11901621030_Digital control System_Priyashree Nandi.pdf
- 1. SILIGURI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Presented by Name Roll : Department : Semester : 6th SEMESTER Presentation on : Digital Controller Course Name: Digital Control System Course Code :PE–EE-601A PRIYASHREE NANDI 11901621030 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
- 2. Topics Introduction What is a Digital Controller? Where is Digital Controller used? How does Digital Controller work? Disadvantages of Digital Controller Conclusion Advantages of Digital Controller Example of Digital Controller References
- 3. Introduction A central digital central digital controller receives a signal from a phase/magnitude discriminator that measures the input impedance to the tuning/matching box, and sends that information to the central digital controller, which in turn provides control signals to the tuning/matching box to keep the input impedance of the box at 50 Ω and zero phase angles a signal from a phase/magnitude discriminator that measures the input impedance to the tuning/matching box, and sends that A central digital controller receives a signal from a phase/magnitude discriminator that measures the input impedance to the tuning/matching box, and sends that information to the central digital controller, which in turn provides control signals to the tuning/matching box to keep the input impedance of the box at 50 Ω and zero phase angle. Control panels are essential elements of any electrical device. Control panels are especially important on HVAC devices and heater elements. They enable you to control the temperature, voltage, and pressure more easily for a smoother operation of the device.
- 4. What is a Digital Controller? A digital controller is a small digital unit that acts as a system controller. Depending on the controlling requirement, a digital controller can take the form of a desktop computer or it can be as small as a micro controller. The Laplace transform is replaced by Z-transform in the digital controller wherein a discrete time signal in the form of a sequence of complex or real numbers is converted into a complex frequency domain representation.
- 5. Where is digital controller used? A digital controller is a system used for controlling closed-loop feedback systems . The controller implements algebraic algorithms such as filters and compensatory to regulate, correct, or change the behavior of the controlled system. Digital controllers are mostly used as a feedback system.
- 6. ❑ COMPONENTS OF DIGITAL CONTROLLER: A typical digital controller has the following components: · A/D Conversion – Analog inputs are converted into a digital format. · D/A Conversion – Digital outputs are converted into analog inputs for the device. · A program relating the outputs and inputs. How does a digital controller work? It measured the actual state of the device and compares it with the target state. The control system ,then , takes the appropriate action to stop or allow the heating process . When the temperature gets lower than the specified value ,the digital controller activates the heating system.
- 7. ➢ It gives better resolution . Advantages of Digital Controller ➢ Coding of digital signal and digital communication: The entry of digital control to the industrial scenario was chiefly through the big process industries like steel mills, chemical, fertilizer and cement industries because of the cost advantage. ➢ Time sharing: One communication channel may be used to transmit discrete control signal for more than one control systems. ➢ Control system with inherent sampling: Sampling is inherent in some applications, and it is necessary in other applications, it is desirable for still other applications. ➢ Digital computer implementation of sophisticated control law: Dedicated minicomputers and microprocessors can be used to implement sophisticated algorithms such as high-performance state variable manipulation, Kalman Filtering and Adaptive control. Advantages of Digital Controller :
- 8. ➢ System design: The mathematical analysis of a digital controller is sometimes more complex and more tedious as compared to continuous data control systems . Disadvantages of Digital Controller ➢ System stability: System stability is degraded by converting a continuous data system to digital system. Even a stable second order system can be unstable when converted to discrete version. ➢ Loss of signal information: The signal output from the digital controller is to be converted to analog form before applying to the actuators. However, the reconstruction of digital to analog signal using hold circuits is only an approximation of the actual signal. So, some signal information is lost in the process. ➢ Controller dynamic update: Analog to Digital (A/D) and Digital to Analog (D/A) converters along with digital computer introduce some time delay. ➢ Software errors: The complexity of the controller is in the software implemented algorithms, which may contain errors Disadvantages of Digital Controller :
- 9. Digital controllers in an industrial heating solution enable you to control the heat and temperature of the device conveniently. Heat transfer is efficiently and stably maintained so that overheating issues can be prevented. Not only do digital controllers regulate heat, they put safety mechanisms in place. A sensor device is installed in the process heater. It measures the actual state of the device and compares it with the target state. The control system, then, takes the appropriate action to stop or allow the heating process. When the temperature gets lower than the specified value, the digital controller activates the heating system. When the temperature reaches the threshold level, the heating process is automatically stopped. The controller has a digital display which provides a clear view of the state of the device. The sensor, installed inside the heater, monitors the temperature of the device while the digital display shows the information in Celsius or Fahrenheit values. ❑ Digital Controllers in Heaters : Example of Digital Controller :
- 10. Conclusion Digital controllers have become popular in recent times as they are inexpensive. A small micro controller can be purchased for only $5. Digital controllers offer the flexibility to configure them easily using software. You can change the parameters and scale the performance of the device. In addition, digital controllers are less susceptible to environmental impact when compared with analog controllers.
- 11. References ❖ https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/digital-controller ❖ https://www.wattco.com/casestudy/what-is-a-digital-controller/ ❖ https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wattco.com%2Fwp- content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F04%2Fimage_upload_25.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wattco.com%2Fca sestudy%2Fadvantages-and-limitations-of-digital-control-panels-for- industries%2F&tbnid=6WjvAa5HYJvJtM&vet=1&docid=ujzZCOTNOla8rM&w=1341&h=1562&hl=en- US&source=sh%2Fx%2Fim ❖ https://images.app.goo.gl/AYBcQR9xyq4p7tNa8