2. avionics architecture da cp
- 2. AVIONICS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE These architectures rely on the data buses for intra and intersystem communications The architecture must conform to the overall aircraft mission and design while ensuring that the avionics system meets its performance requirements
- 4. Mechanical Systems Those systems associated with control of the flight path of the aircraft and with landing, • steering and braking: • Primary flight controls; • Secondary flight controls; • Landing gear; • Wheels, brakes and tyres; • Arrestor hook/brake parachute; • Actuation mechanisms.
- 5. Advanced Integrated Avionics (Post 2000) Common Analog Modules ASDN Common Digital Modules (Supercomputers) Radar Comm EW Common Integrated Processors Integrated Avionics (80’s - 90’s) Mission Radar Comm NAV Mission Federated Avionics (60’s - 70’s) Radar Comm NAV Independent Avionics (40’s - 50’s) AVIONICS SYSTEM EVOLUTION
- 6. Distributed analogue architecture; Distributed digital architecture; Federated digital architecture; Integrated modular architecture; also digital.
- 7. AVIONICS ARCHITECTURE First Generation Architecture( FGA) ( 1940’s –1950’s) Disjoint or Independent Architecture ( MiG-21) Centralized Architecture (F-111) Second Generation Architecture ( SGA)( 1960’s –1970’s) Federated Architecture (F-16 A/B) Distributed Architecture (DAIS) Hierarchical Architecture (F-16 C/D, EAP) Third Generation Architecture ( 1980’s –1990’s) Pave Pillar Architecture ( F-22) Fourth Generation Architecture (Post 2005) Pave Pace Architecture- JSF Open System Architecture
- 8. ADVANTAGES Simple Design Software can be written easily Computers are located in readily accessible bay DISADVANTAGES Requirement of long data buses Low flexibility in software Increased vulnerability to change Different conversion techniques needed at Central Computer FGA - CENTRALIZED ARCHITECTURE Motivated to develop a COMMON STANDARD INTERFACE for interfacing the different avionics systems.
- 9. GNC WDC Multiplexer Converter HSI FCS Terrain Following Radar SMS RADALT TACAN Doppler Radar Integrated Display Set Maintenance Control Unit HSD Attack Radar Inertial Navigator Set Nav Data Display Panel Nav Data Entry Panel Tape FGA - CENTRALIZED ARCHITECTURE
- 10. SGA – FEDERATED ARCHITECTURE Federated : Join together, Become partners Each system acts independently but united (Loosely Coupled) Unlike FGA – CA , Data conversion occurs at the system level and the data are send as digital form – called Digital Avionics Information Systems(DAIS) Several standard data processors are often used to perform a variety of Low – Bandwidth functions such as navigation, weapon delivery , stores management and flight control Systems are connected in a Time – Shared Multiplex Highway Resource sharing occurs at the last link in the information chain – via controls and displays Programmability and versatility of the data processors
- 11. ADVANTAGES Contrast to analog avionics – DDP provide precise solutions over long range of flight , weapon and sensor conditions Sharing of Resources Use of TDMA saves hundreds of pounds of wiring Standardization of protocol makes the interchangeability of equipments easier Allows Independent system design and optimization of major systems Changes in system software and hardware are easy to make Fault containment – Failure is not propagated SGA – FEDERATED ARCHITECTURE
- 12. Processor1 Bus Control Interface Processor2 Bus Control Interface Processor M Bus Control Interface …… Data bus A Remote Terminal 1 Sensor Equipment Remote Terminal 2 Sensor Equipment Remote Terminal N Control & Display Equipment Data bus B …… SGA - HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE
- 13. SGA – HIERARCHICAL ARCHITECTURE This architecture is derived from the federated architecture It is based on the TREE Topology ADVANTAGES Critical functions are placed in a separate bus and Non-Critical functions are placed in another bus Failure in non – critical parts of networks do not generate hazards to the critical parts of network The communication between the subsystems of a particular group are confined to their particular group The overload of data in the main bus is reduced Most of the military avionics flying today based on HIERARCHICAL ARCHITECTURE
- 14. SGA - HIERARCHICAL SYSTEM AVIONICS SYSTEM
- 15. TGA - PAVE PILLAR PP Higher Sustainability Mission Effectiveness Lower LCC
- 16. KEY Points Increased Digitization of Functions Increased sharing and modularization of functions Integration/ sharing concepts increased to the skin of the aircraft Functionality has increasingly obtained through software Complex hardware architecture modules Complex software modules Increased network complexity and speed Modern concept Integrated Modular architecture AVIONICS ARCHITECTURAL EVOLUTION
- 17. MODERN TECHNOLOGY Integrated Modular Avionics Fast Bus definition FLY By Wire : use co oaxial cables FLY BY LIGHT /Optics use optical media
- 18. ANY QUESTIONS ?