2012 Salary Report

2012 IT Skills and Salary Report
A Comprehensive Survey from Global Knowledge and TechRepublic

Introduction Respondents’ average salaries increased
this year—an optimistic sign. The aver-
age (mean) salary for the current survey’s
The end of 2011 saw continuing signs of respondents was $84,552, up 6.2% from
an on-again, off-again economic recovery. the 2011 survey. This represents a 14.4%
The European debt crisis, the continuing increase over the $73,900 recorded in the
housing market correction, lack of access first study (2008). Average salary for IT pro-
to credit, natural catastrophes, downsizing fessionals was $84,258, with non-IT respon-
of governments at all levels, and a general dents averaging $86,274. See Figure 1.
unwillingness (or inability) of businesses
to hire in earnest have been contributing Another reason for optimism: nearly two-
factors. In a global economy that is highly thirds of respondents (63%) reported receiv-
interconnected, any one of these factors ing a raise, up significantly from 54% for
could put a damper on progress and cause last year’s respondents. This is up from 43%
negative changes to a profession. Yet as in 2010 but still off from the 80% mark set
2012 gets under way, there are reasons for in 2008. Performance in their current posi-
optimism. tion was the primary reason for receiving a
raise, mentioned by over half of the raise
This year’s salary survey, the fifth in partner- recipients. In the current study, 29% report-
ship with Global Knowledge and TechRe- ed their salaries were capped without a
public, sought to highlight the sources raise. This is down 10 points from the prior
and drivers of that optimisim. To that year. Eight percent of respondents reported
end, questions were added that yielded receiving a salary cut, consistent with the
deeper insight into growing segments of 2011 study. The percentage of respondents
the market, including application develop- reporting they received a bonus is up eight
ment, business service management, and points over the prior year’s study (48% vs.
IT governance. For the first time, questions 40%). This represents a nine-point gain
specifically for non-IT professionals were from the nadir set in 2009 (39%) and is
included. back in line with figures from 2008.

More than 9,500 IT and other profession- A third reason for optimism is that the
als from around the globe responded to the demand for tech professionals is expected
survey, which was fielded online from Octo- to grow in 2012. According to a study con-
ber 10 to November 18, 2011. ducted by Dice.com in November 2011,
65% of respondents (hiring IT managers
Respondents from the United States and and recruiters) said their companies or cli-
Canada accounted for 76% of all responses ents plan to increase their staff in the first
(N = 7,218). See page 25 for complete half of the year. One in four respondents
survey methodology. reported they plan to grow their staff by

Copyright ©2012 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. 2

Figure 1
Participant Profile
2012 2011 2010 2009 2008
Base Salary $84,552 $79,579 $82,115 $81,600 $73,900
Received a Raise 63% 54% 43% 70% 80%
Raise Percentage 5% 7% 10% 6% 4%
Received a Bonus 48% 40% 39% 46% 49%
Average Bonus $5,920 $7,926 $8,654 $8,575 $3,937
Age 44 44 43 42 43
Tenure (Years) 16 16 15 15 14
Male vs. Female 3.7:1 3.6:1 3.9:1 3.3:1 3.0:1
College Degree 70.4% 67.8% 69.7% 66.7% 59.0%

more than 20%. Technical employees with On average, those respondents who received
six to 10 years of career experience will be a raise saw an increase in salary of 5%. Raises
the most sought after, followed by those were received across all IT job functions, but
with two to five years of tenure.1 the gain was not consistent. Respondents in
data center, database administration, secu-
The hiring trend reported by Dice is consis- rity, and servers and storage saw the biggest
tent with the sentiment of respondents to salary gains between last year and this year.
the current salary study. Overall, 52% of The percentage receiving a bonus was up,
respondents reported they were looking or but the average size of that bonus was down
will be looking for a new position in 2012. 25.3% over prior year ($7,926 vs. $5,920).
This is up from 38% in the 2011 study.
The percentage of respondents reporting Demographically, the respondents look simi-
a desire to change employers ranges from lar to prior years. Average age was 44, with
33% for those who felt compensated fairly average career tenure of 16 years. The per-
to 65% of those who felt undervalued. The centage of male respondents was consistent
percentage of those who were compen- with prior years at 79%. Seventy percent of
sated fairly and considering a new position respondents had an undergraduate or grad-
increased 12 points between the 2011 and uate degree—more than in prior years. See
2012 studies (21% vs. 33%). Figure 1.


security, compensation, ability to train, and
Can Our Work Bring numerous demographic factors.

Us Satisfaction? Job satisfaction among IT professionals

“
appears to be rebounding from its low point
I feel sorry for the person who can’t get genuinely in early 2010. The Corporate Executive Board,
excited about his work. Not only will he never a Washington-based advisory firm, reported
be satisfied, but he will never achieve anything that satisfaction in the IT ranks reached an
worthwhile. all-time low from late 2009 through early
— Walter Chrysler 2010. Based on its survey of approximately
10,000 IT employees, the percentage of
“highly engaged” employees, those willing
As in previous editions, the 2012 survey to put in extra time and effort to solve prob-
included several questions designed to lems, reached a low of 4% (down from 12%
determine the relationship between train- in 2007).2 In our current survey, job satisfac-
ing, salary, and an employee’s sense of pro- tion showed a significant gain. Sixty percent
fessional satisfaction. It has been said that of respondents reported being satisfied or
job satisfaction is more than a function of very satisfied with their current position, up
salary. In fact, job satisfaction is a complex from 43% in 2011. Those reporting being
emotional concept, typically related to the very satisfied with their current position
ability to fulfill one’s potential while making increased to 15%, up from only 5% in 2011
a difference. This year’s data confirms that and 8% in 2010. See Figure 2.
idea, providing insight into the relation-
ship between a respondent’s sense of work Perceived job security is critical to, and
satisfaction and other variables such as job strongly associated with, job satisfaction.

Figure 2
Overall Job Satisfaction
59%
56%
45%
38% 40%
32%

15% 5% 8%

Very Satisfied Satisfied Less than Satisfied

2012 2011 2010


There were significant shifts in respondents’ ingness to seek a new position. In the current
perceived job security, with more express- study, over half of the respondents (52%)
ing security or insecurity this year (33% and reported an interest in finding new employ-
31%, respectively) and fewer expressing ment (up from 33% in 2010). Interestingly,
neutrality. the percentage of respondents who were
looking for new positions and were satis-
Further, of those who expressed feeling fied with their current employer has more
secure in their position, more than 70% than doubled since 2010 (36% vs. 15%).
were also satisfied with their position. The It appears that respondents are moving
level of job satisfaction declines to 31% for beyond a sense of gratitude for simply
those who felt insecure about their current having a job into a position of taking charge
position. Those who felt more secure in of their careers and their earning potential.
their jobs believed they were paid fairly for
their work, earned a certification within the Though it is not the only variable in the
last five years, tended to be younger (under equation, compensation impacts job satis-
40), and worked in IT positions, specifically faction. One’s work environment, perceived
in data storage, servers, and information level of peer and managerial respect, and
security. Older workers were less likely to opportunities for training and advancement
feel secure in their current position. Figure factor into an employee’s level of satisfac-
3 illustrates the strong association between tion at work. With that said, those who
job security and job satisfaction. considered themselves to be paid equitably
were more satisfied than their peers who
Why are security and satisfaction important? were on the fence or believed themselves to
They both heavily impact an employee’s will- be underpaid.

Figure 3
Job Security and Satisfaction
70%

48%
43%
34%
31%
22% 23%
14% 16%

Satisfied Neutral Unsatisfied

Secure Unsure Insecure


Figure 4
Impact of Salary Satisfaction on Job Hunting
Compensated Fairly Should Be Making More Money

21%
33% 21% 35%
33% 35% 41%
2012 2011 2012 2011 41%
2012 2011 2012 65% 59% 2011
67% 79% 59%
65%
67% 79%

Looking Not Looking
Looking Not Looking

A sense of fairness around compensa- Survey respondents were asked if they had
tion also drives one’s desire to pursue new considered leaving their field, relocated for
employment. One-third of respondents who a new position, or changed employers. The
considered themselves equitably paid were percentage of IT respondents who consid-
engaged in a job search. This figure is up 12 ered leaving their field during the 12 months
percentage points over last year. Nearly two- prior to the survey increased in 2012 (35%
thirds of those who believed themselves to vs. 29% in 2011). Approximately one-fourth
be underpaid were job hunting—24% more of respondents changed employers, similar
than last year. See Figure 4 for more on these to the prior year. Respondents who reported
trends. These statistics point to an increased being unsatisfied with their position were
desire among both IT and non-IT profession- twice as likely to have considered leaving
als to seek better compensation. Projections their field (54% vs. 26%). This group also
for salary increases by technical professionals felt a higher level of insecurity about their
who stayed in their current position range jobs and was more apt to have received a
from 0%–3%, while those who took a new salary cut than a raise.
position expected to see a bump of 15%–
20% in total compensation.


trained with an eye on increasing compensa-
Acquiring New Skills and tion rose from 34% in 2011 to 39% in the
current survey.
Sharpening Existing Ones

“
Does training have an impact on compen-
Learning is an active process.We learn by doing. sation? There is a strong perception that it
Only knowledge that is used sticks in your mind. does. In this year’s survey, 80% of respon-
— Dale Carnegie dents said they believe training increases
their base salary. That’s up from 74% in
2011 and 64% in 2010.

Technology is ever evolving, feeding the con- This belief was consistent across gender and
sistent need for training the IT workforce. age, but it varied somewhat by job role, size
Over three-fourths of respondents took of the IT department, industry, and tenure.
some form of training in the prior year, con- Respondents who hold expertise in network-
sistent with 2011 figures and up from 66% ing, communications, or servers and stor-
in the 2010 survey. Consistent with previous age believed strongly that training impacts
surveys, the majority of those who trained salary. Those in web or application develop-
(67%) did so to build new skills. As addi- ment did not hold the belief as strongly.
tional evidence that we are moving beyond
just being thankful to have a job, the per- As illustrated in Figure 5, respondents
centage of respondents who reported they confirmed that training positively affects

Figure 5
Impact of Training on Base Salary

2012 8.6% Increase

$79,268 $86,107

2011 2.1% Increase

$78,317 $79,961

2010 3.7% Increase

$80,130 $83,106
Trained in prior year Did not train


salaries. Those who trained in the prior instructor-led classroom courses. Over two-
year earned an average of $6,839, or 8.6% thirds employed printed study materials to
more than those who did not train ($86,107 prepare for exams and research solutions
vs. $79,268). The difference is more pro- to existing problems. Online self-directed
nounced than in prior years, with the gap at courses and DVDs, or e-books, were also
2.1% in 2011 and 3.7% in 2010. The dif- used. One-on-one mentoring and study
ference is most pronounced for those in the groups were used less often. With the vari-
middle stages of their career, with a posi- ety of content delivery options available, tra-
tive salary differential of 7%–14% for those ditional classroom training is still viewed as
with 7–20 years of tenure. The salary gap the gold standard.
is also significant for those who earned a
certification in the prior five years ($86,988 Overall, IT professionals are avid informa-
vs. $80,430 or 8.2%). tion seekers. They strive to gain new skills,
test new software and hardware, increase
Information Seeking: their earning power, study for certification
How IT Professionals Stay Up to Date and specialist exams, or prepare themselves
More than 80% of IT professionals report- to qualify for new positions. Six out of 10
ed using the Internet to research topics of respondents undertook six or more activi-
interest. More than 70% downloaded a ties in their efforts to stay current. These
white paper, and approximately the same “Information Seekers” were more apt to
percentage took a lunch hour to view pursue learning and networking opportuni-
a webinar. As for formal training, 44% ties, both formal and informal. They were
attended an out-of-office training session, more satisfied on the job and tended to be
and 47% participated in self-paced online involved with project management or busi-
training. ness process improvement while pursuing
new career opportunities. Not surprisingly,
Informal methods continue to be popular their efforts paid off with a significant salary
for staying current on the changing land- differential. Information Seekers earned
scape. Over half of the respondents (58%) 8.7% more than their counterparts who
reported they engaged in an informal train- utilized three to five information-gathering
ing session while at work. Such training activities ($87,888 vs. $80,836) and 18.9%
could be in the form of attending a “lunch more than those who used fewer than three
and learn” session, viewing a webinar, fol- information-gathering activities in the prior
lowing an online community, or download- year ($87,888 vs. $73,905).
ing an educational mobile application.
Why We Train
Professionals in the technology space Training takes time, money, and energy. It
employ several learning methods. Three out often takes people out of the office and off
of four IT professionals attended traditional key projects and billable hours. With this


in mind, why do IT professionals seek out Preparation for new product or software
training? For three years running, the top deployments, while still significant, fell to
reason has been to build new skills. In the number four in the rankings, down from the
latest survey, preparation for a career certi- second spot in 2011.
fication or specialist exam moved back to
the number two ranking. See Figure 6 for The decision to train is typically not due to
comparisons. a single reason. Fewer than 10% of respon-
dents reported they trained with a single
As continued evidence of the desire to intention. On average, the decision process
improve compensation and employment involved an attempt to meet four sepa-
position, this year’s rankings for certification rate needs through training. This number
preparation, career advancement, increased varied significantly, with Information Seek-
compensation, and gaining management ers indicating they used training to solve five
recognition all rose over last year’s survey. separate needs compared to three for the

Figure 6
Reasons for Training
2012 2011 2010
Percent Rank Percent Rank Percent Rank
Build new skills (not related to a new software deployment) 67% 1 67% 1 80% 1

Prepare for a career certification or specialist exam 50% 2 46% 3 50% 2

Advance my career to qualify for a different job 46% 3 41% 4 46% 3

Prepare for a new product deployment or software upgrade 45% 4 46% 2 41% 5

Increase my compensation 39% 5 34% 6 34% 7

Work with cutting-edge technology 39% 6 38% 5 42% 4

Solve a particular problem 29% 7 32% 7 30% 8

Requirement by employer 29% 8 32% 8 27% 9

Gain recognition from management 28% 9 24% 10 21% 11

Evaluate new products for possible purchase 24% 10 26% 9 35% 6

Prepare for a career change 21% 11 17% 11 23% 10

Recommended by colleague 13% 12 12% 12 11% 12

Prepare for channel specialization or designation 10% 13 11% 13 9% 13

Government mandates (e.g., 8570.1 initiative) 8% 14 7% 14 8% 14


Figure 7
Post-Certification “Unaware” segment. Information Seekers
Effectiveness were twice as likely as the Unaware to use
training to prepare for a channel specializa-
9%
tion or to evaluate new products. They were
22%
8% 9% also more likely to take advantage of train-
ing as a means to work with cutting-edge
30% technology, gain recognition from manage-
41%
2012 ment, or resolve a particular problem.
42%
Certifications:
Are They Worth the Time and Effort?
38%
Six out of 10 respondents who reported
they took training did so to pursue a certifi-
10% cation or recertify. This is a higher percent-
17% age than the last two studies. It increases
5%
21% to 68% for those respondents who indi-
cated they took project management train-
30%
ing, which is strongly certification focused
2011 35% and has continuing education require-
ments. More than 80% of respondents
45% who reported taking certification training
39%
believed it would impact their base salary.
This is up significantly over the prior year
(82% vs. 58%) and is in line with other
9% study data that points to increasing desire
26% to expand professional opportunities and
13% 12% 16%
compensation.
17%
2010 Does certification training impact job per-
formance? Staff and managers agree that
it does. After rising from 12% in 2010 to
55%
21% in 2011, the percentage of managers
52% who reported no change in staff effective-
Staff ness after certification fell to 8% in the cur-
Significantly more effective rent survey. More impressive, the percent-
More effective age of managers reporting their staff was
Somewhat more effective more effective or significantly more effective
No difference in effectiveness Managers on the job after receiving certification rose
to 51%, up from 35% in 2011.


The perception held by staff that earning A higher percentage of respondents said
a certification positively affects post-job employers support and recognize the value
effectiveness has declined slightly. In the certifications provide.
current survey, 39% felt they were more
effective or significantly more effective on Conversely, there is a decreasing trend in
the job after completing their certification the percentage of certified respondents
training. This is down from 45% in 2011 who believe the certification process is
and 78% in 2010. See Figure 7 for more overrated. Three out of 10 respondents said
on this trend. the value of a certification has declined.
This is consistent across most certification
Despite a downward shift in respondents’ categories, although it does skew up for
opinions on job effectiveness, they still Microsoft certifications and down some-
view certifications as a worthwhile career what for ITIL® and project management
investment. Over two-thirds of respon- certifications.
dents who certified within the previous
five years reported they felt efforts to Level of Responsibility
obtain a certification were worth the addi- IT staff accounted for 58% of respondents,
tional commitment. This percentage is up from 53% in 2011 and 48% in 2010.
unchanged compared to last year’s survey Overall, fewer than one-third of IT respon-
and down slightly over previous years. dents held supervisory responsibilities.
Consistent with previous surveys, half Among managers, over half had budget
reported they perceive their certification responsibility and 68% were called upon to
efforts to be of value to their company. make hiring and training decisions.

Figure 8
Likelihood of Sending Staff to Training

80%
63% 60%

35% 38%
25% 23%
23% 19%

2012 2011 2010

IT Training PM Training Business Training


Respondents who make training decisions The median annual training budget per
were asked to estimate the likelihood of employee continues to fall in the $2,000–
sending their team members to training in $2,999 range, with one-third allocating
2012. Gains were seen across all three train- $4,000 or more per individual. Firms with
ing areas—IT, project management, and training spending above the median clus-
business—with an 80% planning to send tered in defense and homeland security,
their staff to IT training in 2012. Over one- aerospace, system integrators, industrial
third of this group plans to send staff to manufacturing, telecommunications, and
project management and/or business train- pharmaceutical research.
ing this year, both showing gains over prior
years. For details, see Figure 8. Final Word on Training
As the market continues to place increas-
Three out of four training decision makers ing demands on technology, we will con-
said certifications impact a new hire’s base tinue to see the need for training. While
salary, up from two-thirds in 2011. Howev- the methods used for training will continue
er, there continues to be evidence of a shift to evolve, perhaps more in the direction of
in the overall view of certifications in the informal training or toward modes that do
hiring process. As was first seen last year, not require travel, the need to keep skills
the percentage of managers who viewed current will not diminish. According to
certifications as “very important” in the research conducted by IDC in 2008, 60.7%
hiring process continues to hover around of IT managers believe that the skill level of
10%, down from 23% in 2010. This view their team is the critical driver to success.3
is not consistent across all industry sectors. This sentiment was echoed by the findings
Aerospace, homeland defense, and systems of research conducted in 2011 through the
integrators continue to place more empha- IT Professional Research Panel. The find-
sis on certifications in the hiring process. ings, combined with the inherent personal
This view could also be a function of the need of technology professionals to con-
numerous options available to train staff tinue learning, mean training remains a
once they are onboard. necessity.


and will work harder and longer to keep
Trends in Base Pay, it.” The underlying theme in this year’s
study is about change, as in, “I have sacri-
Bonuses, and Benefits ficed for several years now and would like

“
to use this year to change my personal eco-
Your earning ability is largely determined by nomic position.”
the perception of excellence, quality, and value
that others have of you and what you do.The The average base salary reported in the
market only pays excellent rewards for excellent current survey was up 6.2% compared to
performance. It pays average rewards for average the prior year ($84,552 vs. $79,579) and is
performance, and it pays below average rewards or the highest average salary since the survey
unemployment for below average performance. began in 2008. See Figure 9. The average
— Brian Tracy for IT professionals was $84,258 compared
to $86,274 for non-IT professionals.

Compensation has always been important This year, a higher percentage of respon-
to employees. Following the recent reces- dents received raises, stepping up to 63%
sion, the mood was one of simple grati- after reaching a nadir of 43% in 2010. See
tude, as in, “I am grateful just to have a job Figure 10. Although this figure has not

Figure 9
Salary Range of Respondents
15%
13.0% 13.3%
12.2%
12%
10.1% 10.1%
9% 8.1% 7.8%

6% 5.7% 5.3% 4.9% 4.9%

3% 2.9%
1.7%
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Figure 10
Received a Raise
71%
66% 63% 63%
61%
57% 54%
52% 53%
44% 45% 43% 45% 43%
38%

Less than $60,000 $60,000–$79,000 $80,000–$99,000 $100,000+ Overall

2012 2011 2010

returned to prerecession levels, it is moving with the likelihood of seeing a raise. Over-
in a positive direction. Interestingly, the all, 63% of respondents saw a raise, and
average raise realized was 5% ($4,228) respondents from the following industries
compared to a 7.1% raise ($5,810) in were more likely to see a raise: aerospace,
the prior year. The likelihood of receiving financial services, insurance, legal, manu-
a raise was not equally distributed across facturing, natural resources, pharmaceuti-
the salary range. For example, those earn- cal research, logistics, retail, and utilities.
ing less than $60,000 were significantly Fewer than 63% of the respondents in
less likely to see a raise than those earn- construction, education, IT services, non-
ing above that mark. This is consistent with profits, media-related companies, and
data from the prior year. local, state, and non-military federal gov-
ernment saw a raise.
Other factors are associated with an
increased likelihood of receiving a raise. Respondents were very candid when asked
Respondents more likely to see a raise about the reasons for receiving a raise or
included those working in larger companies seeing their salaries cut. Over half of those
(5,000+ employees), with IT staffs of 100 or who received a raise stated it was due to
more, in the age range of 25–39, with up their performance in their current posi-
to 13 years of career tenure, and working tion. This has been the primary reason
in systems architecture and engineering, listed each of the last three years. Cost of
security, and telecommunications. Manag- living increases and other step increases
ers were not more likely to receive a raise were listed by over one-third of respon-
than staff, and neither gender was more or dents. One in five respondents stated they
less likely to receive a raise. received a raise due to either taking on
additional responsibilities or developing
One’s industry, and its position in the eco- new skills that brought additional value to
nomic cycle, is significantly associated the company.


Fewer than 10% of respondents saw their By comparison, those who received a raise
salaries cut. Of those, soft economic con- were less than half as likely to report being
ditions were the primary reason reported. unsatisfied with their job (17% vs. 36%).
Since the bottom of the recession, the per- Not surprisingly, those who did not see an
centage of respondents reporting they saw increase were more apt to be undertaking a
salary cuts due to economic conditions, or job search than those who received a raise
as a company response to avoid layoffs, has (63% vs. 48%).
declined significantly. One in five respon-
dents who saw a salary decrease said the Job mobility is tied intrinsically to salary
drop was due to a job change. This is down increases. Respondents who accepted a lat-
slightly from figures reported in 2011 (22% eral move to a new employer typically saw
vs. 25%). an increase of at least 6%, with over one-
third seeing an increase of more than 11%.
Feelings on the fairness of compensation are Increased responsibility and compensation
strongly associated with receiving a salary are key motivators for accepting an exter-
increase. Over three-fourths of those who nal promotion. This proved to be the case as
believed they were fairly paid saw a raise. respondents who accepted an external pro-
This is up from two-thirds in 2011 (77% vs. motion were twice as likely to see a salary
66%). By contrast, 54% of those who felt increase of 11% or more compared to those
they were underpaid received a raise. who accepted internal promotions (52% vs.
24%).
Those who took training in the prior year
were more likely to have benefited from a Bonus Plans
salary increase (64% vs. 58% of those who Over 75% of the IT professionals who
received a raise but did not train). Respon- responded to this year’s survey reported
dents who trained in ITIL, governance, and being part of a bonus program. From this
on Red Hat products were more likely than group, 48% received a bonus within the last
their counterparts in other areas to receive year, with the average bonus being approxi-
a salary increase. mately $5,920 (down 25% over the prior
year). Half of those who received a bonus
There is a significant relationship between reported that it was 1%–5% of their base
salary increases and job satisfaction. Seven- salary. Thirty percent reported being bonus
ty percent of those respondents who report- eligible in the prior year, but their employers
ed being satisfied with their position saw a did not give out bonuses. Overall, 22% of
salary increase, compared to 49% of those respondents indicated they were not bonus
who claimed to be unsatisfied with their job. eligible. There is a positive association with
From another perspective, over one-third of salary range and bonus likelihood. The
those who received a salary cut (36%) saw percentage of respondents earning under
this as one reason for being dissatisfied. $70,000 who saw a bonus ranges from


26%–40%. By comparison, as salaries sur- cal respondents having a slightly higher
pass $90,000, the likelihood of receiving a incidence of company-paid life insur-
bonus ranges from 52%–71%. ance (72% vs. 67%). Two areas showed
statistically significant improvement over
Benefit Packages prior year numbers: 76% of respondents
The composition of respondents’ benefits reported having a 401(k) or similar plan
packages is showing signs of stabilization. (up six points over 2011), and 56% report-
There were marginal differences between ed having access to employer-paid training
IT and non-IT professionals, with techni- (up nine points over 2011).


fication within the last five years continues
The Impact of Training to increase. Figure 11 shows that 65% of
the respondents reported earning a certi-
and Certification on Salary fication within the last five years, up from

“
45% in 2011 and 33% in the 2010 survey.
One of the things that may get in the way of
people being lifelong learners is that they’re not in Compensation is one reason both IT and
touch with their passion. If you’re passionate about non-technology employees pursue certifica-
what it is you do, then you’re going to be looking tion. Staff and hiring managers agree that
for everything you can to get better at it. certifications impact an employee’s base
— Jack Canfield salary. The percentage of IT staff members
who said they believe certifications have
impacted their salary rose from 49% in
Certifications represent a pinnacle of 2011 to 77% in the current survey. A similar
achievement in many professions, espe- upward trend can be seen in the responses
cially in the technical arena. They take time, of IT hiring managers. In the current survey,
money, and energy to complete. The rea- 76% of the hiring managers indicated there
sons we pursue them vary, but in the end, is a positive impact. This is up from 67% in
most IT professionals believe certifications 2011 and 63% in 2010.
are a career investment. In fact, over two-
thirds of those who earned a certification In the current survey, three out of four
in the last five years stated it was a worth- respondents reported taking training, consis-
while endeavor. Further, the percentage of tent with 2011 and up 10 points from 2010.
respondents who reported receiving a certi- From this group, 51% did so to prepare for a

Figure 11
Earned IT Certification Within Last 5 Years

33%
45%
2012 2011 2010
65%

Percent of IT Respondents Certified Within Last 5 Years


career certification or specialist exam. There Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)
is an 8.6% salary differential between those certification, held by over 940 respon-
who trained in the previous 12 months and dents, Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer
those who did not ($86,107 vs. $79,268). (MCSE) certification, and ITIL v3 Founda-
This relationship is the strongest it has been tion certification represent the top three in
in the last three years. The positive associa- terms of incidence. Salaries for IT profes-
tion between training and salary was noted sionals holding these certifications ranged
across all tenure groups. from $82,923 (CCNA) to $97,691 (ITIL v3
Foundation). We round out the top five with
The type of training taken is associated Microsoft Certified Professional (MCP) (n =
with differences in salary. Those who took 622) and CompTIA A+ (n = 586). Average
only IT training saw a significant bump in salary for MCPs was $79,363 and $67,954
average salary compared to 2011 ($78,061 for those with A+ certification.
vs. $73,000). Respondents who took IT
and some form of project management or Salary by Job Role and Function
business skills training averaged approxi- Primary job functions were separated out
mately $87,374 (up from $82,000 in 2011). from job roles to provide a clearer picture
Respondents whose training was exclusively of salary dynamics. Eleven primary functions
business related, including ITIL or project were identified along with 16 job roles.
management, averaged $95,823 (up from Among non-IT respondents, there were a
$87,730 in 2011). By comparison, those who combined 28 job roles and functions listed.
took no training at all averaged $79,268. Survey respondents were also offered the
option to write in an “other” response.
Certifications and Salary
Nearly two-thirds of the respondents (65%) Managers and those who administer or sup-
reported earning an IT, project manage- port IT systems averaged 17.4 years of tenure,
ment, or business-related certification in while their non-IT counterparts had an aver-
the past five years. This group was asked to age of 18.4 years invested in their careers.
select from a broad slate of over 250 cer- Salary for IT managers averaged $95,950,
tifications across 20 categories, including or 2.9% less than their non-IT managerial
business process, governance, imaging and counterparts ($98,734). Figure 13 highlights
printing, database, security, virtualization, the year-over-year change by job function.
and wireless. Figure 12 highlights survey
respondents’ top certifications by salary. Approximately 60% of the respondents
Twelve percent of those certified (513) held held staff positions in an IT or non-IT capac-
a Project Management Professional (PMP®) ity. Salaries for staff ranged from $75,844
certification. Average salary for PMPs was for those in IT functions to $79,411 for
$111,209, placing this group in the top those in non-IT roles. Tenure for staff
20% of salaries. respondents averaged 14.5 years in IT posi-


tions and 15.7 years for those outside IT. the IT group. The average mid-level man-
Frontline supervisors accounted for 14% ager in IT had worked in the field for 17.1
of the IT respondents. This group averaged years and earned $94,175. Senior manag-
15.3 years of tenure and earned an aver- ers and executives accounted for 11% of
age salary of $83,841, approximately 11% the IT respondent base. Average tenure
more per year than the staff they supervise. ranged 20–22 years with annual base salary
Middle management accounted for 17% of ranging from $111,046 to $119,947.

Figure 12
Top Certifications by Salary
Click here for
Base Salary
a complete list
Certification Mean Median Count
of salaries by
Six Sigma $116,987 $104,875 124
certification
Certified in Risk and Information Systems Control (CRISC) $115,946 $110,000 119
Certified Information Security Manager (CISM) $112,263 $110,000 124
Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA) $111,534 $104,000 109
PMP $111,209 $101,447 513
Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) $110,342 $104,000 304
CCDA $101,915 $93,000 195
Project+ $100,862 $85,000 119
Convergence Technologies Professional (CTP) $99,265 $83,300 118
ITIL v3 Foundation $97,691 $94,000 647
CCNA Voice $97,617 $84,425 100
MCITP: Enterprise Administrator $94,240 $84,000 116
CCNA Security $92,430 $82,000 158
Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer (MCSE) $91,650 $85,000 654
VMware Certified Professional (VCP) $91,648 $85,751 195
Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP) $90,457 $86,500 254
MCITP: Server Administrator $88,312 $80,000 161
MCTS: Windows Server 2008 Active Directory Configuration $87,694 $80,000 128
Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist (MCTS) $85,546 $80,000 176
CompTIA Server+ $84,997 $80,000 264
Microsoft Certified IT Professional (MCITP) $84,330 $75,000 331
Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) $82,923 $79,950 944

Mean is the sum of all data divided by the number of data items. Median is the middle value in a numerical sequence.


Salary by IT Department Size Salary by Industry
Statistically significant differences in aver- Across all industries, those who manage,
age salary were found at all levels of staff implement, and support IT infrastructure
size. IT departments with fewer than 10 play a critical role in the success of their com-
team members accounted for close to one- panies and organizations. This year, respon-
third of the responses. This group had the dents from the government sector were the
lowest average salary at $73,621. Respon- largest contributor, followed by those in the
dents working in departments with 10–99 financial, healthcare, IT services, and edu-
staff members averaged 15.5% more than cation sectors. Salaries by industry sector
those in the smallest departments ($85,012 ranged from $66,642 in educational services
vs. $73,621). IT professionals working in to $96,165 in mining, oil, and gas. We round
departments with 100 or more staff aver- out the top five industries, in terms of base
aged $21,745 (29.5%) more than those in salary, with aerospace ($95,052), military
the smallest departments. This differential is and homeland security ($95,787), IT consult-
consistent with results from 2011 and 2010. ing ($96,473), and non-defense related fed-

Figure 13
Job Function
2012 Base Salary ($US) 2011 Base Salary ($US)
Mean Median Count Mean Median Count
Data Center $90,261 $85,751 231 $82,402 $80,000 411
Database $92,338 $84,000 226 $83,152 $81,000 446
Networking (LAN, WAN, Wireless, etc.) $75,666 $72,000 1,250 $72,355 $68,900 1,748
Communications (inc. Telecom and UC) $80,326 $75,000 346 $77,836 $72,000 514
Applications/Programming $90,643 $85,000 565 $88,753 $85,000 1,159
Business Processes (inc. ITIL and Audit/Compliance) $97,278 $92,000 385 $92,804 $89,000 576
Servers Storage $83,284 $78,000 665 $76,294 $74,000 1,208
Security $98,030 $95,000 391 $87,815 $85,000 401
Web Development $81,405 $80,000 134 $78,643 $77,450 245
Operations Facilities $76,512 $75,000 301 $72,044 $65,000 509
Non-IT Function $94,128 $88,500 70 $85,113 $79,000 443
Other IT Function $83,046 $77,000 1,542 $77,415 $72,000 2,406
Total $84,353 $80,000 6,106 $79,579 $75,000 10,066


eral positions ($92,765). Figure 14 provides mid-Atlantic region had the highest salary
salary data for the top 10 industries. base with an average of $92,043, followed
closely by the south Atlantic ($88,803) and
Geographic Impacts on Salary Pacific regions ($88,123).
Skills, industry, education, and tenure all
have an impact on salary. Geography is On a state/district level, Connecticut had
another variable that cannot be dismissed. the highest average salary at $104,977, due
Cost of living, economic diversity, overall in part to its proximity to the financial and
desirability, and other factors determine a corporate centers in New York. Washing-
region’s employment rate. This economic ton, DC, with its broad base of government,
fact of worker supply and demand can drive defense, and consulting employees, came in
salaries up or down across industries. second with an average salary of $102,366.
Virginia, Maryland, and New Jersey com-
The average salary of respondents across plete the top five states for IT salaries. The
North America was $84,552, up 6% from trends are similar for non-IT salaries.
last year’s $79,759. It ranged from $80,823
in the Midwest to over $89,900 in the The lowest average IT salaries were found
Northeast. Within these broad regions, the in Wyoming and the Dakotas, along with

Figure 14
Industry
2012 Base Salary ($US)
Mean Median Count
IT Consulting $96,473 $90,000 427

Natural Resources – Mining, Oil, or Gas $96,165 $93,500 97

Government – Military and Homeland Security $95,787 $86,275 204

Aerospace/Defense Contractor $95,052 $92,500 102

Government – Other Federal $92,765 $90,000 205

Banking, Finance, and Accounting $91,061 $85,000 591

Retail $87,945 $79,650 186

Professional Business Services $86,467 $80,000 180

Telecom and Internet $86,173 $78,000 341

Utilities $85,844 $85,000 134



New Mexico and the more rural parts of it skews up for several industries: automo-
New England. These states also have lower tive (88%), banking and finance (83%),
costs of living and fewer large employers, insurance and legal (86%), healthcare
both contributing to lower salaries. See (85%), hospitality (86%), natural resources
Figure 15. (89%), system integrators (87%), pharma-
ceuticals (89%), and logistics (88%).
Looking Forward
According to Gartner’s annual forecast, The construction industry, one of the sectors
global IT spending is expected to rise 3.7% hurt most by the recession, is showing signs
to $3.6 trillion in 2012. Though their 2012 of improvement. In the 2011 survey, 64%
forecast was even higher as of Q3 2011 of the respondents in construction, architec-
(4.6%), at the end of 2011, Gartner low- ture, and engineering reported projects were
ered their 2012 outlook due in part to the being given the green light. This number
European financial crisis and lowered global jumped 11 points to 75% in the 2012 survey.
output of hard drives due to flooding in Thai- It is still below the norm of 80%.
land. Areas with expected growth above the
norm include telecommunications equip- Several industries continue to face challeng-
ment (6.9%), computing hardware (5.1%), ing business conditions and do not expect
and enterprise software (6.4%).4 to see projects coming online with as much
fervor. These included aerospace (70%), all
Despite this slightly less optimistic news, levels of government (71%–73%), educa-
other sources point toward longer-term tion (72%), and manufacturing (75%).
growth for those in technology positions.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics of the US Respondents were also asked to report on
Department of Labor projected that the their current and expected business condi-
number of employed persons in the US tions. Over half (58%) indicated that their
will grow by 14.3% between 2010 and businesses were either growing slowly or
2020. Employment in computer occupa- experiencing a period of solid growth. This
tions is expected to grow by 22.1%, with is flat compared to 2011 (58% vs. 56%),
the number of positions in systems software but up 16 points from 2010 (58% vs. 42%).
development, database administration, and There is a significant relationship between
network architecture expected to grow perceived business conditions and projects
closer to 30%.5 coming online. More than 90% of respon-
dents who reported business conditions
Respondents to this survey reported they were good also indicated that projects were
were seeing projects being resumed or initi- being funded. By contrast, only 50% of
ated. Eight out of 10 respondents indicated those respondents who reported negative
projects were getting funding; this percent- business conditions also indicated projects
age is up from 62% in the 2010 survey, and were being started or resumed.


Figure 15 Click here for a complete list of salaries by state

NATIONWIDE SALARY COMPARISON
NH
WA VT ME

MT ND
MN MA
OR NY
WI RI
ID SD MI CT
WY PA NJ
IA DE
NE OH MD
NV IL IN
UT WV VA DC
CA CO
KS MO KY
NC
TN
OK AR SC
AZ NM
MS AL GA
LA
TX
FL

HI AK
Northeast – $89.9 West – $85.5
South – $85.5 Midwest – $80.8

Mid-Atlantic – $92.0 New England – $84.6 West South Central – $82.2
South Atlantic – $88.8 West North Central – $83.1 East North Central – $79.7
Pacific – $88.1 Mountain – $82.3 East South Central – $77.4

VT
$57.2
ND CT
$64.5 $105.0
SD NJ
WY $59.2 $95.8
$53.5 MD
$95.8
DC
$95.8
VA
$100.4
NM
$64.8

Top 5 States by Salary
Bottom 5 States by Salary


The perceived robustness of business con- add network administration and develop-
ditions skews down for those industries ment skills (up from 28% in 2011). Expect to
previously mentioned, including nonprof- see increased interest levels in project man-
its, aerospace, education, and all levels of agement, business intelligence, and predic-
government (which accounts for 13% of tive analysis in 2012. CIOs who responded
respondents). Measuring present condi- to a recent Gartner survey ranked analytics
tions, only 41% of government respon- and business intelligence as their top pri-
dents reported seeing growth, compared orities for the year. Mobile technology and
to 60% of non-public sector respondents. cloud computing were also listed as critical.7
Public sector employees are twice as likely
to report declining expectations for the first Summary
half of 2012 (20% vs. 9% for non-public Despite the current shadow of slow econom-
sector). ic times, there remains a sense of optimism
among IT and business professionals. Busi-
The primary concerns facing respondents’ ness cycles rise and fall, and the majority of
organizations are the lagging economy and respondents believe their personal economic
the perception of increasing government conditions, as well as the conditions facing
regulation. Current economic consensus their companies, will improve in 2012.
leans towards continued limited growth,
which means companies may not benefit Respondents and their managers agree that
from a significant influx into their respec- training that leads to certification improves
tive markets. Growth will come from being job performance. This increase in employee
more customer-centric and being able to effectiveness is critical to note as budgets
respond to demands in the market. IT will begin to return to previous levels but remain
be tasked with staying flexible enough to under scrutiny. Skills are not the only ingre-
allow companies to compete more effec- dient to success in today’s fluid work envi-
tively.6 The strongly held opinion that there ronment. According to research by Leader-
are not enough resources to keep the ship ship IQ, 46% of new hires will fail in the first
afloat and sail in new directions will have 18 months of taking a new position. Nine
to be overcome by senior IT management. out of 10 of those failures will be for atti-
tudinal reasons, not lack of skill.8 The key,
Security and virtualization are on the then, to job security and increasing one’s
radar for skill sets to be added in 2012. In salary is improving personal job perfor-
respect to virtualization, the percentage mance both through enhancing the value
of respondents reporting this as a needed you bring to the table (skills) and through
skill increased from 25% in 2010 to 41% in adopting a mental state that promotes con-
2012. Security saw a similar increase in inter- tinued learning, collaboration, acceptance
est. Over one-third (38%) of respondents of feedback, coping with failure, and inno-
reported their organizations are looking to vative thinking.


Survey Methodology
The Global Knowledge/TechRepublic 2012 survey was conducted online from October 10 to November
18, 2011. More than one-half million survey invitations were e-mailed to recipients from the databases of
Global Knowledge, TechRepublic, and other partner companies. Links, including the survey invitation, also
were provided in online newsletters. The 2012 IT Salary and Skills Survey yielded more than 9,540 com-
pletes from around the globe with 76% coming from the United States and Canada. This online survey was
powered by Qualtrics and tabulated using SPSS.

About Global Knowledge
Global Knowledge is the worldwide leader in IT and business training. We deliver via training centers,
private facilities, and the Internet, enabling our customers to choose when, where, and how they want to
receive training programs and learning services. Our more than 1,200 courses span foundational and spe-
cialized training and certifications. Founded in 1995, Global Knowledge employs more than 1,300 people
worldwide and is headquartered in Cary, NC. The company is owned by New York-based investment firm
Mid-Ocean Partners. For more information, visit www.globalknowledge.com.

About TechRepublic
TechRepublic provides IT leaders and IT workers with resources to help meet the day-to-day demands for
best practices and decision support. TechRepublic’s members, representing all segments of the IT industry,
turn to the site for information, advice, and tools to help them perform at the highest level. Both an online
trade publication and a massive online community, TechRepublic provides IT professionals with the ulti-
mate peer-to-peer experience for information gathering and problem solving. Now part of CBS Interactive,
TechRepublic was founded in 1999 in Louisville, Kentucky, where its editorial team still has its headquarters
today. Visit www.techrepublic.com for more information.

About the Primary Researcher
Greg Timpany is the Senior Market Research Manager at Global Knowledge Training LLC. Greg has more
than 20 years of experience in the fields of market research, competitive intelligence, and database market-
ing. He has designed and implemented studies for both the consumer and business-to-business industry
spaces. In addition to conducting research, Greg is a published author and lecturer with a focus on the
effective use of marketing data. Prior to joining Global Knowledge, he held positions with Guitar Center,
Los Angeles Times, and Wilkin Guge Marketing. Greg holds an MBA in Information Systems and Marketing
from California State University, San Bernardino.


Notes

1. nn Bednarz, “65% of Hiring Managers Plan to Add IT Staff in 2012,” Occupational Hazards (blog),
A
Network World, December 7, 2011,
http://www.networkworld.com/community/blog/65-hiring-managers-plan-add-it-staff-2012.

2. atrick Thibodeau, “Surveys: IT Job Satisfaction Plummets to All-Time Low,” Computerworld, January 6,
P
2010,
http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9143194/Surveys_IT_job_satisfaction_plummets_to_all_time_low.

3. Richard Gordon, “Forecast Alert: IT Spending, Worldwide, 2008-2015, 4Q11 Update,” January 2, 2012,

http://www.gartner.com/technology/research/it-spending-forecast/.

4. ushing Anderson, “Impact of Training: Functional Excellence Leads to Operational Productivity,” Decem-
C
ber 2008, IDC #215762, vol. 1: 3.

5. C. Brett Lockard and Michael Wolf, “Occupational Employment Projections to 2020,” Monthly Labor

Review, US Bureau of Labor Statistics, US Department of Labor, special issue, Employment Outlook:
2010–2020, 135, no. 1 (2012): 84–109, http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2012/01/.

6. oger Roberts, Hugo Sarrazin, and Johnson Sikes, “Reshaping IT Management for Turbulent Times,”
R
McKinsey Quarterly, December 2010,
http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/Reshaping_IT_management_for_turbulent_times_2707.

7. Patrick Thibodeau, “The Top 10 Tech Priorities of CIOs,” Computerworld, January 18, 2012,

http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9223502/The_top_10_tech_priorities_of_CIOs.

8. Dan Schawbel, “Hire for Attitude,” Personal Branding (blog), January 23, 2012,

http://www.forbes.com/sites/danschawbel/2012/01/23/89-of-new-hires-fail-because-of-their-attitude/.


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