1.2. david vale
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The document analyzes travel patterns of individuals commuting to various campuses of the University of Lisbon, focusing on walking and cycling behaviors. It highlights the influence of employment status and campus location on travel time, distance, and modes of transport utilized by students, professors, and staff. Recommendations are provided to enhance multimodal accessibility and reduce travel times, emphasizing the need for targeted policies for different demographic groups.
1.2. david vale
- 1. Looking at destinations to explain walking and cycling: the case of the multiple locations of the University of Lisbon David S. Vale Mauro Pereira Cláudia M. Viana dvale@fa.ulisboa.pt
- 2. Built Environment and Travel BUILT ENVIRONMENT Density Intensity Diversity Land use mix Design Street Connectivity Routes Safety Aesthetics Topography Active Travel DEMOGRAPHICS Age Gender Income (..) Psicho-social Atitudes MOBILITY MANAGEMENT Parking availability Parking cost PT Supply (etc.) ACCESSIBILITY Origins Destinations Routes Several modes TRAVEL Travel mode Travel time Travel distance Travel frequency
- 3. The campuses of the University of Lisbon 3
- 4. The campuses of the University of Lisbon 4 POLO DA AJUDA ISEG IST
- 5. The University of Lisbon Travel Survey 5 Initial sample: 2037 Georeferenced: 1963 90.6% travel 3 or more times per week >> Final sample: 1767 individuals 1390 Students 100 PhD / Researchers 156 Professors 121 Staff
- 6. Travel patterns 6 Mean = 42.5 min StDev = 31.43 min Mean = 2.34 StDev = 1.38 18% 37% 66% TRAVEL TIME NUMBER OF TRAVEL STEPS TRAVEL DISTANCE 17% 1% 47%2% 26% 1% 0% 6% 0% Travel Mode Walk Bicycle Public Transport Car passenger Car driver Motorcycle Taxi PT + other motorized PT + bicycle
- 7. Travel patterns Alternative travel mode no alternative mode for: 59.4% Walkers 60.1% PT users 57.3% Car drivers PT is alternative mode for: 75.9% car passengers 35.4% Car drivers 7
- 8. 1) What’s the impact of the employment status? 8
- 9. TRAVEL TIME Employment Status Student 45.3 min Professor 26.2 min PhD / Researcher 34.2 min Staff 38.9 min Mean 42.5 min 9
- 10. Student 18% Walk 54% PT Professor 9% Walk 81.4% Car driver PhD / Researcher 16% Walk 41% PT 31% Car driver Staff 10% Walk 34% PT 46% Car driver TRAVEL MODE Employment Status Student Phd / Researcher Professor Staff 17% 1% 47%2% 26% 1% 0% 6% 0% Travel Mode Walk Bicycle Public Transport Car passenger Car driver Motorcycle Taxi PT + other motorized PT + bicycle 10
- 11. TRAVEL DISTANCE Employment Status Professor 20% up to 4 km 44% up to 7 km PhD / Researcher 23% up to 4 km 54% up to 7 km Staff 9% up to 4 km 30% up to 7 km Student 18% up to 4 km 36% up to 7 km 18% up to 4 km 37% up to 7 km 11
- 12. 2) What’s the impact of the location of the campus? 12
- 13. Cidade Universitária ISEG FMH Polo Ajuda IST ISA* FBA* * Only students TRAVEL TIME Campus ULisboaMean 42.5 min 13 44.7 44.1 40.6 28.7 27.5 44.6 47.3 Smaller Travel Time: IST (Center, Good PT accessibility) FMH (Periphery, Bad PT accessibility) >> Smaller travel distance? >> Mode change to reduce time?
- 14. TRAVEL DISTANCE Campus ULisboa Cidade Universitária ISEG FMH Polo Ajuda IST ISA* FBA* * Only students 18% up to 4 km 37% up to 7 km 14 16.0 34.9 11.5 34.6 24.1 38.6 43.8 65.0 23.1 30.0 16.2 27.0 14.3 46.4 Smaller Travel Distance: IST (Center, Good PT accessibility) Reduced number of walking distance residents: Polo da Ajuda (Periphery, Bad PT accessibility) >> Mode change to reduce time?
- 15. Location of residential place - Kernel density 15
- 16. Cidade Universitária ISEG FMH Polo Ajuda IST ISA* FBA* * Only students Location of residential place Kernel density By different campuses 16
- 17. TRAVEL MODE Campus ULisboa Cidade Universitária ISEG FMH Polo da Ajuda IST ISA* FBA* * Only students 17% 1% 47%2% 26% 1% 0% 6% 0% Travel Mode Walk Bicycle Public Transport Car passenger Car driver Motorcycle Taxi PT + other motorized PT + bicycle More car drivers: Polo da Ajuda + FMH More walkers: IST + ISEG More PT users: FBA 17
- 18. 3) What explains active travel commuting? Logistic model (Active Travel = 1) 5 campuses only (staff and student data: 1474 sample) 18
- 19. Independent Variables BUILT ENVIRONMENT (6) Density: Number of dwellings Number of residents Diversity: Number of POI Variety of POI types Design Pedestrian shed ratio Average Link Length FCA500metersnetwork ACCESSIBILITY (4) Has Metro < 500 m (01) Has Train < 800 m (01) Number of Stops FCA example 19 Walkability Index (z-score) Accessibility index (0-1 normalization) Free Parking (dummy) only for campus SOCIO-ECONOMIC (9) Gender Age (5 classes) Household size Number of years @Ulisboa Has a car (dummy) Has Drivers license (dummy) Buys PT monthly ticket (dummy) Has PT card (dummy)
- 20. Variable B S.E. Wald Sig. Exp(B) B S.E. Wald Sig. Exp(B) Constant 19.430 25530.882 .000 .999 274318991.255 3.369 .659 26.115 .000 29.040 Socio-economic SE_Car (Yes=1) -1.381 .732 3.556 .059 .251 -1.121 .256 19.105 .000 .326 SE_Passe (Yes=1) 1.213 .572 4.489 .034 3.363 Commuting distance Less than 1 km (reference) 6.944 .074 161.943 .000 1 to 4 km -22.447 25530.882 .000 .999 .000 -2.913 .622 21.934 .000 .054 4 to 8 km -22.100 25530.882 .000 .999 .000 -4.643 .634 53.594 .000 .010 more than 8 km -24.475 25530.882 .000 .999 .000 -5.778 .654 78.074 .000 .003 Built environment - home BEH_Walkability .732 .399 3.369 .066 2.080 .415 .133 9.751 .002 1.514 BEH_Accessibility Built environment - campus BEFac_Accessibility 4.692 1.815 6.681 .010 109.068 BEFac_FreeCarParking (Yes=1) R2 (Cox & Snell) .189 .248 R2 (Nagelkerke) .416 .432 Model c2 (df) 53.47 (7) 348.03 (5) Staff Student Logistic model (active travel=1)
- 21. Final remarks • Staff and students: different travel patterns – specific policies for different groups – small bicycle commuting overall • Staff: increase multimodal accessibility of campuses – Reveal possibility of choice • Students: decrease travel distance – Struggling with travel time, consequence of poor multimodal accessibility • Carrots and sticks package of tools required – Transform campuses into TODs, increasing their multimodal accessibility and integration in the city – Provision of student accommodation near campuses