Business Service Semantics: Ontological Representation & Governance of Business Semantics in Compliant Service Networks
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The document discusses issues in service-oriented architecture (SOA) and emphasizes the need for a governance framework and ontological structure to enhance business service semantics for better value co-production in service networks. It critiques the enterprise-centric approach for its limitations in facilitating innovation and adaptability in business operations. Additionally, it outlines a proposed SDL-compliant upper model and its application in various contexts, particularly within the Flanders Research Information Space.
Business Service Semantics: Ontological Representation & Governance of Business Semantics in Compliant Service Networks
- 1. Business Service Semantics Ontological Representation & Governance of Business Semantics in Compliant Service Networks Pieter De Leenheer, Jorge Cardoso, Carlos Pedrinaci Thursday 7 February 13
- 2. Overview • Analyse problems with conceptual (software / business) service modelling • Set ontological and governance requirements for Business Service Semantics • Proposal for an SDL-compliant upper model • Application of the ontology in Flanders Research Information Space • Implementation in Collibra Data Governance Center product Thursday 7 February 13
- 3. The Problem of Service-oriented Architecture (SOA) • believed to be core enabling technology, however no large-scale adoption for our service economy • a componential approach inspired by product innovation: “bill of materials” and “urban architecture” ➡ clever idea but with lack of appreciation of inherent traits of service co-production: variety, intangibility, and coopetition • biased by the enterprise-centric vision, hence electronic business implementations: • rely on hierarchy of functional components, i.e.: Web services for exchange of data and functionality • enforce how to execute a certain business operation in a fixed pre-defined manner: time dependency and control flow ➡ good for automating EXECUTION but not for TRADING or INNOVATION ➡ ignores aspects related to the exchange of value: e.g., strategy, proposition, roles, resourcing, pricing, quality and (regulatory) compliance • complement SOA with value abstraction level: declare knowledge about what the business domain constitutes in terms of assets and relationships that allows to reactively adapt its role in changing value propositions. • Service-dominant marketing logic: ontological analysis of “service” as a perdurant (“action”), rather than an endurant (“object”).... Norman & Ramirez (1993): “the key strategic task is the reconfiguration of roles and relationships among this constellation of actors in order to mobilise the creation of value in new forms and by new players.” Thursday 7 February 13
- 4. The Problem with Business Modelling / Service Network Approaches Razo-Zapata, I.; De Leenheer, P.; Gordijn, J.; Akkermans, H. (2012) Service Network Approaches. In Barros, A.; Oberle, D. Handbook of Service Description: USDL and its Methods, Springer, pp. 45-74 Wiki- (Becker, decentralised relationship-driven organisation nomics Value 2009) • dotted circles: (Tapscott, 2008) Networks (Allee, e3service (de 2002) Kinderen, Servigu- • process-based ration (Baida, 2009) SNN (Bitsaki, 2008) Network-centric: 2006) • planning problem e3value Digital (Gordijn, METEOR Capital 2002) -S (2005) • solid circles: (Tapscott, 2000) Service u- Ontomat Architectu- • value-based Service (Agarwal, res (Booth, (Lee, 2004) 2004) REA 2011) (McCarthy, Dynami- • design problem 1982) (Razo- Zapata, CoS (Da Silva, BUSITAL 2011) 2011) ➡ slow tendency towards decentralised and automated (Gordijn et hierarchical process-driven organisation al., (Traverso CPC HICCS, , 2004) approaches (Letia, 2008) 2011) ➡ contamination of process-thinking Enterprise-centric: in network-centric approaches (Kohl- born, (Razo- Zapata et al., 2010) GVP BUSITAL, ➡ tacit business semantics (Zlatev, 2007) 2010) ➡ no governance O-WSP VBC (Omela- (Nakamu Value BMO ➡ Service Network Approaches Chain (Porter, (Oster- walder, yenko, 2006) ra, 2006 ) lonely at the top? 1985) 2004) ICT support: None Design Analysis Bundling Matching Composition Dynamic Composition Thursday 7 February 13
- 5. Service Value Networks Perspective An Service Value Network is a complex system of peers that establish the necessary relationships to collectively produce (hence co-produce) value (in terms of a real-world service) for their environment (Razo-Zapata, De Leenheer, & Gordijn, 2011). • service co- production, i.e. ”bundling” • in function of well-articulated needs => a service is a function f : Needs -> SVNs • reflects an acceptable trade-off between • value proposition (to maximize short-term profit) and • market accuracy (to minimize consumer sacrifice) • evaluating other value aspects (quality and compliance) requires “business service domain” semantics that: • provide intended - natural - interpretation of the “real world”: divergence/convergence • makes common sense, hence is declarative and grounded in upper SDL ontology • are agreed and shared by the right arrangement of roles and responsibilities (i.e., governance) Business Semantics Management Thursday 7 February 13
- 6. SDL-Compliant Upper-level Model Resource • inspired by Poels, FRISCO, Maglio Operant Operand controlled by / Resource Resource governance governance controlling execution Service acted upon by / acting upon Competency System Operand Resource part of / guarded by / guarding having part "Operant In Action" Circumstance Action acting in / acted upon by Organisation Individual Operant Resource part of / having part Actor role of / playing role of Elementary Composite Action Action integrating / integrated by value creation Service requiting Service System / requited by providing / provided by Thursday 7 February 13
- 7. Flanders Research Information Space http://www.researchportal.be/ • Boost innovation through • aggregating data and make it publicly available • 19683 projects • 1976 organisations • 13982 researchers • ... • multiple parties deliver • Enterprise Info. Mgt. • SOA (Attira) • Business Semantics (EuroCRIS, Collibra) • Business Artefacts (IBM Research, Collibra) • CERIF standard • Linked Data Approaches Thursday 7 February 13
- 8. Characteristics of the FRIS Ecosystem • Participatory • Equally privileged • Act autonomously • Interdependence • Distributed • Long Life Cycles • Governance Levels • Variability • Authentic Resources project mgt. funding programme mgt. © courtesy of G. Van Grootel, EWI Thursday 7 February 13
- 9. FRIS Ontology Instantiation Service System Organisation Semantic Speech Community Individual: Community "FRIS" having part / part of "VUB" having part / part of "John" "Individual in Service" providing / provided by controlling / controlling / acting in / controlled by controlled by acted upon by expressed by / expressing Service: Concept Vocabulary playing role of / "Project" "Define Project "Project" role of Vocabulary" Actor: acted upon by / acting upon "Business Steward" Operand Resource Circumstance: "Define Proposal providing / provided by guarded by / guarding Vocabulary Ended" Thursday 7 February 13
- 10. Data Governance Center Thursday 7 February 13
- 11. Further Reading • SDL-compliant upper-level model highlighting extension points for • value creation: Razo-Zapata, I.; De Leenheer, P.; Gordijn, J.; Akkermans, H. (2012) Fuzzy Verification of Service Value Networks. In Proc. of the International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE 2012), Springer LNCS 7328, pp. 95-110 • execution: Limonad, L.; De Leenheer, P.; Linehan, M.; Hull, R.; Vaculín, R. (2012) Ontology of Dynamic Entities. In Proc. of 31st International Conference on Conceptual Modeling (ER 2012), LNCS, Springer • more on FRIS: Debruyne, C.; De Leenheer, P. (2012) Insights in Business Semantics Management: Case Studies drawn from the Flemish Public Administration. In Aufaure, M.-A.; Zimanyí, E. (eds.) Handbook for the Second European Business Intelligence Summer School (eBISS 2012), LNBIP, Springer • can we automatically reconfigure Actor role played by Operant that acts in a Services in response to quality or compliance issues ? • De Leenheer, P. and Debruyne, C. (2009) Towards Social Performance Indicators for Community-based Ontology Evolution. In Proc. of ISWC Workshop on Collaborative Construction, Management and Linking of Structured Knowledge (CK2009) Thursday 7 February 13