, globe, and check valves for ASME pressure classes 150, 300,
Std 608  400, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500. Guidelines contained in this RP apply to
Metal Ball Valves—Flanged, Threaded and Butt-Welding Ends flanged and butt weld cast or forged valves. This RP does not cover
Specifies the requirements for metal ball valves suitable for petroleum, reconditioning or remanufacturing of used or surplus valves intended for
petrochemical and industrial applications that have butt-welding or flanged resale. The only intent of this RP is to provide guidelines for refurbishing an
ends for NPS 1/2 through NPS 20 and threaded or socket-welding ends for end user’s (Owner) valves for continued service in the Owner’s facility. Valves
NPS 1/4 through NPS 2, corresponding to the nominal pipe sizes in ASME reconditioned or remanufactured to this RP may not meet API Standard
B36.10M. Also applies to metal ball valves in pressure classes 150, 300, requirements for new valves. Pages: 26
and 600 for flanged and butt-welding ends and in pressure classes 150, 3rd Edition | August 2010 | Product Number: C62103 | Price: $135.00
300, 600, and 800 for socket-welding and threaded ends. Establishes
requirements for bore sizes described as full bore, single reduced bore, and Std 622 
double reduced bore. Covers additional requirements for ball valves that are
otherwise in full conformance to the requirements of ASME B16.34, Type Testing of Process Valve Packing for Fugitive Emissions
Standard Class. Pages: 17 Specifies the requirements for comparative testing of block valve stem
4th Edition | December 2008 | Effective Date: June 1, 2009 packing for process applications where fugitive emissions are a
Product Number: C60804 | Price: $95.00 consideration. Packing(s) shall be suitable for use at –29°C to 538°C (–
20°F to 1000°F). Factors affecting fugitive emissions performance that are
considered by this Standard include temperature, pressure, thermal cycling,
Std 609  mechanical cycling and corrosion. Pages: 29
Butterfly Valves: Double-Flanged, Lug- and Wafer-Type 2nd Edition | October 2011 | Product Number: C62202 | Price: $135.00
This Standard covers design, materials, face-to-face dimensions, pressure-
temperature ratings, and examination, inspection and test requirements for ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND EQUIPMENT
gray iron, ductile iron, bronze, steel, nickel-based alloy, or special alloy
butterfly valves that provide tight shutoff in the closed position. The following RP 500
two categories of butterfly valves are included.
Recommended Practice for Classification of Locations for Electrical
Category A—Manufacturer’s rated cold working pressure (CWP) butterfly
valves, usually with a concentric disc and seat configuration. Sizes covered Installations at Petroleum Facilities Classified as Class I, Division 1
are NPS 2 to NPS 48 for valves having ASME Class 125 or Class 150 flange and Division 2
bolting patterns. (ANSI/API RP 500-1998)
Category B—ASME Class and pressure-temperature rated butterfly valves Provides guidelines for determining the degree and extent of Class I, Division
that have an offset seat and either an eccentric or a concentric disc 1 and Class I, Division 2 locations at petroleum facilities, for the selection and
configuration. These valves may have a seat rating less than the body rating. installation of electrical equipment. Basic definitions provided in the “National
For lug and wafer, Class 150, 300, and 600, sizes covered are NPS 3 to Electric Code” have been followed in developing this document which applies
NPS 24. For double flanged long pattern, Class 150, 300, and 600, sizes to the classification of locations for both temporarily and permanently
covered are NPS 3 to NPS 36. For double flanged short pattern, Class 150 installed electrical equipment. RP 500 is intended to be applied where there
and 300, sizes covered are NPS 3 to NPS 48. For double-flanged short may be a risk of ignition due to the presence of flammable gas or vapor,
pattern, Class 600, sizes covered are NPS 3 to NPS 24. Pages: 30 mixed with air under normal atmospheric conditions. Pages: 121
7th Edition | October 2009 | Effective Date: April 1, 2010 2nd Edition | November 1997 | Reaffirmed: November 2002
Product Number: C60907 | Price: $89.00 Product Number: C50002 | Price: $197.00
You may access RP 500 in a read-only platform: publications.api.org
Std 609 *
Butterfly Vavles: Double-flanged, Lug, Wafer -type—Chinese RP 505
The Chinese translation of Standard 594. Recommended Practice for Classification of Locations for Electrical
7th Edition | October 2009| Product Number: C60907C | Price: $95.00 Installations at Petroleum Facilities Classified as Class I, Zone 0,
Zone 1 and Zone 2
(ANSI/API RP 505-1998)
Provides guidelines for determining the degree and extent of Class I, Zone 0,
Zone 1, and Zone 2 locations at petroleum facilities, for the selection and
installation of electrical equipment. Basic definitions provided in the National
Electrical Code have been followed in developing this document which
applies to the classification of locations for both temporarily and


Refining

permanently installed in electrical equipment. RP 505 is intended to be or laminated poles, and (2) the cylindrical rotor with solid or laminated
applied where there may be a risk of ignition due to the presence of construction. Also included are new datasheet guides to help clarify the
flammable gas or vapor, mixed with air under normal atmospheric datasheet requirements. Pages: 191
conditions. Pages: 131 3rd Edition | September 2008 | Product Number: C54603 | Price: $201.00
1st Edition | November 1997 | Reaffirmed: November 2002
Product Number: C50501 | Price: $197.00 Std 547 
You may access RP 505 in a read-only platform: publications.api.org General-Purpose Form-Wound Squirrel Cage Induction Motors—
250 Horsepower and Larger
RP 540
Covers the requirements for form-wound induction motors for use in general-
Electrical Installations in Petroleum Processing Plants purpose petroleum, chemical and other industrial severe duty applications.
Provides information on electrical installations in petroleum processing These motors:
plants. It is intended for all individuals and organizations concerned with the • are rated 250 hp (185 kW) through 3000 hp (2250 kW) for 4, 6 and 8
safe design, installation and operation of electrical facilities in petroleum pole speeds,
processing plants. Pages: 107 • are rated less than 800 hp (600 kW) for two-pole (3000 or 3600 RPM)
4th Edition | April 1999 | Reaffirmed: July 2004 motors of totally-enclosed construction,
Product Number: C54004 | Price: $182.00 • are rated less than 1250 hp (930 kW) for two-pole motors of WP-II type
enclosures,
Std 541 • drive centrifugal loads,
Form-Wound Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors 500 Horsepower and • drive loads having inertia values within those listed in NEMA MG 1 Part 20),
Larger • are not induction generators. Pages: 30
Covers the minimum requirements for all form-wound squirrel-cage induction 1st Edition | January 2005 | Product Number: C54701 | Price: $91.00
motors 500 Horsepower and larger for use in petroleum industry services.
This Standard may be applied to adjustable speed motors and induction HEAT TRANSFER EQUIPMENT STANDARDS
generators with appropriate attention to the specific requirements of such FOR REFINERY SERVICE
applications Pages: 84
4th Edition | June 2004 | Product Number: C54104 | Price: $166.00 Std 530/ISO 13704:2007
Calculation of Heater-Tube Thickness in Petroleum Refineries
RP 545 (includes Errata 1 dated January 2009)
Lightning Protection for Aboveground Storage Tanks Specifies the requirements and gives recommendations for the procedures
RP 545 replaces the requirements of API 2003 regarding lightning protection and design criteria used for calculating the required wall thickness of new
for preventing fires in storage tanks with flammable or combustible contents. tubes and associated component fittings for petroleum refinery heaters.
This RP provides guidance and information to assist owners/operators with These procedures are appropriate for designing tubes for service in both
lightning protection for tanks. This RP does not provide complete protection corrosive and non-corrosive applications. These procedures have been
for all possible lightning stroke occurrences. Pages: 12 developed specifically for the design of refinery and related process fired
1st Edition | October 2009 | Product Number: C54501 | Price: $98.00 heater tubes (direct-fired, heat-absorbing tubes within enclosures). These
procedures are not intended to be used for the design of external piping. This
TR 545-A Standard does not give recommendations for tube retirement thickness.
Verification of Lightning Protection Requirements for Above Ground This edition of API Std 530 is the identical national adoption of
ISO 13704:2007. Pages: 146
Hydrocarbon Storage Tanks
6th Edition | September 2008 | Product Number: C53006 | Price: $256.00
Collates a number of research reports investigating the lightning phenomena
and the adequacy of lightning protection requirements on above ground
hydrocarbon storage tanks. These are as follows: RP 534
• review of lightning phenomena and the interaction with above ground Heat Recovery Steam Generators
storage tanks, Provides guidelines for the selection or evaluation of heat recovery steam
• review of tank base earthing and test current recommendations, generator (HRSG) systems. Details of related equipment designs are
• lightning tests to tank shell/shunt samples, considered only where they interact with the HRSG system design. The
• visits to oil refinery A and B, document does not provide rules for design, but indicates areas that need
attention and offers information and descriptions of HRSG types available to
• review of burn-through and hot-spot effects on metallic tank skins from the designer/user for purposes of selecting the appropriate HRSG. Pages: 60
lightning strikes,
2nd Edition | February 2007 | Product Number: C53402 | Price: $92.00
• lightning simulation testing to determine the required characteristics for
roof bonding cables on external floating roof above ground storage tanks,
RP 535
• investigative tests on the lightning protection of submerged shunts with
parallel roof bonding cables. Pages: 193 Burners for Fired Heaters in General Refinery Services
1st Edition | October 2009 | Product Number: CLP2009 | Price: $130.00 Provides guidelines for the selection and/or evaluation of burners installed in
fired heaters in general refinery services. Details of fired heater and related
Std 546 equipment designs are considered only where they interact with the burner
selection. This RP does not provide rules for design but indicates areas that
Brushless Synchronous Machines 500 kVA and Larger need attention. It offers information and descriptions of burner types
Covers the minimum requirements for form- and bar-wound brushless available to the designer/user for purposes of selecting the appropriate
synchronous machines in petroleum-related industry service. The Standard burner for a given application. Pages: 76
has been updated to include both synchronous motors and generators with 2nd Edition | January 2006 | Product Number: C53502 | Price: $113.00
two different rotor designs: (1) the conventional salient-pole rotor with solid


Refining

RP 536 Std 661/ISO 13706:2005
Post Combustion NOx Control for Equipment in General Refinery Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers for General Refinery Service
Services (ANSI/API Std 661-2006)
Covers the mechanical description, operation, maintenance, and test Gives requirements and recommendations for the design, materials,
procedures of post-combustion NOx control equipment. It covers the fabrication, inspection, testing and preparation for shipment of air-cooled
Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction and Selective Catalytic Reduction heat exchangers for use in the petroleum and natural gas industries. This
methods of post-combustion NOx reduction. It does not cover reduced NOx Standard is applicable to air-cooled heat exchangers with horizontal
formation through burner design techniques such as external flue gas bundles, but the basic concepts can also be applied to other configurations.
recirculation (FGR). Pages: 41 This edition of API Std 661 is an identical national adoption of
2nd Edition | December 2006 |Product Number: C53602 | Price: $94.00 ISO 13706:2005. Pages: 115
6th Edition | February 2006 | Product Number: CX66106 | Price: $235.00
Std 537/ISO 25457:2008
Flare Details for General Refinery and Petrochemical Service Std 662, Part 1/ISO 15547-1:2005
Specifies requirements and provides guidance for the selection, design, Plate Heat Exchangers for General Refinery Services,
specification, operation and maintenance of flares and related combustion Part 1—Plate-and-Frame Heat Exchangers
and mechanical components used in pressure-relieving and vapour- (ANSI/API Std 662, Part 1-2011)
depressurizing systems for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas Gives requirements and recommendations for the mechanical design,
industries. Although this Standard is primarily intended for new flares and materials selection, fabrication, inspection, testing, and preparation for
related equipment, it is also possible to use it to evaluate existing flare shipment of plate-and-frame heat exchangers for use in petroleum,
facilities. petrochemical and natural gas industries. It is applicable to gasketed, semi-
This edition of API Std 537 is the identical national adoption of welded and welded plate-and frame heat exchangers.
ISO 25457:2008. Pages: 156 This edition of API Std 662-1 is an identical national adoption of
2nd Edition| December 2008 | Product Number: CX53702 | Price: $210.00 ISO 15547-1:2005. Pages: 34
1st Edition | February 2006 | Reaffirmed: February 2011
Std 560/ISO 13705:2006 Product Number: CX662101| Price: $128.00
Fired Heaters for General Refinery Services
(ANSI/API Std 560-2007) Std 662, Part 2/ISO 15547-2:2005
Specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the design, Plate Heat Exchangers for General Refinery Services,
materials, fabrication, inspection, testing, preparation for shipment, and Part 2—Brazed Aluminum Plate-Fin Heat Exchangers
erection of fired heaters, air preheaters, fans and burners for general refinery (ANSI/API 662, Part 2-2011)
service. This Standard is not intended to apply to the design of steam
reformers or pyrolysis furnace. Gives requirements and recommendations for the mechanical design,
materials selection, fabrication, inspection, testing, and preparation for
This edition of API Std 560 is an identical national adoption of shipment of brazed aluminum plate-fin heat exchangers for use in
ISO 13705:2006. Pages: 266 petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries.
4th Edition | August 2007 | Product Number: GX56004 | Price: $293.00 This edition of API Std 662-2 is an identical national adoption of
ISO 15547-2:2005. Pages: 34
RP 573 1st Edition | February 2006 | Reaffirmed: February 2011
Inspection of Fired Boilers and Heaters Product Number: CX662201 | Price: $128.00
Covers the inspection practices for fired boilers and process heaters
(furnaces) used in petroleum refineries and petrochemical plants. The INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
practices described in this document are focused to improve equipment
reliability and plant safety by describing the operating variables which impact RP 551
reliability, and to ensure that inspection practices obtain the appropriate Process Measurement Instrumentation
data, both on-stream and off-stream, to assess current and future
performance of the equipment. Pages: 69 Provides procedures for the installation of the more generally used
measuring and control instruments and related accessories. Pages: 58
2nd Edition | December 2002 | Reaffirmed: December 2010
1st Edition | May 1993 | Reaffirmed: February 2007
Std 660/ISO 16812:2007 RP 552
Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers Transmission Systems
(ANSI/API Std 660-2007)
Specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the mechanical Reviews the recommended practices for the installation of electronic and
design, material selection, fabrication, inspection, testing and preparation for pneumatic measurement and control-signal transmission systems. It does
shipment of shell-and-tube heat exchangers for the petroleum, petrochemical not discuss leased wire, radio, and telemetering transmission. Pages: 39
and natural gas industries. This Standard is applicable to the following types 1st Edition | October 1994 | Reaffirmed: February 2007
of shell-and-tube heat exchangers: heaters, condensers, coolers and Product Number: C55201 | Price: $105.00
reboilers. It is not applicable to vacuum-operated steam surface condensers
and feed-water heaters. RP 553
This edition of API Std 660 is the identical national adoption of Refinery Control Valves
ISO 16812:2007. Pages: 41
Provides recommended criteria for the selection, specification and
8th Edition | August 2007 | Product Number: CX66008 | Price: $160.00 application of piston and diaphragm actuated control valves. It also outlines
control valve design considerations, discusses control valve sizing, noise,
fugitive emissions, and defines types of commonly used control valves and
their actuators. Recommendations for emergency block and vent valves, on/


Refining

off valves intended for emergency isolation or venting, and special design RP 557
valves for refinery services, such as FCCU slide valves and vapor Guide to Advanced Control Systems
depressuring systems, are included. Pages: 26
Addresses the implementation and ownership of advanced control systems
1st Edition | September 1998 | Reaffirmed: February 2007 for refinery purposes. Describes commonly used practices for the
Product Number: C55301 | Price: $94.00 opportunity identification, justification, project management, implementation
and maintenance of advanced control system applications in refinery
RP 554, Part 1 services. Pages: 28
Process Control Systems, Part 1—Process Control Systems Functions 1st Edition | December 2000 | Reaffirmed: February 2007
and Functional Specification Development Product Number: C55701 | Price: $94.00
Addresses the processes required to successfully implement Process Control
Systems for refinery and petrochemical services. The major topic addressed TECHNICAL DATA BOOK PETROLEUM REFINING
in Part 1 is the basic functions that a Process Control System may need to
perform, and recommended methodologies for determining the functional Electronic Version of the API Technical Data Book
and integration requirements for a particular application. Pages: 32 Improve the overall design and operations in today's highly complex
2nd Edition | July 2007 | Product Number: C55402 | Price: $134.00 petroleum refinery process systems with the API Technical Database. Version
1.0 of the API Technical Database replaces the printed format of the popular
RP 554, Part 2 API Tech Data Books with a modern Windows interface that is so unique it is
Process Control Systems, Part 2—Control System Design patented. This single screen approach provides access to the latest API
physical property estimation methods and the software is critically reviewed
Addresses the processes required to successfully implement Process Control and approved by the API Technical Data Committee. Included is a database
Systems for Refinery and Petrochemical Services. The major topic addressed of property data for nearly 900 components, characterization of petroleum
in Part 2 is practices to select and design the installation for hardware and fractions, and petroleum fraction distillation interconversions. Users can
software required to meet the functional and integration requirements. quickly determine petroleum fraction physical property data such as critical
Pages: 65 properties, vapor pressure, density, liquid enthalpy, gas enthalpy, heat of
1st Edition | October 2008 | Product Number: C554201 | Price: $134.00 vaporization, liquid heat capacity, gas heat capacity, surface tension, liquid
viscosity, gas viscosity, liquid thermal conductivity, gas thermal conductivity,
RP 554, Part 3 and heat of combustion. Temperature-dependant properties can be
tabulated and graphed over any range, and distillation interconversions are
Process Control Systems, Part 3—Project Execution and Process displayed graphically. This data can then be exported for use in simulation
Control System Ownership and engineering software programs.
Addresses the processes required to successfully implement Process Control Contact EPCON International at 281-389-9400
Systems for Refinery and Petrochemical Services. The major topic addressed or visit the EPCON website: www.epcon.com
in Part 3 is project organization, skills and management required to execute
a Process Control project and then to own and operate a Process Control TECHNICAL DATA BOOK PETROLEUM REFINING
Systems. Pages: 40 RELATED ITEMS
1st Edition | October 2008 | Product Number: C554301 | Price: $103.00
TR 997
API 555 Comprehensive Report of API Crude Oil Characterization
Process Analyzers Measurements
Addresses the considerations in the application of analyzers and associated A consortium of API member companies has sponsored a research program
systems, installation, and maintenance. This Standard covers the following consisting of a series of projects on the characterization of crude oils. The
topics: process analyzer considerations, safety and environmental goal of this program was to obtain complete sets of assay and
considerations, spectroscopic chemical composition analyzers, non- thermophysical property data on a few widely varying crude oil refining and
spectroscopic chemical composition analyzers, physical property analyzers, refining facilities. This report provides descriptions of the test procedures,
chemical property analyzers. Pages: 225 discussions of their accuracy, and comprehensive compilation of the data for
2nd Edition | November 2001 | Reaffirmed: February 2007 the crude oils measured under this program. Pages: 129
Product Number: C55502 | Price: $141.00 1st Edition | August 2000 | Product Number: C99701 | Price: $204.00
RP 556  Reports Issued by Research Project 49
Instrumentation, Control, and Protective Systems for Gas Fired 1951
Heaters
API Research Project 49, Reference Clay Minerals, issued a series of eight
Provides guidelines that specifically apply to instrument, control and reports, as follows:
protective system installations for gas fired heaters in petroleum production, No. 1, Glossary of Mineral Names
refineries, petrochemical and chemical plants. Includes primary measuring
and actuating instruments, controls, alarms, and protective systems as they No. 2, Reference Clay Localities-United States
apply to fired heaters. Not covered in this RP are the following: oil fired and No. 3, Differential Thermal Analysis of Reference Clay Mineral Specimens
combination fired heaters; water tube boilers which consist of single or No. 4, Reference Clay-Europe
multiple burners and are designed for utility operation or where the primary No. 5, Occurrence and Microscopic Examination of Reference Clay Mineral
purpose is steam generation; fired steam generators used to recover heat Specimens
from combustion turbines; oven and furnaces used for the primary purpose No. 6, Electron Micrographs of Reference Clay Minerals
of incineration, oxidation, reduction or destruction of the process medium;
water bath or oil bath indirect fired heaters; CO boilers, pyrolysis furnaces, No. 7, Analytical Data on Reference Clay Minerals
and other specialty heaters. Pages: 66 No. 8, Infrared Spectra of Clay Minerals
2nd Edition | April 2011 | Product Number: C55602 | Price: $147.00


Refining

CHARACTERIZATION AND THERMODYNAMICS • pressure-containing equipment such as pressure vessels, heat exchang-
ers, piping, heater tubes, and pressure boundaries of rotating equipment
Thermodynamic Properties and Characterization of Petroleum and attachments welded thereto;
Fractions • tanks and attachments welded thereto;
February 1988 • nonremovable internals for process equipment;
• structural items attached and related to process equipment;
API Monograph Series
• other equipment or component item when referenced by an applicable
Each publication discusses the properties of solid, liquid, and gaseous purchase document.
phases of one or a few closely related, industrially important compounds in This document is general in nature and is intended to augment the welding
a compact, convenient, and systematic form. In addition to the basic requirements of ASME BPVC Section IX and similar codes, standards,
physical properties, each publication covers density, molar volume, vapor specifications and practices such as those listed in Section 2. The intent of
pressure, enthalpy of vaporization, surface tension, thermodynamic this document is to be inclusive of chemical, oil and gas industry standards,
properties, viscosity, thermal conductivity, references to properties of although there are many areas not covered herein, e.g. pipeline welding and
mixtures, and spectrographic data. offshore structural welding are intentionally not covered.
Publ 705, Tetralin, 1978
This document is based on industry experience and any restrictions or
Publ 706, cis- and trans-Decalin, 1978 limitations may be waived or augmented by the purchaser. Pages: 28
Publ 707, Naphthalene, 1978 2nd Edition | December 2009 | Product Number: C58202 | Price: $120.00
Publ 708, Anthacene and Phenanthrene 9, 1979
Publ 709, Four-Ring Condensed Aromatic Compounds, 1979 TR 932-A
Publ 710, Pyridine and Phenylpyridines, 1979 The Study of Corrosion in Hydroprocess Reactor Effluent Air Cooler
Publ 711, Quinoline, 1979 Systems
Publ 712, Isoquinoline, 1979 Provides technical background for controlling corrosion in hydroprocesses
Publ 713, Indanols, 1980 reactor effluent systems based on Industry experience and consensus
Publ 714, Indan and Indene, 1980 practice. Information for this report has been gathered from open literature,
Publ 715, Acenaphthylene, Acenaphthene, Fluorene, and Fluoranthene, private company reports, and interviews with representatives of major
1981 refining companies. The findings in this report are the basis for the guidance
in Bull 932-B.
Publ 716, Carbazole, 9-Methylcarbazole, and Acridine, 1981
September 2002 | Product Number: C932A0 | Price: $146.00
Publ 717, Thiphene, 2,3- and 2,5-Dihydrothiophene, and
Tetrahydrothiophene, 1981
Publ 932-B
Publ 718, Aniline, 1982
Design, Materials, Fabrication, Operation, and Inspection Guidelines
Publ 719, Indole, 1982
for Corrosion Control in Hydroprocessing Reactor Effluent Air Cooler
Publ 720, 2-, 3-, and 4-Methylaniline, 1983
(REAC) Systems
Publ 721, Benzofuran, Dibenzofuran, and Benzonaphthofurans, 1983
Publ 722, Isopropylbenzene, and 1-Methyl-2-, -3-, and -4-Isopropylbenzene, Provides guidance to engineering and plant personnel on equipment and
1984 piping design, material selection, fabrication, operation, and inspection
practices to manage corrosion and fouling in the wet sections of
Publ 723, tert-Butyl methyl ether, 1984 hydroprocessing reactor effluent systems. RP 932-B is applicable to process
Publ 724, 1- and 2-Methylnaphthalene and Dibenzanthracenes, 1985 streams in which NH4Cl and NH4HS salts can form and deposit in
equipment and piping, or dissolve in water to form aqueous solutions of
MATERIALS ENGINEERING PUBLICATIONS these salts. An understanding of the variables impacting corrosion and
fouling in these systems is necessary to improve the reliability, safety, and
RP 571  environmental impact associated with them. Within the refining industry,
Damage Mechanisms Affecting Fixed Equipment in the Refining continuing equipment replacements, unplanned outages, and catastrophic
Industry incidents illustrate the current need to better understand the corrosion
characteristics and provide guidance on all factors that can impact fouling
Provides background information on damage that can occur to equipment in and corrosion in REAC systems.
the refining process. It is intended to supplement Risk Based Inspection (RP 1st Edition | June 2004 | Product Number: C932B1 | Price: $166.00
580 and Publ 581) and Fitness-for-Service (RP 579) technologies
developed in recent years by API to manage existing refining equipment
integrity. It is also an excellent reference for inspection, operations, and RP 934-A
maintenance personnel. Covers over 60 damage mechanism. Each write-up Materials and Fabrication Requirements for 2-1/4/3Cr Alloy Steel
consists of a general description of the damage, susceptible materials, of Heavy Wall Pressure Vessels for High Temperature, High Pressure
construction, critical factors, inspection method selection guidelines, and Hydrogen Service
control measures. Wherever possible, pictures are included and references (includes Addendum 1 dated February 2010)
are provided for each mechanism. In addition, generic process flow diagrams
have been included that contain a summary of the major damage flow Applies to new heavy wall pressure vessels in petroleum refining,
mechanism expected for typical refinery process units. Pages: 362 petrochemical and chemical facilities in which hydrogen or hydrogen-
2nd Edition | April 2011 | Product Number: C57102 | Price: $319.00 containing fluids are processed at elevated temperature and pressure. It is
based on decades of industry operating experience and the results of
experimentation and testing conducted by independent manufactures,
RP 582 fabricators and users of heavy wall pressure vessels for this service.
Recommended Practice Welding Guidelines for the Chemical, Oil, Pages: 19
and Gas Industries 2nd Edition | May 2008 | Product Number: C934A02 | Price: $103.00
Provides supplementary guidelines and practices for welding and welding
related topics for shop and field fabrication, repair and modification of the
following:


Refining

TR 934-B  documented in accordance with ASME Code Section VIII, Division 1. This
Fabrication Considerations for Vanadium-Modified Cr-Mo Steel document may also be used as a resource when planning to modify existing
pressure vessels. The interior surfaces of these pressure vessels may have an
Heavy Wall Pressure Vessels austenitic stainless steel, ferritic stainless steel, or nickel alloy weld overlay or
This document is intended as a best practice guideline to be used by cladding to provide additional corrosion resistance.This RP is applicable to
fabricators, in conjunction with RP 934-A, when constructing new heavy wall wall (shell) thicknesses from 1 in. (25 mm) to 4 in. (100 mm). Integrally
pressure vessels with vanadium-modified Cr-Mo steels intended for service in reinforced nozzles, flanges, tubesheets, bolted channel covers, etc. can be
petroleum refining, petrochemical or chemical facilities. These materials are greater than 4 in. (100 mm). At shell or head thicknesses greater than 4 in.
primarily used in high temperature, high pressure services which contain (100 mm), 1-1/4Cr-1/2Mo and 1Cr-1/2Mo has been shown to have
hydrogen.The document provides typical practices to be followed during difficulty meeting the toughness requirements given in this document, but
fabrication based upon experience and the knowledge gained from actual this does not preclude the use of this alloy if these properties can be met or
problems that have occurred during the fabrication of vanadium-modified Cr- if the equipment is designed with stresses below the threshold for brittle
Mo steels. Pages: 42 fracture. Although outside of the scope, this document can be used as a
1st Edition | April 2011 | Product Number: C934B01 | Price: $131.00 resource for vessels down to 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) shell thickness with changes
defined by the Purchaser. Pages: 26
RP 934-C 1st Edition | August 2010 | Product Number: C934E01 | Price: $103.00
Materials and Fabrication of 1-1/4CR- 1/2Mo Steel Heavy Wall
Pressure Vessels for High Pressure Hydrogen Service Operating at or Publ 935
Below 825 °F (441 °C) Thermal Conductivity Measurement Study of Refractory Castables
Covers many of the “lean,” “standard,” and “super” grades of duplex stainless Compares the differences between measurement techniques used to
steels (DSS) most commonly used within refineries. The definitions of these develop thermal conductivity of refractory castables. The following
terms have not been firmly established by the industry, and vary between procedures were examined: Water Calorimeter, Calorimeter-Pilkington
literature references and materials suppliers. Table 1 shows how the various Method, Hot Wire Method, Comparative Thermal Conductivity Method, and
grades are being classified into “families” for the purposes of this report. The Panel Test. The refractory industry uses various methods for measuring and
UNS numbers of the standard grades being used for corrosive refining reporting thermal conductivity. The accuracy of reporting and understanding
services include S31803 and S32205, while the super grades include thermal conductivity are vital to developing the most cost effective, efficient,
S31260, S32520, S32550, S32750, S32760, S39274, and S39277. The and reliable equipment. The study makes no attempt to rank, classify or
grades which are labeled as “semi-lean” include S32304 and UNS S32003, assign accuracy to each of the measurement techniques. Pages: 22
have either lower Cr or Mo than the standard grades, and are used in some 1st Edition | September 1999 | Product Number: C93501 | Price: $58.00
process services that are less aggressive. These alloys and lean duplexes,
such as S32101, have also been used for storage tanks and structural Std 936 
applications primarily for their higher strength compared to carbon steel Refractory Installation Quality Control Specification—Inspection and
(CS). It is observed that new DSS alloys are being introduced and are likely
to continue to be introduced. These new grades can be reasonably placed in Testing Monolithic Refractory Linings and Materials
the context of this discussion based on their composition. Provides installation quality control procedures for monolithic refractory
The product forms within the scope are tubing, plate, sheet, forgings, pipe, linings and may be used to supplement owner specifications. Materials,
and fittings for piping, vessel, exchanger, and tank applications. The use of equipment, and personnel are qualified by the methods described, and
DSS for tanks is addressed by API 650, Appendix X. Later revisions of this applied refractory quality is closely monitored based on defined procedures
report may consider expanding the scope to include castings and other and acceptance criteria. The responsibilities of inspection personnel who
product forms for pumps, valves, and other applications. Use of DSS as a monitor and direct the quality control process are also defined.
cladding is also not included within the scope of this document. Pages: 44 3rd Edition | November 2008 | Product Number: C93603 | Price: $129.00
2nd Edition | April 2011 | Product Number: C938C02 | Price: $103.00
Publ 937-A
TR 934-D Study to Establish Relations for the Relative Strength of API 650 Cone
Technical Report on the Materials and Fabrication Issues of Roof, Roof-to-Shell and Shell-to-Bottom Joints
11/4Cr-1/2Mo and 1Cr-1/2Mo Steel Pressure Vessels Investigates the relative strengths of the roof-to-shell and shell-to-bottom
Numerous 11/4Cr-1/2Mo and 1Cr-1/2Mo vessels have been constructed joints, with the goal of providing suggestions for frangible roof design criteria
and successfully used in various applications in petroleum industry and in applicable to smaller tanks. Pages: 68
other types of service applications. These vessels have been constructed to 1st Edition | August 2005 | Product Number: C937A0 | Price: $118.00
the requirements of the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII,
Divisions 1 and 2, and to various international pressure vessel codes and Publ 938-A
standards. The 11/4Cr-1/2Mo and 1Cr-1/2Mo vessels are typically used in An Experimental Study of Causes and Repair of Cracking of
service conditions (e.g., high temperature and/or high pressure hydrogen),
which require heavy walls and cause in service deterioration. As such, the 11/4Cr- 1/2Mo Steel Equipment
steels are subject to special requirements, such as notch toughness, Gives the results of an experimental study conducted to provide the
elevated temperature tensile properties, hardness, fabrication heat petroleum industry with solutions to recurring incidents of cracking in the
treatments, etc., which may limit the maximum thickness to be able to meet application of welded 1 1/4 Cr-1/2 Mo steel for hydrogen processing
the desired properties. Corrosion protection by stainless steel weld overlay or equipment. Pages: 220
cladding may also be required. Pages: 56 1st Edition | May 1996 | Product Number: C93801 | Price: $159.00
1st Edition|September 2010 | Product Number: C934D01 | Price: $131.00
Publ 938-B
RP 934-E Use of 9Cr-1Mo-V (Grade 91) Steel in the Oil Refining Industry
Materials and Fabrication of 11/4Cr-1/2Mo Steel Pressure Vessels for
Provides guidelines on the proper specifications for base metal and welding
Service Above 825 °F (440 °C) consumables and successful fabrication, including welding and heat
Includes materials and fabrication requirements for new 11/4Cr-1/2Mo steel treatment requirements for use of 9Cr-1Mo-V alloy steel in the oil refinery
and 1Cr-1/2Mo pressure vessels and heat exchangers for high temperature services. This includes guidelines for preheat, postweld heat treatment,
service. It applies to vessels that are designed, fabricated, certified and procedure qualification, and mechanical and nondestructive testing. It


Refining

covers the basic material and metallurgical properties of 9Cr-1Mo-V steel, TR 939-D
including a summary of the physical and mechanical properties, corrosion Stress Corrosion Cracking of Carbon Steel in Fuel Grade Ethanol—
and oxidation resistance, indicating possible corrosion and/or mechanical
failure mechanisms and how to avoid them. The appropriate base metal Review, Experience Survey, Field Monitoring, and Laboratory Testing
heat treatment is also given. This document also defines hardness limits for Addresses stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in carbon steel equipment used
the base material and welds in order to avoid cracking failures due to wet in distribution, transportation, storage, and blending of denatured fuel
sulfide stress corrosion cracking or due to other possible failure ethanol. API, with assistance from the Renewable Fuels Association (RFA),
mechanisms. A discussion of both proper and improper refinery service conducted research on the potential for metal cracking and product leakage
applications for these steels is also provided Pages: 40 in certain portions of the fuel ethanol distribution system. TR 939-D contains
1st Edition | June 2008 | Product Number: C938B01 | Price: $105.00 a review of existing literature, results of an industry survey on cracking events
and corrosion field monitoring, information on mitigation and prevention
Pages: 172
TR 938-C 
Use of Duplex Stainless Steels in the Oil Refining Industry 2nd Edition | May 2007 | Product Number: C939D0 | Price: $155.00
The economical combination of strength and corrosion resistance of duplex Bull 939-E
stainless steels (DSSs) has enabled their increasing use in the refining
industry. DSS most commonly used today are classified under new grades Identification, Repair, and Mitigation of Cracking of Steel Equipment
and have led to improved welding practices. Covers potential environmental- in Fuel Ethanol Service
related failure mechanisms and preventative measures to avoid them; typical Usage of fuel ethanol as an oxygenate additive in gasoline blends is increasing
material and fabrication specification requirements used by refiners; and both in the United States and internationally. This document discusses stress
examples of applications of DSS within refineries. The report also lists the corrosion cracking (SCC) of carbon steel tanks, piping and equipment exposed
chemistries and UNS numbers of various common DSS, including some first to fuel ethanol as a consequence of being in the distribution system, at
generation DSS for comparison. Pages: 44 ethanol distribution facilities, or end user facilities where the fuel ethanol is
2nd Edition | April 2011 | Product Number: C938C02 | Price: $158.00 eventually added to gasoline. Such equipment includes but is not limited to
the following:
TR 939-A • storage tanks,
Research Report on Characterization and Monitoring of Cracking in • piping and related handling equipment, and
Wet H2S Service • pipelines that are used in distribution, handling, storage and blending of
fuel ethanol.
Demonstrates the ability to characterize and monitor various aspects of
crack propagation in pressurized process equipment exposed to wet However, data for pipelines in ethanol service is limited and caution should
hydrogen sulfide environments. It represents one of several significant be used when applying guidelines from this document which have been
industry-wide efforts to study and to better understand this phenomenon. derived mainly from applications involving piping and tanks in ethanol
Pages: 136 storage and blending facilities. SCC of other metals and alloys is beyond the
scope of this document as is the corrosion of steel in this service. Pages: 37
1st Edition | November 2008 | Product Number: C939E01 | Price: $136.00
Publ 939-B
Repair and Remediation Strategies for Equipment Operating in Wet RP 941
H2S Service Steels for Hydrogen Service at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures
in Petroleum Refineries and Petrochemical Plants
Presents data relative to the fabrication requirements for 2-1/4 3Cr alloy
steel heavy wall pressure vessels for high temperature, high pressure Summarizes the results of experimental tests and actual data acquired from
hydrogen services. It summarizes the results of industry experience, operating plants to establish practical operating limits for carbon and low
experimentation, and testing conducted by independent manufacturers, alloy steels in hydrogen service at elevated temperatures and pressures. The
fabricators, and users of heavy wall pressure vessels. This RP applies to effects on the resistance of steels to hydrogen at elevated temperature and
equipment in refineries, petrochemical, and chemical facilities in which pressure that result from high stress, heat treating, chemical composition,
hydrogen or hydrogen containing fluids are processed at elevated and cladding are discussed. This RP does not address the resistance of
temperature and pressure. Pages: 236 steels to hydrogen at lower temperatures [below about 400 °F (204 °C)],
where atomic hydrogen enters the steel as a result of an electrochemical
1st Edition | June 2002 | Product Number: C939B0 | Price: $166.00 mechanism. This RP applies to equipment in refineries, petrochemical
facilities, and chemical facilities in which hydrogen or hydrogencontaining
RP 939-C fluids are processed at elevated temperature and pressure. The guidelines in
Guidelines for Avoiding Sulfidation (Sulfidic) Corrosion Failures in Oil this RP can also be applied to hydrogenation plants such as those that
Refineries manufacture ammonia, methanol, edible oils, and higher alcohols. Pages: 32
Applicable to hydrocarbon process streams containing sulfur compounds, 7th Edition | August 2008 | Product Number: C94107 | Price: $121.00
with and without the presence of hydrogen, which operate at temperatures
above approximately 450 °F (230 °C) up to about 1000 °F (540 °C). A TR 941
threshold limit for sulfur content is not provided because within the past The Technical Basis Document for API RP 941
decade significant corrosion has occurred in the reboiler/fractionator Even before the 1st Edition of API Publ 941, Steels for Hydrogen Service at
sections of some hydroprocessing units at sulfur or H2S levels as low as 1 Elevated Temperatures and Pressures in Petroleum Refineries and
ppm. Nickel base alloy corrosion is excluded from the scope of this Petrochemical Plants appeared in 1970, there had been fundamental
document. While sulfidation can be a problem in some sulfur recovery units, questions regarding the technical basis for the materials performance curves
sulfur plant combustion sections and external corrosion of heater tubes due contained in the document (1-6). Based upon sparse laboratory data
to firing sulfur containing fuels in heaters are specifically excluded from the combined with plant experience, with only a few exceptions, the curves have
scope of this document. Pages: 35 done an exceptionally good job at safely directing the refining industry in
1st Edition | May 2009 | Product Number: C939C01 | Price: $110.00 selecting materials based upon operating temperature, hydrogen partial
pressure, and the metallurgy of the equipment being considered. Pages: 301
1st Edition | September 2008 | Product Number: C09410 | Price: $192.00


Refining

RP 945 Appendix A may be purchased separately as an electronic database file. The
Avoiding Environmental Cracking in Amine Units database synopsis’ and bibliographic information for all articles reviewed for
the project. The report is organized by article index numbers. Reference
Discusses environmental cracking problems of carbon steel equipment in numbers cited in this report refer to the article index number.
amine units. This publication provides guidelines for carbon steel
construction materials, including, fabrication, inspection, and repair, to help January 2003 | Executive Summary | Price: $63.00
assure safe and reliable operation. The steels referred to in this document Appendix A—Literature Review | Price $123.00
are defined by the ASTM designation system, or equivalent materials
contained in other recognized codes or standards. This document is based PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AND PETROLEUM
on current engineering practices and insights from recent industry PRODUCT SURVEYS
experience. Pages: 25
3rd Edition | June 2003 | Reaffirmed: April 2008 Publ 4261
Product Number: C94503 | Price: $98.00 Alcohols and Ethers: A Technical Assessment of Their Application as
Fuels and Fuel Components
Publ 946
Summarizes information from the technical literature on producing and
The Effect of Outgassing Cycles on the Hydrogen Content in applying alcohols and ethers as fuels and fuel components for the
Petrochemical Reactor-Vessel Steels transportation sector. It assesses the technical advantages and
1st Edition | January 1981 | Product Number: D90600 disadvantages of alcohols and ethers with respect to hydrocarbon fuels.
Since the amendment of the Clean Air Act in 1977, and subsequently in
TR 950 1990, public interest in the role of oxygenates in transportation has
significantly increased. This edition of Publ 4261 has been updated and
Survey of Construction Materials and Corrosion in Sour Water expanded to include a review of the oxygenate regulations and the technical
Strippers—1978 literature that has been published since 1988. It provides a technical
1st Edition | January 1983 assessment suitable for policy discussions related to alcohols and ethers in
transportation. Pages: 119
Publ 959 3rd Edition | June 2001 | Product Number: C42613 | Price: $157.00
Characterization Study of Temper Embrittlement of Chromium-
Molybdenum Steels Publ 4262
1st Edition | January 1982 | Product Number: C95900 | Price: $152.00 Methanol Vehicle Emissions
December 1990 | Product Number: F42620 | Price: $121.00
API Coke Drum Survey 1996
Final Report API/NPRA Survey
In 1996 a survey was sent by the API Subcommittee on Inspection; Coke Final Report: 1996 API/NPRA Survey of Refining Operations and
Drum Task Group, to companies operating coke drums in the United States Product Quality
and abroad. This was the third survey of similar nature conducted by API.
Fifty-four surveys were returned representing 17 operating companies and a A survey of industry refining data for the period May 1 through August 31,
total of 145 drums. The purpose of the survey was to collect data covering a 1996. The report includes information on domestically produced gasoline
broad range of issues including: 1. General Information 2. Design 3. and diesel product quality as well as aggregate domestic refining capacity
Operating Information 4. Inspection Practices 5. Deterioration Experience 6. and average operating data. Pages: 190
Repair Procedures Three of the six areas, Operation Information, Inspection 1st Edition | July 1997 | Product Number: F10001 | Price: $63.00
Practices and Deterioration Experience were not covered in previous industry Aviation Turbines Fuels, 2001 | Price: $90.00
surveys. Additionally, this survey requested more detailed information than Heating Oils, 2002 | Price: $100.00
previous surveys. Pages: 61 Motor Gasolines, Winter 2001–2002 | Price: $120.00
October 2003 | Product Number: C096C1 | Price: $119.00 Motor Gasolines, Summer 2001 | Price: $120.00
Diesel Fuel Oils, 2002 | Price: $100.00
Impact of Gasoline Blended With Ethanol on the Long-Term Magnetic computer tapes of raw data are available upon request. Reports
Structural Integrity of Liquid Petroleum Storage Systems and from previous years are also available.
Components Order these petroleum product surveys from:
Summarizes the results of a literature review conducted for API on the TRW Petroleum Technologies
impact of gasoline blended with ethanol on the long-term structural integrity P.O. Box 2543 | Bartlesville, OK 74005
of liquid petroleum storage systems and components. It is anticipated that Attn: Cheryl Dickenson
the use of ethanol in motor fuels will continue to increase. This has 918-338-4419
generated interest about the potential long-term structural effects of ethanol
on liquid petroleum storage systems, including underground storage tanks PROCESS SAFETY STANDARDS
(USTs), underground piping, and associated components. The objective of
the literature review is to determine the state of industry knowledge and
research on the effects of ethanol /gasoline blends on the long-term RP 752
structural integrity of UST systems and components. This review is intended Management of Hazards Associated With Location of Process Plant
to assist decision-makers on further research requirements and needed Buildings
changes or supplements to existing standards for underground storage Provides guidance for managing the risk from explosions, fires and toxic
system components used for storing and dispensing gasoline blended with material releases to on-site personnel located in new and existing buildings
ethanol. intended for occupancy. This RP was developed for use at refineries,
petrochemical and chemical operations, natural gas liquids extraction
plants, natural gas liquefaction plants, and other onshore facilities covered
by the OSHA Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals,
29 CFR 1910.119.


Refining

Buildings covered by this RP are rigid structures intended for permanent use The document was developed for the refining and petrochemical industries,
in fixed locations. Tents, fabric enclosures and other soft-sided structures are but may also be applicable to other industries with operating systems and
outside the scope of this document. processes where loss of containment has the potential to cause harm.
Significant research and development of technology pertinent to building Applicability is not limited to those facilities covered by the OSHA Process
siting evaluations has been performed since the publication of the previous Safety Management Standard, 29 CFR 1910.119 or similar national and
editions of RP 752. Examples of updated technology include prediction of international regulations. Pages: 39
blast damage to buildings, determination of occupant vulnerabilities, and 1st Edition | April 2010 | Product Number: K75401 | Price: $105.00
estimates of event frequencies. Prior versions of RP 752 and the technical You may access RP 754 in a read-only platform: publications.api.org
data included in them should not be used for building siting evaluations.
This edition of RP 752 does not cover portable buildings. Portable buildings RP 755
are now covered by RP 753. It is recognized, however, that portable buildings Fatigue Prevention Guidelines for the Refining and Petrochemical
specifically designed for significant blast load represent a potential area of Industries
overlap between RPs 753 and 752. In accordance with 1.3 of this
document: As a result of the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB)
“Buildings described in API RP 753, Management of Hazards investigation of the 2005 BP Texas City incident, the CSB issued several
Associated with Location of Process Plant Portable Buildings, First recommendations including the development of an American National
Edition, June 2007, as ‘portable buildings specifically designed to Standards Institute (ANSI) Standard that develops Fatigue prevention
resist significant blast loads’ and intended for permanent use in a guidelines for the refining and petrochemical industries that, at a minimum,
fixed location are covered in this document (API RP 752). All other limit hours and days of work and address shift work.
portable buildings are covered by API RP 753.” Pages: 27 RP 755 provides guidance to all stakeholders (e.g. employees, managers,
3rd Edition | December 2009| Product Number: K75203 | Price: $136.00 supervisors) on understanding, recognizing and managing fatigue in the
workplace. Owners and operators should establish policies and procedures
You may access RP 752 in a read-only platform: publications.api.org to meet the purpose of RP .
RP 753 This document was developed for refineries, petrochemical and chemical
operations, natural gas liquefaction plants, and other facilities such as those
Management of Hazards Associated With Location of Process Plant covered by the OSHA Process Safety Management Standard, 29 CFR
Portable Buildings 1910.119. This document is intended to apply to a workforce that is
Provides guidance for reducing the risk to personnel located in portable commuting daily to a job location.
buildings from potential explosion, fire and toxic release hazards. While RP 755 applies to all employees working night shifts, rotating shifts,
occupied permanent buildings (e.g. control rooms, operator shelters) extended hours/days or call outs involved in process safety sensitive actions.
located near covered process area are typically constructed to be blast and It should also be considered for others making process safety-sensitive
fire resistant, conventional portable buildings (i.e. light wood trailers) are decisions. On-site contractors involved in process safety sensitive actions
typically not constructed to be blast and fire resistant. Past explosion shall have fatigue risk management systems equivalent to the criteria
accidents have demonstrated that occupants of conventional portable outlined in this document. Pages: 11
buildings are susceptible to injuries from structural failures, building 1st Edition | April 2010 | Product Number: K75501 | Price: $80.00
collapse, and building debris and projectiles. You may access RP 755 in a read-only platform: publications.api.org
Guidance is provided based on the following principles:
• Locate personnel away from covered process areas consistent with safe TR 755-1
and effective operations. Technical Support Document for ANSI/API RP 755, Fatigue Risk
• Minimize the use of occupied portable buildings in close proximity to cov- Management Systems for Personnel in the Refining and
ered process areas.
Petrochemical Industries
• Manage the occupancy of portable building especially during periods of
increased risk including unit start up or planned shutdown operations. Identifies and explains the scientific and operational issues considered
• Design, construct, install, and maintain occupied portable buildings to during the preparation of RP 755. By providing the reasoning behind the
protect occupants against potential hazards. specific wording in the RP 755 document, this document supports each key
statement in RP 755 in sequence so that it can be used in parallel with the
• Manage the use of portable buildings as an integral part of the design, RP 755 text. To make this document accessible and manageable, key
construction and maintenance operation of a facility. Pages: 22 scientific sources and references are provided to help readers gain access to
1st Edition | June 2007 | Product Number: K75301 | Price: $136.00 the scientific literature.
You may access RP 753 in a read-only platform: publications.api.org Fatigue Risk Management Systems (FRMS) have emerged and been widely
recognized as a more effective approach to managing and mitigating
RP 754 employee fatigue risk in the 24/7 workplace. The core feature of the FRMS is
Process Safety Performance Indicators for the Refining and that it is a data-driven, risk-informed, safety performance-based system. The
Petrochemical Industries FRMS implementation process first identifies all sources of fatigue risk in the
business operation, then introduces mitigating policies, technologies, and
As a result of the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) procedures to reduce the risk, and most importantly then maintains them in
investigation of the 2005 BP Texas City incident, the CSB issued several a proactively-managed continuous improvement system. The history of
recommendations including the development of an American National FRMS was recently summarized.
Standards Institute (ANSI) Standard that creates performance indicators for This method represents a significant step change from the traditional
process safety in the refinery and petrochemical industries. Ensure that the approaches of either relying on maximum limits to hours of work or minimum
Standard identifies leading and lagging indicators for nationwide public limits to hours of rest (variously called Hours of Service, Work-Rest Rules,
reporting as well as indicators for use at individual facilities. Include methods Working Time Directives), or adopting intermittent or piece-meal solutions
for the development and use of the performance indicators. (e.g. a fatigue training program or a shift schedule redesign), depending on
RP 754 identifies leading and lagging process safety indicators that are the interests and initiative of local site managers.
useful for driving performance improvement. The indicators are divided into
four tiers that represent a leading and lagging continuum. Tier 1 is the most
lagging and Tier 4 is the most leading. Tiers 1 and 2 are suitable for
nationwide public reporting and Tiers 3 and 4 are intended for internal use
at individual sites.


Refining

One essential feature of FRMS is that it is a system meant to be improved HEALTH, ENVIRONMENT, AND SAFETY: AIR
upon on a regular and continuous basis. It is not a set of guidelines
designed for one-time compliance, but instead provides a framework that Publ 337
will evolve over time, driven by the collection of data on fatigue risk and Development of Emission Factors for Leaks in Refinery Components
fatigue outcomes (e.g. fatigue-related incidents). Pages: 49
in Heavy Liquid Service
1st Edition | April 2010 | Product Number: K755101 | Price: $100.00
Estimating air pollutants from stationary sources is necessary for compiling
emission inventories, determining emission fees, and meeting the conditions
PROCESS SAFETY—TRAINING COURSES of various permits and compliances. This report provides revised emission
factors applicable to refinery components in heavy liquid (HL) service, which
API RP 752 and 753: Facility Siting Regulations and Compliance were based on extensive field measurements. It also provides data analyses
www.api.org/apiucalendar to determine whether the type of distillate or residual hydrocarbon in the
This course is a management-level overview and addresses the regulatory stream would influence the emission factors. Pages: 68
requirements for facility siting, a review of RP 752 and RP 753, and an August 1996 | Product Number: J33700 | Price: $71.00
overview of the methods to satisfy the requirements. Anyone managing,
performing, or reviewing facility siting needs should attend. HEALTH, ENVIRONMENT, AND SAFETY: WATER
Facility Siting Update: Process Plant Building Hazard Management Publ 958
www.api.org/apiucalendar Pilot Studies on the Toxicity of Effluents From Conventional and
Learn what you need to do to respond to the new recommended practice on Carbon Enhanced Treatment of Refinery Wastewater—Phase III
Location of Process Plant Portable Buildings. Learn what issues are being January 1981
addressed in revising RP 752 and what you will need to prepare for in
response. The first day is a management overview; the second day is a more
technical course designed for the process safety professional who is HEALTH, ENVIRONMENT AND SAFETY:
performing facility siting studies and requires each student to bring a SOIL AND GROUNDWATER
calculator.
Publ 422
Facility Siting Consequence Analysis Techniques Groundwater Protection Programs for Petroleum Refining and
www.api.org/apiucalendar Storage Facilities: A Guidance Document
This course is a continuation of the API RP 752 and 753: Facility Siting Reflects continuing industry action and commitment to positively address
Regulations and Compliance course and is designed for the process safety groundwater protection by developing and implementing individual
professional performing facility siting studies. Topics covered will include a groundwater protection plans. Provides additional guidance to help
review of common methodologies to calculate blast loads and building petroleum facilities identify the types of issues that may need to be
damage for a facility siting study for both permanent and portable buildings. addressed in a groundwater protection plan. Intended to help refineries,
A significant portion of the course will be spent performing example terminals associated with transportation pipelines, product distribution
calculations. Note: each student will need to bring a calculator. terminals, and other downstream petroleum storage units develop
groundwater protection plans that are tailored to their individual
HEALTH, ENVIRONMENT, AND SAFETY circumstances. Pages: 9
Cumulative Impact of Environmental Regulations on the U.S.
Petroleum Refining, Transportation and Marketing Industries Publ 4760
1st Edition | Product Number: C00015 | available at www.api.org LNAPL Distribution and Recovery Model (LDRM)
The API LNAPL Distribution and Recovery Model (LDRM) simulate the
RP 751 performance proven hydraulic technologies for recovering free-product
Safe Operation of Hydrofluoric Acid Alkylation Units petroleum liquid releases to groundwater. The LDRM provides information
Provides guidance to refiners on the safe operations of hydrofluoric acid (HF) about LNAPL distribution in porous media and allows the user to estimate
alkylation units. Areas specifically covered in the document include hazards LNAPL recovery rates, volumes and times. Documentation for the LDRM is
management, operating procedures, worker protection, materials & new provided in 2 volumes. Volume 1—Distribution for the LDRM is porous media
construction, inspection and maintenance of HF units, transportation, documents the LDRM and provides background information necessary to
inventory control, relief and utility systems and mitigation options. Provides characterize the behavior of LNAPL in porous media with regard to
additional information on elements of a comprehensive HF audit, HF performance of LNAPL liquid recovery technologies. Volume 2—User and
exposure limits, corrosion & materials considerations specific to HF Parameter Selection Guide provides step-by-step instructions for LDRM
alkylation units, examples of tasks for each type of clothing class and software. Four example problem applications are presented witch highlight
procedures for unloading acid tank trucks & design features of an acid-truck model use, parameter estimation using the API LNAPL Parameters database,
unloading station. Refiners with HF alkylation units will find this document and limitations of scenario-based models
very helpful when performing a Process Hazards Analysis for compliance with January 2007 | Software and documentation can be downloaded from
OSHA Process Safety Management regulations. Pages: 46 API’s website: goundwater.api.org/lnapl
3rd Edition | June 2007 | Product Number: C75103 | Price: $136.00
You may access RP 751 in a read-only platform: publications.api.org Publ 800
Literature Survey: Subsurface and Groundwater Protection Related to
Petroleum Refinery Operations
This report is the principal product of an API-sponsored project to prepare a
background basis for the development of further information on subsurface
and groundwater protection at refineries. It contains an explanation of how
the literature survey was conducted; annotations for pertinent articles; a


Refining

discussion of applicable federal statutes and regulations; and annotations
for pertinent regulatory programs under the 5 principal statutes that apply to
refinery operations.
1st Edition | September 1988 | Product Number: C80000 | Price: $89.00

SECURITY
API Standard for Third Party Network Connectivity
Provides guidance for implementing secure third-party connections between
the information technology systems and network of two companies that have
a business relations and a common objective.
The standard will provide suggestions for companies to establish third-party
network connections while protecting their individual systems and data from
unauthorized access or manipulation. Pages: 36
1st Edition | November 2007 | Product Number: TSTP01 | Price: $87.00

Security Guidance for the Petroleum Industry
API’s 2nd Edition of this document is now in use at oil and gas facilities
around the world to help managers decide how to deter terrorist attacks.
Covering all segments of the industry (production, refining, transportation,
pipeline, and marketing), this guidance builds on the existing solid
foundation of design and operational regulations, standards, and
recommended practices, which relate to facility design and safety,
environmental protection, emergency response, and protection from theft
and vandalism. Produced in close collaboration with the U.S. Department of
Homeland Security and other federal agencies, these guidelines, viewed as a
living document, are broadly applicable to facility security in light of
September 11, 2001 and provide the starting point for developing security
plans at oil and natural gas facilities and operations. Pages: 169
3rd Edition | April 2005| Product Number: OS0001 | Price: $185.00
You may access this document in a read-only platform: publications.api.org

Security Vulnerability Assessment Methodology for the Petroleum
and Petrochemical Industries
API and the National Petrochemical & Refiners Association jointly developed
a new methodology for evaluating the likelihood and consequences of
terrorist attacks against refineries and petrochemical facilities. This
document is designed for companies to use in assessing vulnerabilities and
potential damages from different kinds of terrorist attacks. In the post
September 11 era, companies have reevaluated and enhanced security at
their facilities. The methodology will provide officials with a new analytical
tool to determine “the likelihood of an adversary successfully exploiting
vulnerability and the resulting degree of damage or impact.” This vulnerability
assessment methodology was produced in close collaboration with the U.S.
Department of Homeland Security and other federal agencies. Pages: 155
October 2004 | Product Number: OSVA02 | Price: $185.00
You may access this in a read-only platform: publications.api.org

SECURITY—TRAINING COURSES
Workshop on Industry Security Vulnerability Assessments (SVAs)
API presents the leading SVA training for the petroleum, petrochemical and
chemical industries. The objective of an SVA is to identify security hazards,
threats and vulnerabilities facing a facility and to evaluate the
countermeasures to provide for the protection of the public, workers, national
interests, the environment, and the company.

Workshop on USCG Regulations for Facility Security Officers (FSOs)
Learn about the requirements for FSOs released in the U.S. Coast Guard
(USCG) Final Rule: Part 105, Subpart B. Course materials include a
reference CD of over 30 helpful related documents including the regulation,
Navigation and Vessel Inspection Circulars (NVICs), API’s Security
Vulnerability Assessment Methodology for the Petroleum and Petrochemical
Industries, and numerous U.S. Department of Homeland Security bulletins.


11 refining

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