The document defines topological sorting as a linear ordering of the vertices in a directed acyclic graph (DAG) such that if there is a path from vertex vi to vk, then vi appears before vk in the ordering. It provides an algorithm for finding a topological sort by initializing an array, finding vertices of degree zero, adding them to the array, and removing outgoing edges. It also describes an algorithm for enumerating all possible topological sorts by computing indegree counts and pushing vertices with indegree of zero onto a stack.