List of Logical Fallacies
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The document outlines various logical fallacies and principles of reasoning, categorizing them into deductive and inductive logic, syllogism, and sound versus valid arguments. It presents specific fallacies such as hasty generalization, circular reasoning, and slippery slope, explaining their nature and implications. Additionally, it describes foundational concepts like the law of non-contradiction and the appeal to authority.
List of Logical Fallacies
- 1. Logical Fallacies Model 1. Deductive Logic = reasoning from general to particular 2. Inductive Logic = from a finite general rule 3. Syllogism = A=B B=C C=A 4. Sound Argument= Syllogism used correctly 5. Valid argument = Syllogism used incorrectly 6. Toolman = Claim(Conclusion) -> Ground (data) -> Warrant (evidence) -> Backing (credentials) Terms 7. Law of Non-contradiction = A cannot be A and –A at the same time 8. Qualifications = Words that are not all inclusive 9. Conditional Statement and Implication = Hidden “then: Methods 10. Reduction Ad Absurdum= reducing to absurd, slippery slope. Fallacies 11. Disjunctive Syllogism=All possible conclusions are not listed 12. Fallacy of Composition = Transferring some but not all parts 13. Fallacy of Division = Move from the whole to part 14. Fallacy of the Slippery Slope = A causes B. B causes C. C causes the end of the world Fallacies 15. Fallacy of Hasty Generalization = All of something, not using qualifications 16. Fallacy of Circular Reasoning = Cause causes the cause 17. Fallacy of Equivocation = Change argument in the middle of an argument 18. False Dilemma = Turning into an “either or” situation, similar to a Disjunctive Syllogism 19. Fallacy of Tertoum Quid = Putting in a “maybe” where there is none. 20. Fallacy of Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc = B happened because of A with no connection 21. Fallacy of AD Homin = Attack of the man and not the argument 22. Fallacy to Appeal to People = Everyone else is doing it 23. Fallacy of Appeal to Pity = self explanatory 24. Fallacy of Appeal to Tradition = self explanatory 25. Fallacy of Appeal to Ignorance = Something cannot be true because he has not heard of it 26. Fallacy of Appeal to Authority = self explanatory 27. Fallacy of Appeal to Non Sequitur = Latin for “I do not follow” pinching hurts so lets pinch ourselves 28. Fallacy of Straw Man = Setting up a false argument and attacking it. 29. Fallacy of Guilt by Association = guilty of action, or wrong because connection with others
- 2. 30. Ad Ignorantiam = Not true b/c not know that is false 31. Fallacy of Argument from final Consequences = B/C Good end the way we get there does not matter (teleological). 32. Fallacy of False Analogy = Analogy works which mean the plan will too. 33. Fallacy of the False Continuum = B/C there is no defined line or the line is grey they are the same thing. 34. Genetic Fallacy = Designed to do something thus cannot do something else.