14 A Image List Midterm Terminology Chronology
- 1. WORLD ARCHITECTURE: MID-TERM REVIEW Exam format: Part I: four five-minute identifications Identify, as far as possible, location (city and country or region; culture), architect and patron (if known), date (at least period date, e.g. c. 2500 B.C., 5th-4th cent. B.C.). Write a short comment on its character, position in the history of architecture (what “style” or movement, what influences it, what it influences, etc. ). If you don’t recognize it, treat it as an “unknown.” Part II Two ten minute unknowns. ARGUE for an identification of date, “school”, style… Based on analysis of form… And comparisons to the forms (plans, decoration, structures) of other buildings which you know. Part III Two ten minute comparison essays. Identify each building as well as you can, left and right, as in part I Then write a comparison essay about some issue elicited and in part illustrated by these two buildings. Often this will be the influence of one on the other, or they might be two contemporary but different modes. Don’t just describe one and then describe the other! You will almost certainly have to refer to other things not shown on the screen, like other buildings, parts of this building which are not visible in the images which are shown on the screen, and certainly aspects of the historical or cultural context. You should demonstrate knowledge of the terminology for the decorative vocabularies, and the structures.
- 2. c. 50,000/35,000 B.C. BASIC CHRONOLOGY MIDDLE EAST 10,000 10000-Neolithic EARLY PERIOD 5000 c. 5500/3500 Early Protoliterate Sumer “theocratic socialism” CHINA 4000 5000 Neolithic EGYPT MEGALITHIC 3500 Neolithic 3000 W. Europe 3100 Early Dynastic 3100 Old Kingd. c. 3500-1800 Sumer INDIA (pyramids) 2350 Akkad 2500 Indus Civ LATER PERIOD: c. 2150- 2000 1900- Middle IIIrd Dyn Ur Kingdom c. 1800 Old Babylon c. 2000/1500-1100 Med inter’l Kassites, et al. 1700 collapse age: Hittites, later Troy, 1550-New Kingd. c. 1500 Phoenicia c. 1700- Minoans, Mycenaeans (temples) “Trojan War” invasions c. 1300 Old Assyria Vedic period “Early” (Xia, 1000 c. 1000 Israel Shang Zhou) GREECE 1100- Late period c. 900 Neo-Hittite c. 1000-500, c. 900 New Assyria Archaic, c. 650 New Babylon ROME “Orientalizing” c. 650 Assyrian, c. 540 Persian Empire 500 510-338 Early Persian c. 270 Buddhist Republic 490-330 Classical Conquests Mauryan, etc. 338-30 BC and Late Classical 300 Late Republic 330-30 BC 330 Greek Conquest Hellenistic period, AD 1 60 BC Roman c. 220-Han 30 BC-AD 30 BC Roman 30 BC Roman JAPAN Conquest c. 250 300/400 conquest conquest c.AD 400/600 Buddhism c. 600 Classic Empire JAVA Buddhist Hinduism Maya 750- Buddhist 3rd-7th-Early Hindu c. 600-AD 1250 900/100 850 Hindu Heian, “Classic” (Tang, Collapse CAMBODIA Kamakura 8th-12th “medieval” Song) 850- Samurai AD 1000 Hindu 1250, collapse c. 1300- “Late” 1400 Inka Yuan, Ming Qing)
- 3. REVIEW: SOME BASIC VOCABULARY TERMS
- 4. Arcuated….arcade Post and lintel….trabeated Entablature: 1.Cornice (missing) 2. Frieze 3. Architrave or archivolt Attic –Ionic base (torus-scotia-torus) On a plinth
- 6. Groin vault (square bay) Isolated entablature Barrel vault Semi-dome niche
- 7. Dome on pendentives Semidome
- 8. Florence, Osepdale degli Innocenti, c. 1417-, F. Brunelleschi Pendentive Vault (tie rod) corbel arcade
- 9. Barrel vault Barrel vault (with coffers) Pendentive Mantua, San Andrea, Alberti, 1471
- 10. Ribbed groin vault Clerestorey arcade arcade Chartres cathedral, c. 1194-1220
- 13. Cyma reversa fillet Leaf and dart Bead and reel Egg and dart Bead and reel ovolo fillet Open and closed palmette Tendril, rinceaux fillet
- 14. Gutter Raking cornice cornice frieze Abacus volute Architrave (3 fascias) with leaf and dart crown molding cushion Ionic, 24 flutes, flat fillets between
- 15. Raking cornice Tympanum/pediment Gutter (sima) Metope Cornice (geison) Triglyph abacus cushion frieze architrave Doric: 20 flutes, sharp “arrises)
- 16. Fixed relative proportions; like a human body, proportions can not be stretched or shrunk to fit composition (see “coordinated” vs. “subordinated” composition). Paestum, c. 580 Paestum, c. 470 Athens, 447-32
- 17. Variable relative proportions (Gothic) Ribbed groin vault Clerestorey arcade arcade Chartres cathedral, c. 1194-1220
- 18. Expressing Structure: Articulate? Inarticulate?
- 19. Engaged Column and Pilaster: Classical column as fictive metaphor of load and support
- 20. Actual and “articulated” or “expressed” structure
- 21. “Fictive” engaged columns also occur in other cultures too…. sikhara Grba grha (“Womb Mandapa hall chamber”) Hindu southern style temple: Mahamallapuram, 6th-7th centuries A.D.
- 22. Aspects of Structure Post and lintel Bearing wall Arch Frame Truss Suspension Tensile
- 23. Load, Span (bending), Stability against dynamic forces (wind earthquake), thrust, Bracing.
- 28. Reading Façade relief: Engaged Column and Pilaster: “flattened” columns Rome, Sta. Susanna