11th-lecture-Eco-Cities-City-planning.ppt
- 1. ARCH 322 PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING I October 12, 2023 Soma A. Kareem Soma Abdulsalam Kareem
- 2. Eco Cities
- 3. What is an ecocity ? An eco-city is a city built off the principles of living within the means of the environment. The ultimate goal of many eco-cities is to eliminate all carbon waste, to produce energy entirely through renewable sources, and to incorporate the environment into the city; however, eco-cities also have the intentions of stimulating economic growth, reducing poverty, organizing cities to have higher population densities, and therefore higher efficiency, and improving health.
- 4. WHAT IS AN ECO CITY ? An eco-city is a city built off the principles of living within the means of the environment. The ultimate goal of many eco-cities is to eliminate all carbon waste, to produce energy entirely through renewable sources, and to incorporate the environment into the city; however, eco-cities also have the intentions of stimulating economic growth, reducing poverty, organizing cities to have higher population densities, and therefore higher efficiency, and improving health. The concept of Eco-City has a balanced relationship between the urban (city) and the rural (countryside).
- 5. The concept of the “eco-city” was born out of one of the first organizations focused on eco- city development, “Urban Ecology.” The group was founded by RICHARD REGISTER in Berkeley, California in 1975, and was founded with the idea of reconstructing cities to be in balance with nature. They worked to plant trees along the main streets, built solar greenhouses, and worked within the Berkeley legal system to pass environmentally friendly policies and encourage public transportation. Urban Ecology then took the movement another step further with the creation of The Urban Ecologist, a journal they started publishing in 1987. WHO GAVE THE CONCEPT ?
- 6. THE IDEAL ECO CITY • an urban ecosystem which is ecologically sound minimizing the negative impact of development on the environment. • Reduction of ecological footprint , waste management and its utilization. • Achieving environmental sustainability through reduced greenhouse gas emissions, utilization of renewable energy, and green transportation. • Creation of a vibrant economy through environment-friendly production and industry that supports high capita gross domestic product (GDP) level • Maintaining high air and water quality standards and an above-average ratio of green space per capita • rain water harvesting systems, least usage of fossil fuels • Protection of ecologically sensitive habitats, physical and nonphysical cultural legacies and promotion of green lifestyles and regional integration. The Ideal Eco City is a city that fulfils the following criteria:
- 7. OBJECTIVE To make everyone understand the following aspects: • What is an eco-green city? • Why is it important? • How can we achieve this? • How to build it through architecture, transportation and strategic plans? • Examples all around the world.
- 8. OBJECTIVE An eco-city also known as sustainable city. Designed - environmental impact, inhabited by people and dedicated to: • minimize required inputs of energy, • water and food, and waste output of heat, air pollution - CO2, methane, and water pollution.
- 10. • It is a process of growing and distributing food, as well as raising animals, in and around a city. • This method of food cultivation saves energy in food transportation and saves costs. • Urban Farming
- 11. To make it successful - cities must allot a common area for community gardens or farms. • As well as a common area for a farmer’s market in which the foodstuffs grown within the city which can be sold to the residents of the urban system.
- 13. • LEED, or Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, is an internationally recognized green building certification system. • In order for a building to become LEED, certified sustainability needs to be prioritized in design construction and use.
- 14. Its Recognition includes: • Sustainable sites • Water efficiency • Energy & atmosphere • Materials & resources • Indoor environmental quality • Locations & linkages • Awareness & education • Innovation in design
- 15. Sustainable transportation attempts to reduce a use of greenhouse emitting gases by: • Eco friendly urban planning, low environmental impact vehicles, • to create an urban center that has greater environmental responsibility and social equity.
- 16. Car free plan in Seine, Paris
- 17. • Currently, transportation systems account for nearly a quarter of the world’s energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission. • So there are two major solution for this problem to make a city healthy and productive.
- 18. Emphasis on Proximity • This requires cities be built at landmark density so that destinations are reached. • This reduces time in transit, reduces fuel expenditure & also choosing other alternative transports like walking.
- 19. • Implementing sustainable transportation must include access to transportation by all levels of society. • For this we need to make public transportation more accessible and cheap. • By this economic and social conditions are developed.
- 21. • Different agricultural systems - agricultural plots within the city – reduces distance. • Renewable energy sources - wind turbines, solar panels, or bio- gas created from sewage. Practical Achievement
- 22. Methods to reduce air conditioning - planting trees and lightening surface colors, natural ventilation systems, an increase in water features, and green spaces equal to at least 20% of the city's surface. Practical Achievement
- 23. • Transportation planning- Improved public transport and an increase in pedestrian routes to reduce car emissions - requires a radically different approach to city planning. Practical Achievement
- 24. • Optimal building density - make public transport sustainable - avoid the creation of urban heat islands. • Green roofs • Zero-emission transport • Zero-energy building Practical Achievement
- 25. Urban Heat Islands. • An urban heat island (UHI) is an urban area or metropolitan area that is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities. • The temperature difference is usually larger at night than during the day, and is most apparent when winds are weak. UHI is most noticeable during the summer and winter. • The main cause of the urban heat island effect is from the modification of land surfaces. Waste heat generated by energy usage is a secondary contributor. As a population center grows, it tends to expand its area and increase its average temperature. The less-used term heat island refers to any area, populated or not, which is consistently hotter than the surrounding area.
- 26. Green roofs in Hong Kong
- 27. Masdar City in Abu Dahbi
- 28. Design for a 180 meter tall tower in Paris
- 29. Singapore
- 30. ARCHITECTURE • Eco industrial park • Urban farming • Walkable urbanism • Individual buildings • Urban infill
- 32. Industrial park in Michigan built by Phoenix Designs that is made almost entirely from recycled materials.
- 33. • This helps – as native trees, grasses, and flowers, and the landscaping design will act as climate shelter for the facility. • They are using from one plant to another • Steam connections from firms provide heating for homes in that area •
- 34. •Using renewable energy such as wind and solar power. •Creating more efficient water flows. •
- 35. Major Eco-cities around the world AUSTRALIA Melbourne, City of Moreland The City of Moreland in Melbourne's north, has programs for becoming carbon neutral amongst other existing sustainable implementations and proposals. City of Melbourne Over the past 10 years, various methods of improving public transport have been implemented, car free zones and entire streets have also been implemented. CHINA Dongtan, a planned city was intended to be an eco-city. Huangbaiyu (currently in construction) Rizhao (which currently mandates use of solar power for heating water) parts of districts in Shanghai that are working on green development. China is working with investment and technology supplied by the Singapore government to build an eco-city in the Coastal New District of Tianjin City in northern China, named the Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city.
- 36. GERMANY No other country has built more eco-city projects than Germany. Freiburg im Breisgau is often referred to as green city. It is one of the few cities with a green mayor and is known for its strong solar economy. Vauban, Freiburg is a sustainable model district. All houses are built to a low energy consumption standard and the whole district is designed to be car-free INDIA Gujarat International Finance Tec-City or GIFT. An under-construction world-class city in the Indian state of Gujarat. It will come up on 500 acres (2.0 km2) land. It will also be first of its kind fully Sustainable City. Manimekala Hightec Eco city Projected in Karaikal, India. An area of 5 km2. It will be first of kind in South India.
- 37. SWEDEN Gothenburg and especially Alvstaden (central city by the river Göta Älv) are good examples of sustainable city in Sweden. They have low environmental impact, contain passive houses, good recycling system for waste, etc. Hammarby Sjostad, Stockholm is also a good example. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Masdar City This city is located in Abu Dhabi in the growing Middle East. It is a zero-carbon, zero-waste city that is fully sustainable and only 11 miles in size. And, there are several more eco cities in the world like these. The way things are going on in the environment, ecocities are the FUTURE for SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT.
- 38. Thank you for your attention…