250 global powers_deloitte_2013

Global Powers
of Retailing 2013
Retail Beyond

Retail perspectives
from Deloitte.

Retail Globalization: Navigating the maze Sustainability in Consumer Business: A story of growth
The realities of going global Placing sustainability at the core of what you do

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Contents

Global economic outlook G4

The Future of Retail G9

Global Powers of Retailing Top 250 highlights G19

Global Powers of Retailing geographical analysis G21

Global Powers of Retailing product sector analysis G25

Top 250 newcomers G27

Emerging markets fuel Fastest 50 G28

Q ratio analysis for Global Powers G31

Study methodology and data sources G33

Consumer Business contacts G34

www.deloitte.com/consumerbusiness
www.deloitte.com/consumerbusiness January 2013
January 2013 G3

Global economic outlook
The economic situation for retailers

Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited (DTTL), in conjunction with STORES Media, is
pleased to present the 16th annual Global Powers of Retailing. This report identifies the
250 largest retailers around the world based on publicly available data for fiscal 2011
(encompassing companies’ fiscal years ended through June 2012). The report also provides
an outlook for the global economy, trends for retailers to consider in the coming months and
an analysis of market capitalization in the retail industry.

Each time it appears that the global economy is about to accelerate, This means that lenders require a risk premium in order to provide
something happens to throw a wrench into the wheels of growth. credit in countries perceived as being at risk, including Spain,
In the past year, that wrench has been the crisis in the Eurozone. Portugal, Italy and Greece. The result is a decline in credit market
With much of Europe in recession, European demand for imported activity in these countries. Third, the EU has compelled banks to
goods has declined, thereby having a negative impact on many recapitalize through reductions in lending and the sale of assets.
of the world’s leading economies. It is often forgotten that the Again, the impact is to discourage private credit market activity.
EU remains the world’s largest economy—indeed, larger than the Finally, the huge uncertainty about the economic future of Europe
United States and of great importance to global commerce. has led businesses to curtail capital spending.

In the past year we have seen the economies of the United Meanwhile, negotiations continue on the best path forward for the
States, China, Japan, India and Brazil decelerate as the long arm Eurozone. There is general agreement that failure would entail huge
of the European crisis has reached across the globe. Moreover, and unacceptable costs in the form of a severe economic downturn.
the slowdown in these critical economies influenced economic Thus, the Eurozone must be fixed—but how? The consensus view
performance in their neighborhoods. For example, many economies is that the Eurozone requires three forms of integration to succeed.
in East Asia have been negatively influenced by the slowdown in First, there needs to be a banking union with a central authority to
China. supervise and recapitalize banks. Negotiations have been underway
among EU members to achieve this goal, and EU leadership hopes
Observers who speak of the end of globalization are wrong, as are to achieve a banking union in 2013.
those who believe that the fate of emerging economies is no longer
tied to that of developed economies. Thus, what happens in Europe Second, some mechanism will be needed to assure sovereign
in the coming year will likely have a significant impact on the rest of debt repayment that is not overly onerous for member countries.
the world. Currently, efforts at fiscal consolidation are backfiring in that they
are suppressing economic activity, thus leading to reduced tax
Likewise, what happens in the United States and China will also be revenue and still large fiscal deficits. If Eurozone debt could be
of great importance. Barring a fiscal convulsion, the U.S. economy consolidated, shared or replaced by Eurobonds, repayment would
is likely to accelerate in the coming year, which will have a modest be far easier – especially if a dedicated stream of revenue could
positive impact on global growth. China has avoided a hard be secured to fund debt servicing. However, opponents fear that
landing through a combination of monetary and fiscal stimulus, without a central authority with the power to enforce fiscal probity,
and stronger growth is likely in 2013. In both economies, however, such debt consolidation would be a bottomless pit.
structural changes are underway that will influence the path of the
global economy. Finally, some form of fiscal and political union will probably be
needed, making the Eurozone more like a single national entity
Western Europe rather than simply a fragmented monetary union. The problem is
As of this writing, much of Western Europe is in recession. that such a move is politically difficult and would likely take decades
This results from several factors. First, nearly every country on to evolve. Yet Europe has a few years at most to achieve this goal
the continent is cutting its fiscal deficit through tax increases and before the whole enterprise unravels.
spending reductions, which has a negative impact on economic
activity. Second, the fear that the Eurozone will fail has led to a
perception of currency risk within the Eurozone.

G4 January 2013 www.deloitte.com/consumerbusiness

It is often forgotten that the
EU remains the world’s largest
economy—indeed, larger than
the United States and of great
importance to global commerce.

www.deloitte.com/consumerbusiness January 2013 G5

What is the alternative? For the time being, it would be to simply China
muddle along from one crisis to another, with slow economic By late 2012, China’s economy appeared to be turning the corner
growth and continued economic uncertainty. Yet such a situation following a rough year of decelerating growth. The main problem
cannot last indefinitely. Failure to grow could ultimately lead voters was exports, with Europe as the main culprit. By mid-2012, exports
to reject political parties that favor the continuation of the Eurozone. to the EU were down 12.7 percent from a year earlier. Chinese
In the long run, failure is the only real alternative to further imports were down as well, partly due to declining commodity
integration. What would the failure entail? prices, but also reflecting weakening demand in China. Industrial
production was up a relatively modest amount in 2012. This meant
The collapse of the Eurozone would likely begin with a sovereign that China’s economy became weaker than had been expected. The
default. This would lead to the exit of the defaulting country from worry was that the much-anticipated soft landing would turn into a
the Eurozone and its inability to tap ECB funding or other forms of hard landing, which now appears unlikely.
external finance. A severe recession would ensue. Such an event
would have a contagious and negative impact on financial markets, Meanwhile, the weakness in the industrial sector had a negative
possibly leading to the exhaustion of existing bailout facilities as impact on investment into China. Investors moved money out
other countries find it difficult to tap into capital markets. If, at of China, perhaps as a result of declining profitability of Chinese
that point, the EU failed to quickly integrate, it is likely that other companies and pessimism about the Chinese economy.
sovereign defaults would take place. This would probably lead
to a seizing of credit markets, the printing of new currencies, an One effect of the weakening industrial sector is a decline in Chinese
increase in inflation and a sharp drop in economic activity across company profitability. Corporate revenue continues to increase,
Europe. Moreover, a deeper recession in Europe would surely have but export-oriented companies are struggling to maintain sales by
a significant negative impact on the global economy. After all, cutting prices. The result is weak profitability.
the modest recession in which Europe now finds itself has already
slowed economic growth in such important economies as the To deal with the slowdown in economic activity, the government
United States and China. has taken a variety of actions. The central bank has cut the
benchmark interest rate and has reduced banks’ required reserves,
It bears noting that there are some positive things happening in thereby boosting bank lending. In addition, the government has
Europe today. First, the value of the euro has fallen significantly in increased public investment in infrastructure. The result of these
the past few years, leading to increased competitiveness on the measures has been positive. Bank lending has increased, although
part of European exports. In addition, wage restraints combined not as much as had been hoped. The rise in credit market activity is
with productivity improvements in Southern Europe have helped to very likely due to the recent cuts in interest rates and the reduction
restore some of the lost competitiveness that was at the heart of the in banks’ required reserves. Indeed, the broad money supply has
crisis in the first place. accelerated as well. The question now is whether the government
will choose to take further actions aimed at stimulating the
Second, the European Central Bank has promised to undertake economy. With a change of leadership in late 2012, major decisions
unlimited purchases of sovereign debt from countries that submit may be put on hold until the new leaders have time to assess the
to conditional bailouts from Europe’s new bailout facility. Just the situation.
existence of this promise, which has not yet been implemented,
has been sufficient to significantly lower sovereign bond yields Longer term, China faces some serious challenges:
for countries like Spain and Italy. The ECB program has drastically
reduced the risk of imminent failure, thereby buying time for Europe • irst, too much of China’s economic activity has taken the form
F
to engage in longer-term solutions. of investment in fixed assets like factories, shopping centers,
apartment complexes, office buildings and highways. This
Nevertheless, many problems remain. As of this writing, there is accounts for 48 percent of GDP. Much investment has had
concern about Spain’s ability to roll over existing debts and fund negative returns, resulting in large losses for state-run banks.
troubled banks and regional governments. One such government, Such investment fails to boost growth and represents a serious
Catalonia, now threatens to secede from Spain if it doesn’t obtain imbalance in the economy. Normal, sustainable growth will
a better fiscal deal from the central government. Meanwhile, come from shifting resources away from investment and toward
Greece has obtained the latest tranche of bailout money after consumer spending. To accomplish this goal, China will have
promising to reform labor markets. But many observers doubt the to privatize state-run banks and companies, liberalize credit
deal is sustainable and believe that, ultimately, Greece will require markets, allow more currency appreciation and further increases
significant forgiveness from sovereign holders of its debt. in labor compensation and provide a greater safety net in order to
discourage high saving.


• econd, China’s demographics are changing rapidly. Labor force
S Exports not directed at Europe are performing well, the result of
growth is slowing, which will result in slower economic growth. It a weak dollar and improved competitiveness on the part of U.S.
will also create a shortage of labor, thus boosting wages—indeed, manufacturers. Moreover, with increasing supply and reduced prices
this is already happening. The result is that China’s vast pool of of natural gas, U.S. energy-intensive companies are becoming even
cheap labor is dwindling, and along with it the cost advantage for more competitive.
global manufacturers. In fact, the wage differential with Mexico
for manufacturing workers has nearly disappeared. Consequently, Assuming that the U.S. fiscal cliff is avoided, and assuming that
many manufacturers are shifting export-oriented production out the Eurozone does not collapse and does not experience a severe
of China and into countries like Mexico and Vietnam. economic downturn, then it seems likely that 2013 will be a
moderately good year for the U.S. economy. Growth should pick up,
• hird, China’s next phase of growth will require better human
T inflation should remain subdued and the policy environment might
capital, more efficient capital markets and freer flow of even be less rancorous following the surprisingly decisive nature of
information. These attributes will require economic and political the November elections. But what can retailers and their suppliers
reforms that will challenge the perks of China’s elite. As such, it expect longer term from the U.S. economic environment?
will be politically difficult.
First, the growth in 2012 came largely from consumers rather than
United States exporters. This is not how the recovery began in 2009 and is certainly
As of early December, negotiations were under way to avoid the not what one should expect going forward. Consumer spending
so-called “fiscal cliff” which involves large automatic tax increases remains an unusually—and probably unsustainably—high share of
and spending cuts. If the United States was to go over that cliff, GDP following the debt-fueled boom of the last decade. Now, as
a recession would almost surely ensue. Most analysts expect that consumers continue to deleverage and banks continue their effort
the cliff will be avoided and that a longer-term budget deal will be to restore healthy balance sheets, it seems unlikely that consumer
reached in early 2013. It is expected that such a deal will entail some spending can again grow as fast as it did in recent years. Rather,
revenue increases and some spending reductions, phased in over consumer spending is likely to decline as a share of GDP while exports
several years, with the goal of stabilizing the U.S. debt-to-GDP ratio and business investment boost their share. The stage is already set.
over time. Assuming this scenario plays out, here is how the U.S. U.S. manufacturers are already more competitive due to a declining
economy is likely to perform in 2013. dollar, declining relative energy prices, improved labor and productivity.
Moreover, U.S. companies that sell or distribute consumer goods and
The economy will probably grow a bit faster than it did in 2012. services now recognize that their future growth depends on going
By late 2012, it was apparent that U.S. consumer spending and global. They are increasingly focused on emerging markets due to the
the housing market were showing signs of modest improvement. expectation that these markets will account for a disproportionate
Consumers have experienced several positive factors lately. share of global growth in the coming decade.
Among these are a substantially reduced level of debt and debt
service payments, thereby significantly improving consumer cash Second, much has been written about the continued skewing of
flow; increased wealth through good performance of the equity income distribution in the United States. It continues apace, and
market; accelerating employment growth and steady, if very higher taxes on the wealthy will do little to offset this trend. The
modest, income growth; and, finally, much increased confidence causes are many, but an imbalance in the labor market between
as measured by the leading indices of consumer confidence. All the skills demanded and those supplied is the principal culprit. A
of this conspired to create modest growth of consumer spending, shortage of skilled labor is boosting compensation for the highly
especially on automobiles. In addition, the housing market has educated while a surplus of unskilled workers is suppressing
gone from severe negative influence on economic growth to compensation for everyone else. The result is hugely important for
modest positive influence. Activity in the housing market has turned retailers and their suppliers. We are already witnessing a bifurcation
around, although it remains far below the levels reached during of the consumer market, with upper-end sellers focused on offering
the last economic expansion. Home prices have risen, construction clearly differentiated, high-quality goods in the context of a superior
has accelerated and turnover among new and existing homes has customer experience while other sellers focus on offering the lowest
increased – all creating the conditions for more spending on things price.
related to the home.
Finally, a very positive aspect to the U.S. outlook concerns energy.
Of course, 2012 saw significant negative factors as well. The Due to a massive increase in production of natural gas and oil
recession in Europe led to a decline in U.S. exports to Europe and, through new technologies, the United States is expected to
consequently, to a sharp slowdown in the growth of industrial become the world’s largest producer of hydrocarbons by the end
output. Moreover, concerns about Europe and uncertainty about its of the decade and a net exporter of energy. This will have several
future caused U.S. companies to cut back on capital spending. The implications. First, low energy prices will boost U.S. manufacturing
result was a slowdown in the growth of economic activity in mid- competitiveness. Second, there will be a sizable improvement in the
2012 and, indeed, renewed fears of a double-dip recession. Yet it trade balance. Third, investment in energy will boost employment
appears as of this writing that the economy is doing better, despite significantly. Finally, the switch from coal to natural gas will
the headwinds from Europe. significantly reduce carbon emissions.


Japan Emerging markets
Japan’s economy has been mostly sluggish for some time, despite The slowdown in the global economy has taken a toll on many, but
the increased government spending on reconstruction following not all, emerging markets.
the earthquake and tsunami of 2011. Although there have been
periodic bursts of economic activity like the 5.5 percent growth rate In Brazil, the slowdown in exports to Europe and China, combined
in the first quarter of 2012, growth has mostly been disappointing. with the lagged effect of monetary policy tightening, led to a
In addition, compensation continues to decline, with total wages to substantial slowdown in growth in 2011 and 2012. To combat this,
workers in Japan in mid-2012 only marginally higher than in 1991. Brazil’s central bank began a process of aggressive interest rate cuts
This means, of course, that unit labor costs are declining, thereby starting in late 2011 and continuing through the autumn of 2012.
improving the competitiveness of Japanese products, but that is In all, the benchmark interest rate was cut by more than 500 basis
largely offset by the negative impact of a highly valued yen. On the points, resulting in the lowest rate ever recorded. In addition, the
other hand, declining wages contribute to declining purchasing government began a process of fiscal stimulus in 2012 that entailed
power and stagnant consumer spending. It also contributes to tax cuts and spending increases. The result is expected to be a
deflation, which remains a serious problem in Japan. pickup in growth in 2013. The only problem is that this stimulatory
policy was implemented even as inflation remained higher than
To combat deflation, the Bank of Japan has set a formal inflation desired. Therefore, in November, the central bank decided to
target of 1 percent. Yet prices continue to decline despite a more stabilize interest rates and wait for inflation to decelerate before
aggressive monetary policy. For the past year, the Bank of Japan has implementing further stimulus. In addition, the radical reduction
engaged in quantitative easing, whereby the Bank purchases assets in the benchmark rate helped to keep the currency from rising
like government bonds in order to inject liquidity into the economy. too far, thus reducing the risk that manufactured exports would
The idea is to boost the money supply, thereby creating some become less competitive. As for Brazil’s consumer market, it remains
inflation. Other goals include keeping market interest rates low and reasonably healthy. The biggest risk comes from a relatively high
putting downward pressure on the value of the yen. However, the level of consumer debt.
policy has yet to result in any inflation. This raises a question as to
whether the amount of quantitative easing is sufficient. In India, growth declined in 2012 as well. Yet unlike in Brazil,
India’s central bank has remained focused on inflation, even at the
Meanwhile, many indicators suggest that the health of the Japanese cost of delaying economic recovery. Much to the chagrin of the
economy is not improving. The well-known Tankan survey, which government and many businesses, the central bank has kept the
measures confidence among manufacturers, declined throughout benchmark interest rate relatively high, awaiting a drop in inflation.
much of 2012. In addition, exports declined, industrial production Meanwhile, the economy suffered in 2012 from the impact of a
fell and purchasing managers’ indices for both manufacturing and global slowdown as well as the effect of weak business confidence.
services were down. To restore confidence and set the stage for faster growth in the
future, the government proposed a series of major reforms aimed
At a time when the Japanese economy hardly needs bad news, the at boosting productivity. Among these was liberalization of foreign
political dispute between Japan and China over a group of islands investment in retailing. As of this writing, it is not clear whether the
is having a real impact on the economy. Japan’s major automotive government will be successful in implementing its reform agenda.
company sales in China have fallen sharply. While the vehicles are Elections must take place no later than 2014, and they may help to
mostly assembled in China, many of their parts are made in Japan. clarify the direction of policy.
Consequently, if this dispute results in a sustained decline in Chinese
demand for Japanese products, it could have real consequences for In Russia, the economy continues to grow modestly, but high
Japan’s already troubled industrial sector. inflation led the central bank to raise interest rates. External
weakness has been offset by strong domestic demand, but higher
For retailers, the economic situation in Japan suggests continued interest rates may hurt domestically driven growth – especially
weak sales growth and declining prices. Even if there are changes business investment and interest sensitive consumer spending.
in economic policy, it will take time for them to work their way In addition, government incentives for consumer spending have
through to consumer behavior. Therefore, retailers should not expired as the government seeks to reduce its deficit. Thus the
expect much strength of demand in 2013. Longer term, Japan outlook for economic growth is modest at best.
faces challenging demographics, a continued strong yen, continued
deflation or low inflation and a lack of economic reforms that would Despite the weakness in the BRIC economies, some parts of the
improve the efficiency of the distribution system. Thus, retailers in world have managed to grow strongly. These include the Andean
Japan are likely to seek growth outside of the home market. Still, countries of South America, much of sub-Saharan Africa and some
Japan remains a very affluent society. For global retailers looking to countries in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia and the Philippines.
tap into fat wallets, Japan will remain an attractive if slow-growing As the global economy ultimately recovers, these regions stand to
market. benefit. Moreover, they are immensely attractive to the world’s top
retailers. This is because they are likely to experience strong growth,
have limited modern retailing and are likely to see an expansion of
the middle class which drives modern retail.


The Future of Retail

Retail Beyond Retailers are faced with the challenge of engaging customers on
The retail industry is in the midst of a customer revolution. more than just price. They must make shopping across all channels a
The collision of the virtual and physical worlds is fundamentally more stimulating and satisfying experience, rather than simply a way
changing consumers’ purchasing behaviors. Consumers are seeking to find the lowest price for a particular product. New competitors
an integrated shopping experience across all channels, and expect are disrupting the market and capturing valuable market share
retailers to deliver this experience. Failure to deliver puts retailers through innovative business models. Many companies are now
at risk of becoming irrelevant. The key drivers of this customer seeking to become vertically integrated by controlling the whole
revolution are the rapid adoption of mobile devices, digital media supply chain. As a result of a vertically integrated value chain, a
and tablets equipped with shopping apps. In fact, the number of new generation of e-commerce players is bringing high-quality
smartphone users in the United States will rise to 159 million by products from the warehouse directly to consumers at significantly
2015 from just 82 million in 2010.1 Traditional retailers must find lower prices.3 Hence, retailers must respond to new competition by
opportunities to seamlessly embed the virtual world into their retail enabling digital experiences that improve both the store and virtual
strategy by developing in-store and online technologies that allow experience for the customer. Equally important, they must find a
them to create and maintain meaningful and sincere connections path to success that not only addresses the needs of their customers
with customers across all channels. today but is also flexible enough to continually evolve with customer
interests and expectations. The customer revolution and the future
The Future of Retail Has Arrived of retail have arrived. Retailers must respond now or risk facing
The retail paradigm has shifted from a single physical connection obsolescence.
point with customers to a multi-pronged approach that crosses
both physical and digital channels. The traditional bricks-and-mortar Retail’s Path to Relevance
retail store is no longer the dominant medium for purchasing Adopt a single strategy and vision across channels
goods. Instead, it serves as one of many potential connection Today’s consumer is increasingly connected to both the physical
points between customers and a retailer’s brand. As one industry and digital space and able to interact with retailers through multiple
observer has noted, “While physical stores may have once enjoyed channels simultaneously. To stay competitive in this ever-evolving
the advantage of crafting cool shopping experiences, the aesthetics landscape, it is imperative for retailers to deliver a seamless customer
of the iPad and all the social sharing surrounding online shopping experience across all channels and provide the right services and
today are now shifting that advantage to online retailers.”2 products at the right time. Specifically, retailers must develop an
However, many retailers are struggling to take advantage of the integrated strategy that aligns talent, physical space, processes,
increasing number of channels available to them for connecting marketing and merchandising to meet consumer demands. This
with customers. Further, they are neglecting to make appropriate strategy should be supported by emerging technologies and
investments in technology, operations and talent that would continually adapted to remain relevant to the customer of tomorrow.
better equip them for seizing control of these channels. Retailers’
technology can be disparate and fragmented, and multiple physical A robust retail strategy must include:
locations can drive an unsustainable cost structure that is not
flexible and often underperforms. Additionally, employees often lack • strong vision of the experience the customer desires across all
A
the knowledge, training and tools necessary to facilitate a shopping channels.
experience that engages customers across a variety of channels and
extends beyond the traditional shopping experience. As a result, • nimble operating model that can adapt as the retail environment
A
many retailers are falling behind in the race to offer a unique and changes.
comprehensive experience with their brand that keeps pace with
customers’ ever-evolving attitudes and expectations. • deep understanding of how to support the vision through
A
inventive digital solutions and retail technologies, such as
playbooks to operationalize the omni-channel strategy.

Create a Relevant Customer Experience
The transformation of the retail store begins with a deep
1 http://www.internetretailer.com/mobile/2012/03/01/ understanding of the customer and a strategy to personalize the
smartphone-adoption-soars-46-february experience at every point of interaction. The most appropriate
2 http://techcrunch.com/2012/09/29/
the-next-big-e-commerce-wave-vertically-integrated-commerce/ technologies should be leveraged to enhance the experience in both
3 http://techcrunch.com/2012/09/29/ the physical store and digital world.
the-next-big-e-commerce-wave-vertically-integrated-commerce/


Mobile commerce is an important channel for many retailers; Innovate
however, its application can and should be extended from merely an It is time for retailers to push the boundaries in delivering a connected
online sales alternative to a tool that drives meaningful connections customer experience, and they can start with three key areas:
between the brand and the consumer. Mobile currently contributes
5.1 percent of total retail sales and will increase exponentially to
reach 17-21 percent ($628-$752 billion) of total sales by 2016.4 Figure 1
Moreover, customers who access a retailer’s app while shopping
have a 21 percent higher conversion rate.5 New • Position your talent as brand ambassadors.
talent • quip them with smartphones and train them to be
E
strategies technology savvy.
Social commerce is another critical part of the customer experience • mpower them to use Twitter, Facebook or text messaging
E
and digitally savvy retailers will devote taskforces to supporting their to connect with customers.

social media strategy. Proper management of Facebook, Twitter and Change • volve the physical space as a primary point of brand
E
other media is vital. To keep customers engaged, retailers should the contact to one of many points of contact.
physical • mbrace the virtual environment as a connection point to
E
also consider including a social element in their mobile apps.6 The
space your brand from anywhere and at any time.
most successful retailers will maintain locally relevant Facebook, • ransform the physical space to a compelling customer
T
Twitter and other social media pages, and will also look to the next experience instead of a place to transact.
• valuate your real estate strategy as the need for large
E
big development in social media.
physical spaces may be minimized by the influence of virtual.

How Do Retailers Prepare? Emerging • Embrace technology and be an early adopter.
solutions • nhance the customer experience and support sales
E
Invest in the Core associates in delivering desired service models.
Addressing today’s connected consumers may require structural • se real-time data to provide relevant real-time promotions
U
changes to the retail organization in order to deliver a seamless to further personalize the shopping experience.

experience across channels and drive competitive differentiation for
your brand. The key is flexibility. With the increasing occurrence of
channel overlap and the pace at which new applications and devices Continually evaluate performance
are brought to market, the future leaders of retail will be those There is no silver bullet or single solution. Retailers must commit
who can quickly embrace operational changes brought about by to making change the “new normal” in their operating model,
new technologies and anticipate integration of emerging solutions and this means continual evaluation and analysis of their business
that have not yet been invented. A flexible IT infrastructure needs to determine if they are delivering on the customer experience.
to integrate existing and emerging applications and devices, and Thorough collection and analysis of customer data will give
should be channel-agnostic. With 60 percent of smartphone owners retailers the best chance to understand, anticipate and adapt to
reporting their use in in-store shopping, retailers that invest early in the continuous change that comes with the connected consumer.
flexibility and in aligning their business around the customer, rather Information is king, and the use of predictive analytics can help
than the channel, can become leaders in an environment in which it retailers gain deeper insight into the value that is being generated
is becoming increasingly harder to play catch-up.7 for their customers through their own operating model, and provide
them with leading indicators of the experience desired by the
constantly evolving connected consumer.

4 Deloitte Digital, The Dawn of Mobile Influence
5 Deloitte Digital, The Dawn of Mobile Influence
6 L2 Specialty Retail Digital IQ Index.” L2 Think Tank, August 23, 2011
“
http://www.l2thinktank.com/research/specialty-retail-2011/
7 Mobile Retailing POV: “The Dawn of Mobile Influence”


Top 250 global retailers 2011

2011
Retail 2011 2011 group # countries 2006-2011
revenue retail group net of retail
rank Country of revenue revenue¹ income¹ Dominant operational format operation revenue
(FY11) Name of company origin (US$m) (US$m) (US$m) 2011 2011 CAGR²
1 Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. U.S. 446,950 446,950 16,387 Hypermarket/Supercenter/ 28 5.1%
Superstore
2 Carrefour S.A. France 113,197 115,277 563 Hypermarket/Supercenter/ 33 0.9%
Superstore
3 Tesco PLC U.K. 101,574 103,244 4,502 Hypermarket/Supercenter/ 13 8.3%
Superstore
4 Metro AG Germany 92,905 92,905 1,032 Cash Carry/Warehouse Club 33 2.2%

5 The Kroger Co. U.S. 90,374 90,374 596 Supermarket 1 6.5%

6 Costco Wholesale Corporation U.S. 88,915 88,915 1,542 Cash Carry/Warehouse Club 9 8.1%

7 Schwarz Unternehmens Treuhand KG Germany 87,841 87,841 n/a Discount Store 26 8.0%

8 Aldi Einkauf GmbH Co. oHG Germany 73,375 e 73,375 e n/a Discount Store 17 5.5%

9 Walgreen Co. U.S. 72,184 72,184 2,714 Drug Store/Pharmacy 2 8.8%

10 The Home Depot, Inc. U.S. 70,395 70,395 3,883 Home Improvement 5 -2.3%

11 Target Corporation U.S. 68,466 69,865 2,929 Discount Department Store 1 3.4%

12 Groupe Auchan SA France 60,515 61,804 1,194 Hypermarket/Supercenter/ 12 4.8%
Superstore
13 Aeon Co., Ltd. Japan 60,158 ** 66,014 ** 1,147 Hypermarket/Supercenter/ 9 1.5%
Superstore
14 CVS Caremark Corp. U.S. 59,599 107,100 3,457 Drug Store/Pharmacy 2 8.1%

15 Edeka Zentrale AG Co. KG Germany 59,460 ** 63,458 ** n/a Supermarket 1 6.1%

16 Seven i Holdings Co., Ltd. Japan 57,966 ** 60,691 ** 1,782 Convenience/Forecourt Store 18 -2.2%

17 Woolworths Limited Australia 54,614 57,077 1,877 Supermarket 2 5.0%

18 Wesfarmers Limited Australia 52,208 59,980 2,196 Supermarket 2 59.2%

19 Rewe Combine Germany 51,331 ** 56,123 ** 371 Supermarket 11 6.4%

20 Best Buy Co., Inc. U.S. 50,705 50,705 22 Electronics Specialty 13 7.1%

21 Lowe’s Companies, Inc. U.S. 50,208 50,208 1,839 Home Improvement 4 1.4%

22 Casino Guichard-Perrachon S.A. France 47,107 e**
47,859 **
1,033 Hypermarket/Supercenter/ 26 8.9%
Superstore
23 Amazon.com, Inc. U.S. 46,491 48,077 631 Non-Store 10 34.8%

24 Centres Distributeurs E. Leclerc France 45,407 e**
56,549 g**
n/a Hypermarket/Supercenter/ 7 5.7%
Superstore
25 Safeway Inc. U.S. 42,758 e 43,630 ** 518 Supermarket 3 1.7%

26 Koninklijke Ahold N.V Netherlands 42,163 42,163 1,417 Supermarket 11 0.5%

27 Sears Holdings Corp. U.S. 41,567 41,567 -3,147 Department Store 3 -4.7%

28 ITM Développement International France 37,050 e** 51,535 g** n/a Supermarket 8 3.2%
(Intermarché )

29 J Sainsbury plc U.K. 35,600 35,600 955 Supermarket 1 5.7%

30 The IKEA Group (INGKA Holding B.V.) Netherlands 34,314 34,971 4,134 Other Specialty 39 7.4%

31 Loblaw Companies Limited Canada 31,070 ** 31,624 ** 778 Hypermarket/Supercenter/ 1 1.4%
Superstore

32 Delhaize Group SA Belgium 29,415 ** 29,415 ** 662 Supermarket 11 1.9%

33 Wm Morrison Supermarkets PLC U.K. 28,300 28,300 1,106 Supermarket 1 7.2%

34 Grupo Pão de Açúcar Brazil 27,988 27,988 432 Electronics Specialty 1 27.4%

¹ evenue and net income for the parent company or
R e = estimate ne = not in existence (created by merger or divestiture)
group may include results from non-retail operations g = gross turnover as reported by company * Revenue reflects wholesale sales
² Compound annual growth rate n/a = not available ** Revenue includes wholesale and retail sales



2011
35 SuperValu Inc. U.S. 27,906 36,100 ** -1,040 Supermarket 1 -0.1%

36 Publix Super Markets, Inc. U.S. 27,179 27,179 1,492 Supermarket 1 4.5%

37 Macy’s, Inc. U.S. 26,405 **
26,405 **
1,256 Department Store 3 -0.4%

38 Rite Aid Corporation U.S. 26,121 26,121 -369 Drug Store/Pharmacy 1 8.3%

39 Migros-Genossenschafts Bund Switzerland 25,352 e**
28,146 **
750 Supermarket 3 5.7%

40 Yamada Denki Co., Ltd. Japan 23,483 23,483 738 Electronics Specialty 2 5.1%

41 Système U, Centrale Nationale France 23,316 e** 29,403 g** n/a Supermarket 3 6.2%

42 The TJX Companies, Inc. U.S. 23,191 23,191 1,496 Apparel/Footwear Specialty 7 5.9%

43 Alimentation Couche-Tard Inc. Canada 22,998 22,998 458 Convenience/Forecourt Store 10 13.7%

44 Mercadona, S.A. Spain 22,910 22,910 660 Supermarket 1 7.8%

45 LVMH Moët Hennessy- France 20,760 e 32,953 4,826 Other Specialty 87 11.7%
Louis Vuitton S.A.
46 Coop Group Switzerland 20,065 e 30,163 ** 570 Supermarket 5 4.9%

47 Inditex, S.A. Spain 19,157 ** 19,157 ** 2,702 Apparel/Footwear Specialty 87 11.0%

48 Lotte Shopping Co., Ltd. S. Korea 19,077 20,250 921 Hypermarket/Supercenter/ 5 17.1%
Superstore
49 Kohl’s Corporation U.S. 18,804 18,804 1,167 Department Store 1 3.9%

50 AS Watson Company, Ltd. Hong Kong SAR 18,444 18,444 n/a Drug Store/Pharmacy 36 7.7%

51 H.E. Butt Grocery Company U.S. 17,598 17,598 n/a Supermarket 2 6.6%

52 Kingfisher plc U.K. 17,354 17,354 1,024 Home Improvement 8 4.5%

53 J. C. Penney Company, Inc. U.S. 17,260 17,260 -152 Department Store 2 -2.8%

54 El Corte Inglés, S.A. Spain 17,143 21,860 291 Department Store 4 -2.5%

55 H M Hennes Mauritz AB Sweden 16,974 16,974 2,441 Apparel/Footwear Specialty 43 10.0%

56 Coop Italia Italy 16,787 e 18,246 n/a Supermarket 1 2.0%

57 Groupe Adeo SA France 16,157 16,157 n/a Home Improvement 13 11.6%

58 Empire Company Limited/Sobeys Canada 16,135 16,330 354 Supermarket 1 4.3%

59 Bailian (Brilliance) Group China 15,930 e
18,317 g
n/a Supermarket 1 11.4%

60 Marks Spencer Group Plc U.K. 15,863 15,863 782 Department Store 40 3.0%

61 X5 Retail Group N.V. Russia 15,455 15,455 302 Discount Store 2 40.7%

62 Isetan Mitsukoshi Holdings Ltd. Japan 15,373 15,710 755 Department Store 9 ne

63 Cencosud S.A. Chile 14,967 15,744 621 Supermarket 5 20.0%

64 Staples, Inc. U.S. 14,966 e 25,022 984 Other Specialty 14 4.0%

65 Gome Home Appliance Group China 14,923 e 17,046 g n/a Electronics Specialty 3 22.4%

66 Louis Delhaize S.A. Belgium 14,809 e
14,809 e
Superstore
67 Dollar General Corporation U.S. 14,807 14,807 767 Discount Store 1 10.1%

68 The Gap, Inc. U.S. 14,549 **
14,549 **
833 Apparel/Footwear Specialty 41 -1.8%

69 Suning Appliance Co. Ltd. China 14,549 14,549 757 Electronics Specialty 3 29.2%

70 Meijer, Inc. U.S. 14,400 e
14,400 e
Superstore

¹ Revenue and net income for the parent company or
e = estimate ne = not in existence (created by merger or divestiture)



2011
71 ICA AB Sweden 14,395 ** 14,690 ** 215 Supermarket 5 7.1%

72 Apple Inc./Apple Stores U.S. 14,127 108,249 **
25,922 Electronics Specialty 11 33.3%

73 Toys “R” Us, Inc. U.S. 13,909 13,909 151 Other Specialty 37 1.3%

74 Otto (GmbH Co KG) Germany 13,903 17,308 32 Non-Store 51 1.7%

75 Distribuidora Internacional de Spain 13,621 **
13,782 **
131 Discount Store 8 ne
Alimentación, S.A. (Dia, S.A.)

76 Jerónimo Martins, SGPS, S.A. Portugal 13,508 13,703 498 Discount Store 2 18.6%

77 UNY Co., Ltd. Japan 13,467 ** 13,684 ** 157 Hypermarket/Supercenter/ 2 -2.6%
Superstore
78 Conad Consorzio Nazionale, Italy 13,329 e** 14,207 g** n/a Supermarket 2 5.3%
Dettaglianti Soc. Coop. a.r.l.

79 Co-operative Group Ltd. U.K. 13,130 19,907 334 Supermarket 1 18.9%

80 SPAR Österreichische Warenhandels- Austria 13,087 e**
14,639 g**
AG
81 Dixons Retail plc U.K. 13,060 13,060 -260 Electronics Specialty 28 0.7%

82 S Group Finland 12,633 15,963 375 Supermarket 5 8.9%

83 John Lewis Partnership plc U.K. 12,431 12,431 218 Supermarket 3 6.4%

84 Alliance Boots GmbH Switzerland 12,241 36,741 **
913 Drug Store/Pharmacy 17 4.7%

85 Dell Inc. U.S. 11,900 62,071 ** 3,492 Non-Store n/a 1.5%

86 Metro Inc. Canada 11,595 **
11,595 **

87 Open Joint Stock Company “Magnit” Russia 11,420 11,423 **
419 Convenience/Forecourt Store 1 35.9%

88 Tengelmann Germany 11,384 e
15,015 g
n/a Home Improvement 14 -16.7%
Warenhandelsgesellschaft KG
89 BJ’s Wholesale Club, Inc. U.S. 11,300 e 11,300 e n/a Cash Carry/Warehouse Club 1 5.9%

90 PPR S.A. France 11,249 17,031 **
1,456 Other Specialty 90 -10.6%

91 The Daiei, Inc. Japan 10,859 11,025 -144 Hypermarket/Supercenter/ 1 -3.5%
Superstore
92 J. Front Retailing Co., Ltd. Japan 10,843 11,937 246 Department Store 1 ne

93 Shoprite Holdings Ltd. S. Africa 10,717 10,717 394 Supermarket 17 16.3%

94 Shoppers Drug Mart Corporation Canada 10,584 10,584 621 Drug Store/Pharmacy 1 6.1%

95 Nordstrom, Inc. U.S. 10,497 10,877 683 Department Store 1 4.2%

96 Limited Brands, Inc. U.S. 10,364 **
10,364 **
850 Apparel/Footwear Specialty 50 -0.6%

97 Dansk Supermarked A/S Denmark 10,115 10,115 991 Discount Store 5 0.5%

98 Takashimaya Company, Limited Japan 10,109 10,881 145 Department Store 3 -3.3%

99 Whole Foods Market, Inc. U.S. 10,108 10,108 343 Supermarket 3 12.5%

100 Fast Retailing Co., Ltd. Japan 10,028 **
10,057 **
690 Apparel/Footwear Specialty 20 12.8%

101 NorgesGruppen ASA Norway 10,016 ** 10,482 ** 280 Supermarket 1 9.7%

102 Beisia Group Co., Ltd. Japan 9,840 e 10,144 e n/a Home Improvement 1 5.1%

103 Liberty Interactive Corporation U.S. 9,616 9,616 965 Non-Store 8 5.6%
(formerly Liberty Media Corporation)

104 Kesko Corporation Finland 9,606 e** 13,177 ** 274 Supermarket 8 1.3%

105 GameStop Corp. U.S. 9,551 9,551 339 Other Specialty 18 12.4%




2011
106 Bed Bath and Beyond Inc. U.S. 9,500 9,500 990 Other Specialty 4 7.5%

107 Canadian Tire Corporation, Limited Canada 9,475 ** 10,511 ** 473 Other Specialty 1 4.1%

108 Giant Eagle, Inc. U.S. 9,420 e**
9,420 e**

109 K’s Holdings Corporation Japan 9,199 9,199 301 Electronics Specialty 1 11.0%

110 Army and Air Force Exchange Service U.S. 9,184 9,184 278 Hypermarket/Supercenter/ 35 0.6%
(AAFES) Superstore

111 S.A.C.I. Falabella Chile 9,145 10,052 973 Home Improvement 4 16.5%

112 Edion Corporation Japan 9,136 e**
9,617 **
70 Electronics Specialty 1 0.5%

113 Dairy Farm International Holdings Hong Kong SAR 9,134 9,134 485 Supermarket 10 12.0%
Limited

114 Yodobashi Camera Co., Ltd. Japan 9,090 9,090 n/a Electronics Specialty 1 3.6%

115 Oxylane Groupe France 9,062 9,062 n/a Other Specialty 19 10.2%

116 China Resources Enterprise, Limited Hong Kong SAR 8,992 14,153 497 Hypermarket/Supercenter/ 2 28.0%
Superstore

117 SHV Holdings N.V./Makro Netherlands 8,946 24,182 1,090 Cash Carry/Warehouse Club 6 9.6%

118 Home Retail Group plc U.K. 8,931 8,931 116 Other Specialty 3 -0.9%

119 Grupo Eroski Spain 8,929 9,221 -50 Supermarket 2 3.0%

120 Menard, Inc. U.S. 8,800 e 8,800 e n/a Home Improvement 1 2.6%

121 CA Europe Belgium/ 8,762 e
9,421 g
n/a Apparel/Footwear Specialty 20 3.8%
Germany

122 Katz Group Canada Ltd. Canada 8,710 e 8,710 e n/a Drug Store/Pharmacy 1 4.6%

123 Ross Stores, Inc. U.S. 8,608 8,608 657 Apparel/Footwear Specialty 1 9.1%

124 Family Dollar Stores, Inc. U.S. 8,548 8,548 388 Discount Store 1 6.0%

125 Esselunga S.p.A. Italy 8,468 e 9,235 g 292 Hypermarket/Supercenter/ 1 6.0%
Superstore
126 Etn. Fr. Colruyt N.V. Belgium 8,268 10,820 ** 473 Supermarket 3 8.2%

127 Office Depot, Inc. U.S. 8,228 e
11,490 96 Other Specialty 19 -4.6%

128 The Pantry, Inc. U.S. 8,139 8,139 10 Convenience/Forecourt Store 1 6.4%

129 AutoZone, Inc. U.S. 8,073 **
8,073 **
849 Other Specialty 3 6.3%

130 Reitan Group Norway 8,020 8,109 250 Discount Store 4 17.9%

131 Organización Soriana, S.A.B. de C.V. Mexico 7,945 7,945 247 Hypermarket/Supercenter/ 1 11.0%
Superstore
132 Dalian Dashang Group China 7,934 e** 17,046 ** n/a Department Store 1 16.7%

133 Steinhoff International Holdings Ltd. S. Africa 7,761 10,419 ** 783 Other Specialty 18 45.5%

134 dm-drogerie markt GmbH + Co. KG Germany 7,760 e
8,614 g
n/a Drug Store/Pharmacy 11 11.0%

135 Pick n Pay Stores Limited S. Africa 7,560 **
7,560 **

136 Bic Camera Inc. Japan 7,432 7,505 112 Electronics Specialty 1 5.0%

137 Globus Holding GmbH Co. KG Germany 7,306 e 8,660 g n/a Hypermarket/Supercenter/ 4 7.6%
Superstore
138 Hy-Vee, Inc. U.S. 7,266 7,266 n/a Supermarket 1 6.5%

139 E-MART Co., Ltd. South Korea 7,257 7,257 287 Hypermarket/Supercenter/ 1 ne
Superstore
140 Coop Danmark A/S Denmark 7,183 ** 7,397 ** 74 Supermarket 1 ne

141 Dirk Rossmann GmbH Germany 7,131 7,131 n/a Drug Store/Pharmacy 6 13.1%




2011
142 Casey’s General Stores, Inc. U.S. 6,988 6,988 117 Convenience/Forecourt Store 1 11.7%

143 The Great Atlantic Pacific Tea U.S. 6,700 e
6,700 e
n/a Supermarket 1 -0.4%
Company, Inc.

144 Dollar Tree, Inc. U.S. 6,631 6,631 488 Discount Store 2 10.8%

145 Don Quijote Co., Ltd. Japan 6,618 6,877 264 Discount Department Store 2 12.1%

146 Barnes Noble, Inc. U.S. 6,597 7,129 ** -69 Other Specialty 1 4.6%

147 Compagnie Financière Richemont SA Switzerland 6,420 12,226 ** 2,123 Other Specialty 55 18.3%

148 Sonae, SGPS, SA Portugal 6,382 7,992 194 Hypermarket/Supercenter/ 6 8.2%
Superstore
149 Wegmans Food Markets, Inc. U.S. 6,335 6,335 107 Supermarket 1 9.0%

150 Dillard’s, Inc. U.S. 6,194 6,400 464 Department Store 1 -4.1%

151 Life Corporation Japan 6,191 6,379 52 Supermarket 1 3.7%

152 Tokyu Corporation Japan 6,182 13,864 470 Department Store 1 -5.9%

153 Lojas Americanas S.A. Brazil 6,128 6,128 204 Discount Department Store 1 21.9%

154 PetSmart, Inc. U.S. 6,113 6,113 290 Other Specialty 3 7.6%

155 Izumi Co., Ltd. Japan 6,052 e
6,541 180 Hypermarket/Supercenter/ 1 3.1%
Superstore
156 FEMSA Comercio, S.A. de C.V. Mexico 5,992 5,992 n/a Convenience/Forecourt Store 2 15.9%

157 Defense Commissary Agency (DeCA) U.S. 5,958 5,958 n/a Supermarket 13 1.9%

158 H2O Retailing Corporation Japan 5,916 6,406 13 Department Store 1 ne

159 Shimamura Co., Ltd. Japan 5,914 5,914 320 Apparel/Footwear Specialty 2 3.6%

160 Advance Auto Parts, Inc. U.S. 5,885 **
6,170 **
395 Other Specialty 2 5.5%

161 QuikTrip Corporation U.S. 5,800 e
10,000 e
n/a Convenience/Forecourt Store 1 6.7%

162 O’Reilly Automotive, Inc. U.S. 5,789 ** 5,789 ** 508 Other Specialty 1 20.5%

163 President Chain Store Corp. Taiwan 5,692 e 6,469 245 Convenience/Forecourt Store 4 n/a

164 Foot Locker, Inc. U.S. 5,623 5,623 278 Apparel/Footwear Specialty 30 -0.4%

165 The SPAR Group Limited S. Africa 5,607 *
5,607 *

166 DCM Holdings Co., Ltd. Japan 5,601 5,603 103 Home Improvement 1 ne

167 Bauhaus GmbH Co. KG Germany 5,533 e 5,533 e n/a Home Improvement 15 7.0%

168 Darty plc (formerly Kesa Electricals U.K. 5,509 5,509 -430 Electronics Specialty 9 -9.5%
plc)
169 MatsumotoKiyoshi Holdings Co., Ltd. Japan 5,468 ** 5,506 ** 129 Drug Store/Pharmacy 1 6.3%

170 Next plc U.K. 5,378 **
5,513 **
761 Apparel/Footwear Specialty 68 1.7%

171 KF Gruppen Sweden 5,354 **
5,754 **
-148 Hypermarket/Supercenter/ 1 ne
Superstore
172 Coop Norge, the Group Norway 5,30 ** 5,145 ** 31 Supermarket 1 ne

173 CP ALL Public Company Limited Thailand 5,258 5,346 **

174 Dick’s Sporting Goods, Inc. U.S. 5,212 5,212 264 Other Specialty 1 10.8%

175 Big Lots, Inc. U.S. 5,202 5,202 207 Discount Store 2 1.9%

176 WinCo Foods LLC U.S. 5,200 e 5,200 e n/a Supermarket 1 14.0%

177 Groupe Galeries Lafayette SA France 5,164 **
6,903 **
65 Department Store 5 -0.4%

178 Joshin Denki Co., Ltd. Japan 5,030 ** 5,197 ** 79 Electronics Specialty 1 4.7%




2011
179 East Japan Railway Company Japan 5,019 32,083 1,389 Convenience/Forecourt Store 1 -0.2%

180 Sheetz, Inc. U.S. 5,000 e 5,000 e n/a Convenience/Forecourt Store 1 5.6%

181 Deichmann SE Germany 4,972 5,752 g
n/a Apparel/Footwear Specialty 22 8.8%

182 Celesio AG Germany 4,972 32,072 ** 8 Drug Store/Pharmacy 9 1.8%

183 Valor Co., Ltd. Japan 4,942 5,202 91 Supermarket 1 7.0%

184 Lawson, Inc. Japan 4,941 **
6,073 **

185 BİM Birleşik Mağazalar A.Ş. Turkey 4,907 4,907 179 Discount Store 2 29.8%

186 SUNDRUG Co., Ltd. Japan 4,901 4,901 159 Drug Store/Pharmacy 1 14.7%

187 Associated British Foods plc/Primark U.K. 4,889 17,777 ** 927 Apparel/Footwear Specialty 7 18.4%

188 RONA Inc. Canada 4,862 ** 4,862 ** -76 Home Improvement 1 1.1%

189 The Sherwin-Williams Company U.S. 4,780 8,766 442 Home Improvement 7 -0.3%

190 Wawa, Inc. U.S. 4,760 e n/a
**
n/a Convenience/Forecourt Store 1 4.4%

191 Controladora Comercial Mexicana Mexico 4,727 e
3,539 71 Hypermarket/Supercenter/ 1 5.5%
S.A.B. de C.V. Superstore

192 Douglas Holding AG Germany 4,715 4,715 121 Other Specialty 18 4.7%

193 Heiwado Co., Ltd. Japan 4,692 4,940 62 Hypermarket/Supercenter/ 2 -1.2%
Superstore
194 OfficeMax Inc. U.S. 4,672 e 7,121 38 Other Specialty 6 -2.9%

195 Kojima Co., Ltd. Japan 4,670 4,693 6 Electronics Specialty 1 -5.9%

196 Grupo Comercial Chedraui, S.A.B. Mexico 4,602 4,648 123 Hypermarket/Supercenter/ 2 14.1%
de C.V. Superstore
197 Save Mart Supermarkets U.S. 4,600 e 4,600 e n/a Supermarket 1 13.0%

198 Landmark Group UAE 4,518 4,700 n/a Apparel/Footwear Specialty 11 23.1%

199 Karstadt Warenhaus GmbH Germany 4,505 e 4,505 e n/a Department Store 1 -6.4%

200 Jumbo Supermarkten B.V. Netherlands 4,503 4,503 n/a Supermarket 1 27.2%

201 Groupe Vivarte France 4,491 4,491 n/a Apparel/Footwear Specialty 55 7.0%

202 Belle International Holdings Limited Hong Kong SAR 4,485 4,485 657 Apparel/Footwear Specialty 3 35.9%

203 Praktiker AG Germany 4,433 4,433 -773 Home Improvement 10 0.1%

204 RaceTrac Petroleum Inc. U.S. 4,400 e
n/a n/a Convenience/Forecourt Store 1 13.9%

205 Arcs Co., Ltd. Japan 4,400 4,415 169 Supermarket 1 8.9%

206 RadioShack Corporation U.S. 4,378 4,378 72 Electronics Specialty 31 -1.7%

207 XXXLutz Group Austria 4,318 e 4,318 e n/a Other Specialty 9 7.6%

208 Arcadia Group Limited U.K. 4,304 4,304 n/a Apparel/Footwear Specialty 41 8.3%

209 Debenhams plc U.K. 4,299 3,545 188 Department Store 28 4.1%

210 Wu-Mart Group China 4,292 e** 4,292 e** n/a Hypermarket/Supercenter/ 1 39.9%
Superstore
211 Ruddick Corporation/Harris Teeter U.S. 4,286 4,286 91 Supermarket 1 8.0%

212 Izumiya Co., Ltd. Japan 4,262 4,458 9 Hypermarket/Supercenter/ 2 -1.5%
Superstore

213 Emke Group/Lulu Group International UAE 4,250 e 4,250 e n/a Hypermarket/Supercenter/ 9 30.5%
Superstore
214 Tractor Supply Company U.S. 4,233 4,233 223 Other Specialty 1 12.3%

215 El Puerto de Liverpool, S.A.B. de C.V. Mexico 4,232 4,742 529 Department Store 1 8.6%




2011
216 Coach, Inc. U.S. 4,232 4,763 ** 1,039 Other Specialty 10 15.0%

217 Coppel SA de CV Mexico 4,220 e
4,752 g
603 Department Store 1 14.1%

218 Marui Group Co. Ltd. Japan 4,218 5,225 67 Department Store 2 -4.6%

219 Michaels Stores, Inc. U.S. 4,210 4,210 176 Other Specialty 2 1.7%

220 FamilyMart Co., Ltd. Japan 4,174 **
4,174 **

221 Iceland Foods Group Limited U.K. 4,174 4,174 n/a Supermarket 5 8.7%

222 Abercrombie Fitch Co. U.S. 4,158 4,158 128 Apparel/Footwear Specialty 17 4.6%

223 HORNBACH-Baumarkt-AG Group Germany 4,157 4,158 107 Home Improvement 9 4.6%

224 Sugi Holdings Co., Ltd. Japan 4,150 ** 4,150 ** 145 Drug Store/Pharmacy 1 8.5%

225 Nitori Holdings Co., Ltd. Japan 4,141 4,197 425 Other Specialty 2 11.9%

226 Agrokor d.d. Croatia 4,117 5,454 37 Supermarket 3 16.1%

227 TSURUHA Holdings, Inc. Japan 4,076 4,076 135 Drug Store/Pharmacy 1 13.1%

228 Poslovni sistem Mercator, d.d. Slovenia 4,053 ** 4,079 ** 33 Supermarket 7 7.4%

229 The Maruetsu, Inc. Japan 4,050 4,098 12 Supermarket 1 -0.2%

230 Daiso Sangyo Inc. Japan 4,024 e**
4,327 g**
n/a Discount Department Store 26 0.7%

231 Neiman Marcus, Inc. U.S. 4,002 4,002 32 Department Store 1 -0.1%

232 Bass Pro Shops, Inc. U.S. 4,000 e** 4,000 e** n/a Other Specialty 2 8.5%

233 Fuji Co. Ltd. Japan 3,944 3,945 13 Hypermarket/Supercenter/ 1 0.0%
Superstore
234 Albertsons, LLC U.S. 3,900 e 3,900 e n/a Supermarket 1 -13.4%

235 Norma Lebensmittelfilialbetrieb Germany 3,900 e
3,900 e
n/a Discount Store 4 3.1%
Stiftung Co. KG

236 Hudson’s Bay Company Canada 3,889 3,889 1,464 Department Store 2 ne

237 Burlington Coat Factory Investments U.S. 3,888 3,888 -6 Department Store 2 2.5%
Holdings, Inc.
238 Esprit Holdings Limited Hong Kong SAR 3,881 ** 3,881 ** 112 Apparel/Footwear Specialty 72 0.4%

239 Roundy’s, Inc. U.S. 3,842 3,842 48 Supermarket 1 1.2%

240 OJSC “Company M.Video” Russia 3,825 3,825 115 Electronics Specialty 1 28.9%

241 Central Retail Corporation Ltd. Thailand 3,809 3,809 n/a Department Store 3 10.0%

242 Liquor Control Board of Ontario Canada 3,808 e
4,748 **
1,671 Other Specialty 1 4.0%

243 Blokker Holding N.V. Netherlands 3,792 ** 3,792 ** 178 Other Specialty 11 2.3%

244 Systembolaget AB Sweden 3,768 3,768 25 Other Specialty 1 5.1%

245 Nonggongshang Supermarket Group China 3,759 e
4,687 g
Co. Ltd. Superstore

246 Komeri Co., Ltd. Japan 3,750 3,953 123 Home Improvement 1 4.1%

247 Signet Jewelers Limited Bermuda 3,749 3,749 324 Other Specialty 3 1.0%

248 Axfood AB Sweden 3,741 5,370 **

249 Lagardère Services SA France 3,735 5,187 105 Other Specialty 32 1.5%

250 Williams-Sonoma, Inc. U.S. 3,721 3,721 237 Other Specialty 7 0.0%



Top 250 global retailers 2011 alphabetical listing

Abercrombie Fitch Co. 222 Deichmann SE 181 John Lewis Partnership plc 83 RadioShack Corporation 206
Advance Auto Parts, Inc. 160 Delhaize Group SA 32 Joshin Denki Co., Ltd. 178 Reitan Group 130
Aeon Co., Ltd. 13 Dell Inc. 85 Jumbo Supermarkten B.V. 200 Rewe Combine 19
Agrokor d.d. 226 Dick’s Sporting Goods, Inc. 174 Karstadt Warenhaus GmbH 199 Rite Aid Corporation 38
Albertsons, LLC 234 Dillard’s, Inc. 150 Katz Group Canada Ltd. 122 RONA Inc. 188
Aldi Einkauf GmbH Co. oHG 8 Dirk Rossmann GmbH 141 Kesko Corporation 104 Ross Stores, Inc. 123
Alimentation Couche-Tard Inc. 43 Distribuidora Internacional de 75 KF Gruppen 171 Roundy’s, Inc. 239
Alimentación, S.A. (Dia, S.A.)
Alliance Boots GmbH 84 Kingfisher plc 52 Ruddick Corporation/Harris Teeter 211
Dixons Retail plc 81
Amazon.com, Inc. 23 Kohl’s Corporation 49 S Group 82
dm-drogerie markt GmbH + Co. KG 134
Apple Inc./Apple Stores 72 Kojima Co., Ltd. 195 S.A.C.I. Falabella 111
Dollar General Corporation 67
Arcadia Group Limited 208 Komeri Co., Ltd. 246 Safeway Inc. 25
Dollar Tree, Inc. 144
Arcs Co., Ltd. 205 Koninklijke Ahold N.V 26 Save Mart Supermarkets 197
Don Quijote Co., Ltd. 145
Army and Air Force Exchange Service 110 Kroger Co. 5 Schwarz Unternehmens Treuhand KG 7
(AAFES) Douglas Holding AG 192
K’s Holdings Corporation 109 Sears Holdings Corp. 27
AS Watson Company, Ltd. 50 East Japan Railway Company 179
Lagardère Services SA 249 Seven i Holdings Co., Ltd. 16
Associated British Foods plc/Primark 187 Edeka Zentrale AG Co. KG 15
Landmark Group 198 Sheetz, Inc. 180
AutoZone, Inc. 129 Edion Corporation 112
Lawson, Inc. 184 Sherwin-Williams Company 189
Axfood AB 248 El Corte Inglés, S.A. 54
Liberty Interactive Corporation 103 Shimamura Co., Ltd. 159
Bailian (Brilliance) Group 59 El Puerto de Liverpool, S.A.B. de C.V. 215 (formerly Liberty Media Corporation)
Shoppers Drug Mart Corporation 94
Barnes Noble, Inc. 146 E-MART Co., Ltd. 139 Life Corporation 151
Shoprite Holdings Ltd. 93
Bass Pro Shops, Inc. 232 Emke Group/Lulu Group International 213 Limited Brands, Inc. 96
SHV Holdings N.V./Makro 117
Bauhaus GmbH Co. KG 167 Empire Company Limited/Sobeys 58 Liquor Control Board of Ontario 242
Signet Jewelers Limited 247
Bed Bath and Beyond Inc. 106 Esprit Holdings Limited 238 Loblaw Companies Limited 31
Sonae, SGPS, SA 148
Beisia Group Co., Ltd. 102 Esselunga S.p.A. 125 Lojas Americanas S.A. 153
SPAR Group Limited 165
Belle International Holdings Limited 202 Etn. Fr. Colruyt N.V. 126 Lotte Shopping Co., Ltd. 48
SPAR Österreichische Warenhandels- 80
Best Buy Co., Inc. 20 Family Dollar Stores, Inc. 124 Louis Delhaize S.A. 66 AG
Bic Camera Inc. 136 FamilyMart Co., Ltd. 220 Lowe’s Companies, Inc. 21 Staples, Inc. 64
Big Lots, Inc. 175 Fast Retailing Co., Ltd. 100 LVMH Moët Hennessy- 45 Steinhoff International Holdings Ltd. 133
BİM Birleşik Mağazalar A.Ş. 185 FEMSA Comercio, S.A. de C.V. 156 Louis Vuitton S.A. Sugi Holdings Co., Ltd. 224
Macy’s, Inc. 37
BJ’s Wholesale Club, Inc. 89 Foot Locker, Inc. 164 SUNDRUG Co., Ltd. 186
Marks Spencer Group Plc 60
Blokker Holding N.V. 243 Fuji Co. Ltd. 233 Suning Appliance Co. Ltd. 69
Maruetsu, Inc. 229
Burlington Coat Factory Investments 237 GameStop Corp. 105 SuperValu Inc. 35
Holdings, Inc. Marui Group Co. Ltd. 218
Gap, Inc. 68 Systembolaget AB 244
CA Europe 121 MatsumotoKiyoshi Holdings Co., Ltd. 169
Giant Eagle, Inc. 108 Système U, Centrale Nationale 41
Canadian Tire Corporation, Limited 107 Meijer, Inc. 70
Globus Holding GmbH Co. KG 137 Takashimaya Company, Limited 98
Carrefour S.A. 2 Menard, Inc. 120
Gome Home Appliance Group 65 Target Corporation 11
Casey’s General Stores, Inc. 142 Mercadona, S.A. 44
Great Atlantic Pacific Tea Company, 143 Tengelmann 88
Casino Guichard-Perrachon S.A. 22 Inc. Metro AG 4 Warenhandelsgesellschaft KG
Celesio AG 182 Groupe Adeo SA 57 Metro Inc. 86 Tesco PLC 3
Cencosud S.A. 63 Groupe Auchan SA 12 Michaels Stores, Inc. 219 TJX Companies, Inc. 42
Central Retail Corporation Ltd. 241 Groupe Galeries Lafayette SA 177 Migros-Genossenschafts Bund 39 Tokyu Corporation 152
Centres Distributeurs E. Leclerc 24 Groupe Vivarte 201 Neiman Marcus, Inc. 231 Toys “R” Us, Inc. 73
China Resources Enterprise, Limited 116 Grupo Comercial Chedraui, S.A.B. 196 Next plc 170 Tractor Supply Company 214
Coach, Inc. 216 de C.V. Nitori Holdings Co., Ltd. 225 TSURUHA Holdings, Inc. 227
Grupo Eroski 119
Compagnie Financière Richemont SA 147 Nonggongshang Supermarket Group 245 UNY Co., Ltd. 77
Grupo Pão de Açúcar 34 Co. Ltd.
Conad Consorzio Nazionale, 78 Valor Co., Ltd. 183
Dettaglianti Soc. Coop. a.r.l. H M Hennes Mauritz AB 55 Nordstrom, Inc. 95
Walgreen Co. 9
Controladora Comercial Mexicana 191 H.E. Butt Grocery Company 51 NorgesGruppen ASA 101
S.A.B. de C.V. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 1
H2O Retailing Corporation 158 Norma Lebensmittelfilialbetrieb 235
Coop Danmark A/S 140 Wawa, Inc. 190
Stiftung Co. KG
Heiwado Co., Ltd. 193
Coop Group 46 Office Depot, Inc. 127 Wegmans Food Markets, Inc. 149
Home Depot, Inc. 10
Coop Italia 56 OfficeMax Inc. 194 Wesfarmers Limited 18
Home Retail Group plc 118
Coop Norge, the Group 172 OJSC “Company M.Video” 240 Whole Foods Market, Inc. 99
HORNBACH-Baumarkt-AG Group 223
Co-operative Group Ltd. 79 Open Joint Stock Company “Magnit” 87 Williams-Sonoma, Inc. 250
Hudson’s Bay Company 236
Coppel SA de CV 217 O’Reilly Automotive, Inc. 162 WinCo Foods LLC 176
Hy-Vee, Inc. 138
Costco Wholesale Corporation 6 Organización Soriana, S.A.B. de C.V. 131 Wm Morrison Supermarkets PLC 33
ICA AB 71
CP ALL Public Company Limited 173 Otto (GmbH Co KG) 74 Woolworths Limited 17
Iceland Foods Group Limited 221
CVS Caremark Corp. 14 Oxylane Groupe 115 Wu-Mart Group 210
IKEA Group (INGKA Holding B.V.) 30
Daiei, Inc. 91 Pantry, Inc. 128 X5 Retail Group N.V. 61
Inditex, S.A. 47
Dairy Farm International Holdings 113 PetSmart, Inc. 154 XXXLutz Group 207
Limited Isetan Mitsukoshi Holdings Ltd. 62
Pick n Pay Stores Limited 135 Yamada Denki Co., Ltd. 40
Daiso Sangyo Inc. 230 ITM Développement International 28
Poslovni sistem Mercator, d.d. 228 Yodobashi Camera Co., Ltd. 114
Dalian Dashang Group 132 (Intermarché )
Izumi Co., Ltd. 155 PPR S.A. 90
Dansk Supermarked A/S 97
Izumiya Co., Ltd. 212 Praktiker AG 203
Darty plc (formerly Kesa Electricals 168
plc) J Sainsbury plc 29 President Chain Store Corp. 163
DCM Holdings Co., Ltd. 166 J. C. Penney Company, Inc. 53 Publix Super Markets, Inc. 36
Debenhams plc 209 J. Front Retailing Co., Ltd. 92 QuikTrip Corporation 161
Defense Commissary Agency (DeCA) 157 Jerónimo Martins, SGPS, S.A. 76 RaceTrac Petroleum Inc. 204


Global Powers of Retailing Top 250 highlights

Retail industry rebound continues as global economy For the first time, the aggregate retail revenue of the Top 250
stumbles topped $4 trillion. This milestone was achieved, in part, by a
The global economy decelerated in 2011 in many of the world’s change in methodology that impacted some of the companies.
leading markets. In Europe, the euro crisis led to the tightening of This year, for the first time, companies were ranked by total retail
credit markets. Governments across the continent cut spending and revenue, not just retail sales.
raised taxes, which weakened economies and further undermined
consumer confidence. By the first half of 2012, the region was For purposes of this analysis, retail revenue includes royalties and
heading toward the recession that it is now experiencing. franchising/licensing fees as well as wholesale sales to affiliated/
member stores or other “controlled wholesale space” operations
In China, monetary policy was tightened in 2011 in order to restrain (e.g., in-store shops or identity corners). For a detailed definition
an overheated, inflationary economy. Yet, as Europe slowed, of retail revenue, see the Study Methodology section at the end of
Chinese export growth decelerated at the same time that tight this report.
monetary policy began to have a negative impact on domestic
demand. Fearful of a hard landing, the Chinese authorities reversed This change reflects the growing complexity of the operating
course by late 2011 and began loosening monetary and fiscal model of many of the world’s largest retail companies. As retailers
policy. By 2012, China was facing a moderate slowdown in growth. in mature markets ramp up their efforts in foreign markets in
The consumer sector, however, remained fairly robust. search of more attractive growth rates, they are employing multiple
market entry strategies including franchising, licensing and joint
In the United States, 2011 offered modest but improved growth ventures in addition to owned expansion. Readers of this report
as the manufacturing sector recovered and exports performed who monitor the Top 250 rankings year-over-year should note that
well. But the failure of the government to agree on a path toward as more revenue was considered “retail” for companies with more
fiscal rectitude—leading to the first-ever downgrade of the U.S. diverse operating structures, this change in methodology resulted
government’s credit rating—wreaked havoc on investor confidence, in some upward movement in these companies’ Top 250 ranking in
hurting equity prices and employment creation. By 2012, with 2011, irrespective of their actual revenue growth.
European and Chinese growth decelerating, the U.S. economy began
to slow down as export growth trailed off. Yet the U.S. consumer The average size of the Top 250 in 2011, as measured by retail
sector continued to grow at a modest pace. In Japan, 2011 was an revenue, topped $17 billion. The threshold to join the Top 250 in
awful year following the devastating earthquake and tsunami. 2011 was $3.7 billion.

Despite a stumbling global economy, consumers continued to
spend in 2011 and the retail industry kept rolling—extending the
rebound that began in 2010. Sales-weighted, currency-adjusted Top 250 quick stats, 2011
retail revenue rose 5.1 percent for the world’s Top 250 retailers in
fiscal 2011, building on the previous year’s 5.3 percent growth. • $4.271 trillion—aggregate retail revenue of Top 250
More than 80 percent of the Top 250 (204 companies) posted an • $17.085 billion—average size of Top 250 retailers
increase in retail revenue. Those with declining sales could often
point to restructuring activities and divestments of non-core assets • $3.721 billion—minimum retail revenue required to be
rather than deterioration of the core business. A disproportionate among Top 250
share of the companies that experienced a decline in revenue were • 5.1%—composite year-over-year retail revenue growth
Japanese retailers whose revenue drops can be attributed in large
• 5.4%—2006-2011 composite compound annual growth
part to the economic impact of the earthquake.
rate in retail revenue
The Top 250 maintained a healthy 3.8 percent composite net • 3.8%—composite net profit margin
profit margin in 2011, matching the industry’s 2010 result. Nearly
• 5.9%—composite return on assets
all of the companies that disclosed their bottom-line results (181
of 194 reporting companies) operated at a profit in 2011. Not • 23.8%—percent of Top 250 retail revenue from foreign
surprisingly, perhaps, fewer companies saw an increase in their net operations
profit margin in 2011 following 2010’s improvement in profitability.
• 9.0—average number of countries in which Top 250
Composite return on assets ticked up slightly to 5.9 percent from
companies have retail operations
5.8 percent in 2010.


Top 10 retailers worldwide, 2011

% retail revenue
Top 250 Country of Retail revenue Retail revenue Net profit Return on # countries from foreign
rank Name of company origin (US$mil) growth margin assets of operation operations
1 Wal-Mart U.S. 446,950 6.0% 3.7% 8.5% 28 28.4%
2 Carrefour France 113,197 -9.8% 0.5% 0.8% 33 56.7%
3 Tesco U.K. 101,574 5.8% 4.4% 5.5% 13 34.5%
4 Metro Germany 92,905 -0.8% 1.1% 2.2% 33 61.1%
5 Kroger U.S. 90,374 10.0% 0.7% 2.5% 1 0.0%
6 Costco U.S. 88,915 14.1% 1.7% 5.8% 9 27.0%
7 Schwarz Germany 87,841 5.8% n/a n/a 26 55.8%
8 Aldi Germany 73,375e 3.7% n/a n/a 17 57.1%
9 Walgreen U.S. 72,184 7.1% 3.8% 9.9% 2 1.5%
10 The Home Depot U.S. 70,395 3.5% 5.5% 9.6% 5 11.4%
Top 10* 1,237,710 4.4% 2.9% 6.2% 16.7** 32.9%
Top 250* 4,271,171 5.1% 3.8% 5.9% 9.0** 23.8%
Top 10 share of Top 250 29.0%

* Sales-weighted, currency-adjusted composites
** Average

Source: Published company data and Planet Retail

Wal-Mart exceeds 10% of Top 250 revenue The composite year-over-year revenue growth for the top 10 of
The world’s 10 largest retailers remained unchanged from 2010. 4.4 percent was moderated by Carrefour’s 9.8 percent sales
With 6 percent revenue growth, retail giant Wal-Mart increased decline. By comparison, the Top 250 posted composite revenue
its lead over Carrefour. The French retailer maintained its No. 2 growth of 5.1 percent. As a result, the leader group’s share of total
position despite a sales decline resulting from the spinoff of its Dia Top 250 revenue continued to slide, falling to 29 percent in 2011
hard discount chain in July 2011. Metro hung onto fourth place, from a high of 30.2 percent in 2008. The profitability of the top
although its revenue fell slightly. Robust growth boosted Costco 10 (2.9 percent) also lagged that of the Top 250 group as a whole
ahead of Schwarz, while Aldi overtook both Walgreen and The (3.8 percent). In part, this reflects the composition of the top 10,
Home Depot on the back of a stronger euro against the U.S. dollar which consists primarily of retailers in the lower-margin fast-moving
in 2011. consumer goods sector.

Wal-Mart, which accounted for more than 10 percent of total Top
250 revenue, acquired South Africa’s Massmart in June 2011, its
biggest deal in more than a decade. This will allow Wal-Mart to
widen its lead over its top 10 rivals in the future.

As a group, the top 10 have a much larger geographic
footprint than the Top 250 overall. These big retailers operated in
16.7 countries, on average, nearly twice as many as the average for
the entire group. Revenue from foreign operations accounted for
nearly one-third of total top 10 retail revenue. This compares with
less than one-quarter of the larger group’s combined retail revenue.
That said, the biggest European retailers were much more likely to
pursue growth outside their domestic borders than were U.S. top
10 retailers.


Global Powers of Retailing geographical analysis

For purposes of geographical analysis, companies are assigned to a region based on their
headquarters location, which may not always coincide with where they derive the majority of
their sales. Although many companies derive revenue from outside their region, 100 percent of
each company’s retail revenue is accounted for within that company’s region.

Emerging markets see continued high growth in retail Share of Top 250 retail companies by region/country, 2011
demand 4.0% 2.8%
Despite the economic slowdown in 2011, composite retail revenue
soared for companies based in Africa/Middle East, Latin America
16.0%
and Asia/Pacific (excluding Japan). Growth continued to be fueled
by burgeoning middle classes, youthful populations and sizable
30.4%
foreign direct investment. Somewhat greater pricing flexibility 7.2%
in these markets also resulted in above-average profitability for
retailers in these regions. 5.2%

On the other hand, Japanese retailers suffered a composite revenue 7.2%
decline in 2011. As previously noted, the revenue drop for many 4.4%
6.0%
of these retailers was due to the earthquake disaster and resulting 16.8%
impact on the country’s economic environment. Nevertheless,
Japan’s share of Top 250 companies and revenue increased owing
Africa/Middle East U.K.
to the exchange rate effect of a stronger yen relative to the U.S.
Japan Other Europe
dollar in 2011.
Other Asia/Paciﬁc Latin America
France U.S.
The performance of North American retailers improved in 2011,
Germany Canada
with above-average revenue growth and profitability. Productivity,
as measured by return on assets, was also well above average,
outperforming all other regions. This group’s strong results are a
bit surprising given the various negative influences faced by U.S. Share of Top 250 retail revenue by region/country, 2011
consumers in 2011. Unemployment remained uncomfortably high 2.9% 1.1%
and real disposable incomes continued to decline. However, there
9.0%
was considerable pent-up demand, and even though consumers
remained price sensitive, their willingness to take on new debt 6.0%
increased. As a result, consumption regained much of the vigor lost
during the recession. 9.3%

40.4%

10.5%

6.4%
12.2%
2.2%

Africa/Middle East U.K.
Japan Other Europe
Other Asia/Paciﬁc Latin America
France U.S.
Germany Canada


Sales growth and profitability by region/country* (%)

29.0
30

21.3
25

20 20.1

16.1

15.8
15

11.2

8.3
8.2
10
7.0
6.6

6.3
6.2
5.7

6.0
5.9
5.4

5.2
5.1

5.1

4.7
4.6

4.6
4.6

4.4

4.4

4.3
4.2

4.1

4.0
3.9
3.7
3.8

3.6
3.5
3.4
3.3

3.3
3.2
3.3
3.1

3.2
2.9
2.7
5

1.6
1.6

0.9
0.4
0

-1.5
-5
Top 250

Africa/
Middle East

Asia/Pacific

Japan

Other
Asia/Pacific

Europe

France

Germany

U.K.

Latin
America

North
America

U.S.
2006-2011 retail revenue CAGR** 2011 retail revenue growth 2011 net profit margin 2011 ROA

Results reflect Top 250 companies headquartered in each region/country
** Compound annual growth rate

Revenue growth and profitability deteriorated in the European In 2011, for the first time, the share of North American Top 250
region in 2011. Composite revenue growth for the French retailers retailers that remained single-country operators fell to less than
fell to just 1.6 percent, though this result can be attributed primarily half. Many U.S. retailers have made their first international foray
to Carrefour’s spinoff of Dia. The historically sluggish German retail close to home—moving into Canada, Mexico or Puerto Rico. Still,
market saw the pace of growth pick up over the past two years. only 15 percent of the North American region’s retail revenue came
Nevertheless, it remained a low-margin place to do business, and from foreign operations. Asia/Pacific was the only region with a
the profitability of German retailers continued to lag. However, the lower percentage of foreign revenue, driven by limited international
composite net profit margin of 0.4 percent and composite return expansion of the Japanese companies.
on assets of 0.9 percent may not be truly representative, as these
figures are based on a small sample size. That is because 11 of the All the Africa/Middle East Top 250 retailers operated outside their
18 German Top 250 companies are private and did not disclose national borders, as most of the countries comprising this region
their profitability. are too small to sustain large retail organizations. So, too, did all
the French retailers, who struggle to achieve growth domestically.
Almost one-quarter of Top 250 revenue from foreign German retailers were also very likely to operate internationally,
operations with just 11 percent remaining as single-country operators. The
Growth opportunities for many of the world’s largest retailers French and German retailers turned to international markets for
continue to be driven by global expansion in an attempt to make more than 40 percent of their combined revenue in 2011.
up for slow-growing or stagnant domestic markets. As a result,
by 2011, 23.8 percent of Top 250 composite retail revenue was
generated in foreign markets, up slightly from 23.4 percent in
2010. Top 250 retailers operated in an average of nine countries
compared with 8.2 in 2010. (This does not include Dell, which
is truly global in scope, doing business with consumers in 176
countries.) And the share of Top 250 retailers that continued to
operate only within their domestic borders dropped to 38 percent
from 40 percent in 2010. (It should be noted that these statistics
are not strictly comparable year-over-year as the composition of the
Top 250 retailers fluctuates.)


Region/country profiles, 2011

Average retail % retail revenue from Average % single-country
# companies revenue (US$mil) foreign operations # countries operators
Top 250* 250 17,085 23.8% 9.0 38.0%

Africa/Middle East 7 6,474 26.9% 10.3 0.0%

Asia/Pacific 58 11,009 11.6% 5.0 51.7%

Japan 40 9,608 6.6% 3.4 60.0%

Other Asia/Pacific 18 14,124 19.2% 8.5 33.3%

Europe 88 18,685 38.2% 15.0 19.3%

France 13 30,555 43.2% 30.0 0.0%

Germany 18 24,977 42.9% 14.6 11.1%

U.K. 15 18,320 23.0% 17.1 20.0%

Latin America 11 8,518 17.8% 2.0 54.5%

North America* 86 21,504 15.3% 6.2 48.8%

U.S.* 76 22,713 15.3% 6.8 44.7%

Results reflect Top 250 retailers headquartered in each region/country
* Average number of countries excludes Dell (U.S.), whose near-global coverage would skew the average

For the European region overall, less than 20 percent of Top 250
retailers operated exclusively within their national borders in 2011. It should be noted that the average number of countries with
They derived 38 percent of total revenue from foreign operations, retail operations includes the location of franchised, licensed
far more than any other region. and joint venture operations in addition to corporate-owned
channels of distribution. Where information was available,
Japanese retailers had the smallest international presence; the number of countries reflects non-store sales channels,
60 percent remained single-country operators in 2011. such as consumer-oriented e-commerce sites, catalogs and
Top 250 retailers based in Japan did business in just 3.4 countries, TV shopping programs, as well as store locations. However,
on average, and foreign operations accounted for a meager for many retailers, specific information about non-store
6.6 percent of composite retail revenue. Excluding Japan from the activity was not available.
analysis, the other Asia/Pacific retailers were much more likely to
move beyond their national borders. This group generated
19.2 percent of combined retail revenue from foreign operations
and averaged 8.5 countries with retail operations.

Meanwhile, the fast-growing markets of Latin America continued
to sustain domestic retailers; more than half have not yet ventured
beyond their home country’s borders.


Central Europe and Africa/Middle East primary targets for Africa was the destination for 21 new market entries, the most of
new market entry any sub-region in 2011. Much of this activity, however, involved
The Top 250 continued to extend their global reach in 2011. a single player—Wal-Mart’s acquisition of Massmart, giving the
To better analyze the geographic footprint and expansion activities world’s largest retailer entry into South Africa, the continent’s
of the Top 250 Global Powers of Retailing, companies were biggest economy, as well as 11 other African nations. Franchising
assigned to one of 12 sub-regions based on their headquarters was the market entry method used for most of the other activity in
location, and their retail activity in each sub-region was tracked. the African sub-region.
Sixty-two percent (155) of the Top 250 retailers operated in more
than one country in 2011, and 82 percent of those retailers (127 of Of the four methods of market entry tracked for this analysis,
155) operated in more than one sub-region. franchising was the predominant method employed in 2011, as
was also the case in 2010. Franchising accounted for 40 percent of
Forty of the Top 250 retailers began operations in a new country the activity (43 of 107 new market entries). All of the retailers that
in 2011 (the same number as in 2010), with a combined total of entered a Middle Eastern country for the first time in 2011 used
107 new market entries (up from 88 in 2010) involving 72 different a franchising model. Organic growth was the next most frequent
countries (57 in 2010). These numbers are based on the information market entry method (38 times). Retailers that entered Western
available and may not capture all activity. They also reflect new European countries for the first time in 2011 did so mostly through
“bricks-and-mortar” retail activity only, except for companies that organic growth (11 of 15 times). Acquisitions accounted for 23 new
are primarily non-store retailers. market entries. Joint ventures were established as the market entry
method on only three occasions.
No one country emerged as the hottest new market for retail
expansion—i.e., no country was entered for the first time by Perhaps not surprisingly, 80 percent of the retailers that entered
more than three of the Top 250 retailers in 2011. Europe and a new market in 2011 (32 of 40 companies) were from mature,
Africa/Middle East showed the highest levels of activity. A saturated markets: the United States (15), Japan (5) or one of the
disproportionate share of new market entries took place in Central big three European economies (12). Almost half of the new market
Europe, primarily through organic growth. entries involved fashion retailers looking to extend their brands
around the globe. Most pursued a franchise strategy, viewing it as
a fast, low capital, lower-risk way to expand internationally.
Top 250 new market entries by sub-region, 2011

Central Europe 5 10 5

Western Europe 1 11 3
No one country emerged as the
Eastern Europe

East Asia 2
4 1

5 1
hottest new market for retail
Southeast Asia 4 2 11
expansion—i.e., no country was
Central Asia 3 entered for the first time by
Oceania 1 2 1
Central America
more than three of the Top 250
Caribbean
South America
2

4
3

2 1
retailers in 2011. Europe and
Africa 7 2 12 Africa/Middle East showed the
Middle East 10 highest level of activity.
North America 1

Franchising/licensing* Organic growth

Acquisition Joint venture

* Includes franchised, licensed and other partnership or distribution
arrangements
Excludes companies entering a new country through e-commerce or other
non-store methods, except for companies that operate primarily as
non-store retailers

Source: Published company data


Global Powers of Retailing product sector analysis

The Global Powers of Retailing analyzes retail performance by primary retail product sector
as well as by geography. Four sectors are used for analysis: Fast-Moving Consumer Goods,
Fashion Goods, Hardlines Leisure Goods and Diversified. A company is assigned to
one of three specific product sectors if at least half of its retail revenue is derived from that
broadly defined product category. If none of the three specific product sectors account for at
least 50 percent of a company’s revenue, it is considered to be diversified.

FMCG sector outpaces specialty retailers in 2011 Share of Top 250 retail companies by product sector, 2011
The three specific product-oriented sectors—Fast-Moving
Consumer Goods, Hardlines Leisure Goods, and Fashion
Goods—recorded similar rates of growth in 2011, all within a 8.4%
15.6%
half percentage point of the 5.1 percent Top 250 composite
growth rate. A notable change from 2010, however, was that
retailers of Fast-Moving Consumer Goods outpaced Fashion and 22.0%
Hardlines retailers, posting 5.6 percent revenue growth. Fashion
retailers continued to be the most profitable. The slow-growing
Diversified group remained the least profitable, suggesting that
retailers operating too many concepts or formats can experience
diseconomies of scale and increased operational and marketing
complexity that can impact both top-line and bottom-line 54.0%
performance.

Retailers of Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) represent the Fashion FMCG Hardlines leisure Diversiﬁed
largest product sector, accounting for more than half of all Top
250 retailers and more than two-thirds of Top 250 revenue in 2011.
Share of Top 250 retail revenue by product sector, 2011
Although the companies comprising this sector are large, averaging
more than $21 billion in retail revenue, they are the least global: In
2011, nearly half operated only within their domestic borders. As 8.6% 8.0%
a group, they operated in an average of 4.9 countries, compared
with 9 countries for the Top 250 as a whole.
15.5%

67.8%

Fashion FMCG Hardlines leisure Diversiﬁed


Nevertheless, the sector generated nearly 23 percent of its total Sales growth and profitability by product sector* (%)
retail revenue from operations in foreign countries, the result
10

9.2

9.1
of several large, truly global operators like Carrefour, AS Watson

8.0
and hard discounters Schwarz and Aldi, each of which generated 8

6.8
more than half of its revenue from foreign operations.

6.2
5.9

5.6
5.4
6

5.1

5.0
4.8

4.6
Revenue growth for Fashion Goods retailers cooled to 4.8 percent

4.3
4.0
3.8
in 2011 from 7.4 percent in 2010. These retailers continued to be 4

2.7

2.6
the most global of the product groups. In 2011, nearly 80 percent

2.3
2.2
1.8
operated outside their home country, engaging consumers in an 2
average of 21.3 countries. Not surprisingly, they derived a larger
share of sales from foreign operations (29.5 percent) than the other 0
Top 250 Fashion Fast-Moving Hardlines Diversified
product sectors. Goods Consumer Leisure
Goods Goods

The Hardlines Leisure Goods sector posted good profitability 2006-2011 retail revenue 2011 retail revenue growth
and solid gains in revenue in 2011, though not quite as robust as CAGR**

in 2010 when this sector staged a strong comeback following 2011 net profit margin 2011 ROA
two years of depressed sales. Overall performance was hampered
slightly by the sector’s home improvement retailers as the housing
** Compound annual growth rate
market remained troubled in 2011. Yet, the home improvement
subgroup still turned in a respectable 4.2 percent increase in Source: Published company data and Planet Retail
revenue and a composite net profit margin of 4.3 percent.
Product sector profiles, 2011

# Average % retail Average % single-
companies retail revenue # countries country
revenue from operators
(US$mil) foreign
operations
Top 250* 250 17,085 23.8% 9.0 38.0%
Fashion Goods 39 8,813 29.5% 21.3 20.5%
Fast-Moving 135 21,464 22.6% 4.9 47.4%
Consumer
Goods
Hardlines 55 12,013 26.6% 9.6 30.9%
Leisure Goods*
Diversified 21 17,577 22.5% 10.1 28.6%

* verage number of countries excludes Dell (Hardlines), whose near-global
A
coverage would skew the average


Top 250 newcomers

Thirteen retailers joined the ranks of the Top 250 in 2011, all Top 250 newcomers, 2011
but one—Japan’s Daiso Sangyo—for the first time. As would be
expected, most debuted near the bottom of the list, joining the Top 2011
Top retail
250 by virtue of superior growth. However, the two highest-ranking
250 Name of Country Dominant revenue
newcomers are “new” companies that were separated from their rank company of origin format growth
former parent in 2011: Dia, following the spinoff from Carrefour; 75 Distribuidora Spain Discount Store ne
and E-MART, a South Korean hypermarket retailer spun off from Internacional de
Shinsegae in May 2011. Alimentación,
S.A. (Dia, S.A.)
139 E-MART Co., Ltd. South Hypermarket/ ne
Lawson, FamilyMart and Esprit were launched into the Top 250 as Korea Supercenter/
a result of the new methodology that now includes franchise fees Superstore
and affiliated wholesale sales as part of “retail revenue.” 184 Lawson, Inc. Japan Convenience/ 10.7%
Forecourt Store
All the newcomers except for Dia (Spain) and three based in Japan 198 Landmark Group UAE Apparel/Footwear 22.5%
are emerging market retailers, mostly from the Asia/Pacific region. Specialty

Retailers based in the UAE, Mexico and Russia complete the list. 202 Belle Hong Apparel/Footwear 22.1%
International Kong Specialty
Holdings Limited
210 Wu-Mart Group China Hypermarket/ 94.4%
Supercenter/
Superstore
213 Emke Group/ UAE Hypermarket/ 52.1%
Lulu Group Supercenter/
International Superstore
217 Coppel SA de CV Mexico Department Store 18.7%
220 FamilyMart Co., Japan Convenience/ 2.9%
Ltd. Forecourt Store
230 Daiso Sangyo Inc. Japan Discount 0.0%
Department Store
238 Esprit Holdings Hong Apparel/Footwear -10.7%
Limited Kong Specialty
240 OJSC “Company Russia Electronics 29.6%
M.Video” Specialty
241 Central Retail Thailand Department Store
Corporation Ltd. 18.8%

ne = not in existence as a separate entity prior to fiscal 2011


Emerging markets fuel Fastest 50

Retail revenue for the 50 fastest-growing retailers increased at a Six of the Fastest 50 were newcomers to the Top 250 in 2011:
compound annual rate of 22 percent between 2006 and 2011. In
2011, composite retail revenue for the Fastest 50 rose nearly 20 • u-Mart, a Chinese operator of hypermarkets and convenience
W
percent year-over-year. In both cases, growth was nearly four times stores (growth rank No. 4)
faster than that for the Top 250 as a whole. The Fastest 50 did not
sacrifice margin for sales; the group’s composite net profit margin • elle International, the number one women’s shoe retailer in
B
of 8.4 percent was more than double the Top 250’s 3.8 percent. China (No. 6)

While the Fastest 50 is based on revenue growth over a five-year • ulu Group International, the retail division of Emke Group
L
period, most of the retailers on the list maintained their aggressive based in the UAE, operating hypermarkets, supermarkets and
growth in 2011. Indeed, 32 of the Fastest 50 were also among the department stores across the Middle East (No. 9)
50 fastest-growing retailers in 2011. Companies in this elite group
are designated in bold type on the list. • ompany M.Video, one of Russia’s biggest consumer electronics
C
retail chains (No. 12)
Chinese and Russian retailers are well-represented among the
Fastest 50, as are retailers from Africa/Middle East and Latin • andmark Group, another Middle Eastern retailer with a portfolio
L
America. Seven of 11 Top 250 retailers based in China (including of fashion and home brands (No. 16)
Hong Kong) are among the Fastest 50, as are all three of the
Russian companies. Six of seven Top 250 retailers headquartered in • oppel, a highly profitable Mexican department store retailer
C
the Africa/Middle East region also are on the list. So, too, are seven (No. 35)
of 11 from South America and Mexico.
Altogether, emerging markets accounted for almost half (24) of the
50 fastest-growing companies and nearly two-thirds (21) of
the “elite 32.”

50 fastest-growing retailers 2006-2011

2011 2011
Top retail 2006-2011 retail 2011
Growth 250 Country revenue Dominant retail revenue revenue net profit
rank rank Name of company of origin (US$mil) operational format CAGR¹ growth margin
1 18 Wesfarmers Limited Australia 52,208 Supermarket 59.2% 5.0% 3.7%

2 133 Steinhoff International S. Africa 7,761 Other Specialty 45.5% 132.0% 7.5%
Holdings Ltd.
3 61 X5 Retail Group N.V. Russia 15,455 Discount Store 40.7% 37.0% 2.0%

4 210 Wu-Mart Group China 4,292 e**
Hypermarket/ 39.9% 94.4% n/a
Supercenter/
Superstore
5 87 Open Joint Stock Russia 11,420 Convenience/ 35.9% 46.9% 3.7%
Company “Magnit” Forecourt Store

6 202 Belle International Hong Kong 4,485 Apparel/Footwear 35.9% 22.1% 14.6%
Holdings Limited Specialty

7 23 Amazon.com, Inc. U.S. 46,491 Non-Store 34.8% 39.8% 1.3%

8 72 Apple Inc./Apple Stores U.S. 14,127 Electronics Specialty 33.3% 44.2% 23.9%

Companies in bold type were also among the 50 fastest-growing retailers in 2011.

¹Compound annual growth rate * Revenue reflects wholesale sales ** Revenue includes wholesale and retail sales
e = estimate


2011 2011
9 213 Emke Group/Lulu Group UAE 4,250 e Hypermarket/ 30.5% 52.1% n/a
International Supercenter/
Superstore

10 185 BİM Birleşik Mağazalar Turkey 4,907 Discount Store 29.8% 24.6% 3.7%
A.Ş.
11 69 Suning Appliance Co. Ltd. China 14,549 Electronics Specialty 29.2% 24.3% 5.2%

12 240 OJSC “Company M.Video” Russia 3,825 Electronics Specialty 28.9% 29.6% 3.0%

13 116 China Resources Hong Kong 8,992 Hypermarket/ 28.0% 27.1% 3.5%
Enterprise, Limited Supercenter/
Superstore

14 34 Grupo Pão de Açúcar Brazil 27,988 Electronics Specialty 27.4% 45.2% 1.5%

15 200 Jumbo Supermarkten B.V. Netherlands 4,503 Supermarket 27.2% -8.0% n/a

16 198 Landmark Group UAE 4,518 Apparel/Footwear 23.1% 22.5% n/a
Specialty
17 65 Gome Home Appliance China 14,923 e Electronics Specialty 22.4% 18.3% n/a
Group

18 153 Lojas Americanas S.A. Brazil 6,128 Discount 21.9% 8.7% 3.3%
Department Store
19 162 O’Reilly Automotive, Inc. U.S. 5,789 ** Other Specialty 20.5% 7.2% 8.8%

20 63 Cencosud S.A. Chile 14,967 Supermarket 20.0% 22.1% 3.9%

21 79 Co-operative Group Ltd. U.K. 13,130 Supermarket 18.9% -2.3% 1.7%

22 76 Jerónimo Martins, SGPS, Portugal 13,508 Discount Store 18.6% 13.8% 3.6%
S.A.

23 187 Associated British Foods U.K. 4,889 Apparel/Footwear 18.4% 11.5% 5.2%
plc/Primark Specialty

24 147 Compagnie Financière Switzerland 6,420 Other Specialty 18.3% 34.2% 17.4%
Richemont SA

25 130 Reitan Group Norway 8,020 Discount Store 17.9% 11.7% 3.1%

26 165 The SPAR Group Limited S. Africa 5,607 * Supermarket 17.7% 10.4% 2.5%

27 48 Lotte Shopping Co., Ltd. S. Korea 19,077 Hypermarket/ 17.1% 17.2% 4.6%
Supercenter/
Superstore
28 132 Dalian Dashang Group China 7,934 e** Department Store 16.7% 19.9% n/a

29 111 S.A.C.I. Falabella Chile 9,145 e
Home Improvement 16.5% 17.7% 9.7%

30 93 Shoprite Holdings Ltd. S. Africa 10,717 Supermarket 16.3% 14.4% 3.7%

31 226 Agrokor d.d. Croatia 4,117 Supermarket 16.1% 9.5% 0.7%

32 156 FEMSA Comercio, S.A. Mexico 5,992 Convenience/ 15.9% 19.0% n/a
de C.V. Forecourt Store

33 216 Coach, Inc. U.S. 4,232 Other Specialty 15.0% 16.8% 21.8%

34 186 SUNDRUG Co., Ltd. Japan 4,901 Drug Store/ 14.7% 7.3% 3.3%
Pharmacy
35 217 Coppel SA de CV Mexico 4,220 e Department Store 14.1% 18.7% 12.7%


e = estimate


2011 2011
36 196 Grupo Comercial Chedraui, Mexico 4,602 Hypermarket/ 14.1% 8.9% 2.6%
S.A.B. de C.V. Supercenter/
Superstore
37 176 WinCo Foods LLC U.S. 5,200 e Supermarket 14.0% 4.0% n/a

38 204 RaceTrac Petroleum Inc. U.S. 4,400 e
Convenience/ 13.9% 7.3% n/a
Forecourt Store
39 43 Alimentation Couche- Canada 22,998 Convenience/ 13.7% 21.3% 2.0%
Tard Inc. Forecourt Store

40 227 TSURUHA Holdings, Inc. Japan 4,076 Drug Store/ 13.1% 7.4% 3.3%
Pharmacy
41 141 Dirk Rossmann GmbH Germany 7,131 Drug Store/ 13.1% 10.6% n/a
Pharmacy
42 197 Save Mart Supermarkets U.S. 4,600 e Supermarket 13.0% -4.2% n/a

43 100 Fast Retailing Co., Ltd. Japan 10,028 ** Apparel/Footwear 12.8% 0.6% 6.9%
Specialty
44 99 Whole Foods Market, Inc. U.S. 10,108 Supermarket 12.5% 12.2% 3.4%

45 105 GameStop Corp. U.S. 9,551 Other Specialty 12.4% 0.8% 3.5%

46 214 Tractor Supply Company U.S. 4,233 Other Specialty 12.3% 16.3% 5.3%

47 145 Don Quijote Co., Ltd. Japan 6,618 Discount 12.1% 6.6% 3.8%
Department Store
48 113 Dairy Farm International Hong Kong 9,134 Supermarket 12.0% 14.6% 5.3%
Holdings Limited

49 225 Nitori Holdings Co., Ltd. Japan 4,141 Other Specialty 11.9% 5.1% 10.1%

50 45 LVMH Moët Hennessy- France 20,760 e
Other Specialty 11.7% 20.3% 14.6%
Louis Vuitton S.A.

Fastest 50 sales-weighted, currency-adjusted composite 22.1% 19.9% 8.4%

Top 250 sales-weighted, currency-adjusted composite 5.4% 5.1% 3.8%


e = estimate


Q ratio analysis for Global Powers

For the last eight years, this report has included an analysis of the Which companies have high Qs?
Q ratios of publicly traded retailers from our Top 250 list. The Q This year we analyzed the financial results of 157 publicly traded
ratios for this year are slightly higher than last year as global equity companies on our list of the world’s top 250 retailers. This is
prices have, on balance, increased. There are 157 publicly traded unchanged from last year. The composite Q ratio for all companies
retail companies in this analysis. was 1.115, up from 1.006 last year and higher than in each of the
past three years. Yet this year’s composite Q remains well below the
Notably, and for the first time, the highest Q ratio is held by a 1.57 recorded in 2008, just before the start of the global financial
retailer based in an emerging market (Turkey). Another interesting crisis. The company with the highest Q ratio is BIM, the hard
aspect of this year’s analysis is the huge role of Apple, Inc. discount retailer from Turkey. This is the first time that an emerging
Although Apple is a supplier of electronic products and services, it market retailer has topped the list. Moreover, the second-highest Q
is also a significant retailer. It is the most valuable company in the ratio is held by CP of Thailand, another emerging market company.
world based on market capitalization and accounts for 20 percent Third on the list is Swedish fashion retailer HM.
of the market value of all 157 companies on the list. Its high Q
ratio thus makes an important contribution to the overall Q ratio—
especially to the composite Q ratio of electronics retailers. Top retailers by Q ratio

What is the Q ratio—and why do we care? Name of Company Country Q ratio

In the business environment of the early 21st century, the world’s BİM Birleşik Mağazalar A.Ş. Turkey 6.49

leading retailers face intense competition, volatile input prices and CP ALL Public Company Limited Thailand 6.47
slow growth in major developed markets, yet they cannot raise H M Hennes Mauritz AB Sweden 5.5
their prices in line with cost increases as consumers will not accept Inditex, S.A. Spain 5.13
them. All of this implies that, in order for retailers to succeed, they Coach, Inc. U.S. 4.98
will have to find ways to distinguish themselves from competitors. Apple Inc./Apple Stores U.S. 4.26
That means having strong brand identity, offering consumers a Dairy Farm International Holdings Limited Hong Kong SAR 4.15
superior shopping experience and being clearly differentiated from
Amazon.com, Inc. U.S. 4.03
competitors. The latter can entail exclusive merchandise offerings
Belle International Holdings Limited Hong Kong SAR 3.98
including private brands, distinctive store formats and designs and
Whole Foods Market, Inc. U.S. 3.91
superior customer experience. The goal is to have a sufficiently
Tractor Supply Company U.S. 3.85
unique position in the market to generate pricing power and,
consequently, strong profitability. If a publicly traded retailer has Dollar Tree, Inc. U.S. 3.78

these characteristics, it is likely to be rewarded by the financial The TJX Companies, Inc. U.S. 3.73

markets. That is where the Q ratio comes in. Ross Stores, Inc. U.S. 3.64
Fast Retailing Co., Ltd. Japan 3.41
The Q ratio—also known as “Tobin’s Q” after economist James Next plc U.K. 3.06
Tobin—is the ratio of a publicly traded company’s market The Sherwin-Williams Company U.S. 2.98
capitalization to the value of its tangible assets. If this ratio is PetSmart, Inc. U.S. 2.86
greater than one, it means that financial market participants believe Shoprite Holdings Ltd. S. Africa 2.71
that part of a company’s value comes from its non-tangible assets.
Family Dollar Stores, Inc. U.S. 2.56
These can include such things as brand equity, differentiation,
Open Joint Stock Company “Magnit” Russia 2.43
innovation, customer experience, market dominance, customer
AutoZone, Inc. U.S. 2.39
loyalty and skillful execution. The higher the Q ratio, the greater
Compagnie Financière Richemont SA Switzerland 2.39
share of a company’s value that stems from such non-tangibles.
A Q ratio of less than one, on the other hand, indicates failure The Home Depot, Inc. U.S. 2.31

to generate value on the basis of non-tangible assets—that the Bed Bath and Beyond Inc. U.S. 2.25
financial markets view a retailer’s strategy as unable to generate a The Gap, Inc. U.S. 2.17
sufficient return on physical assets. Indeed, it suggests an arbitrage Limited Brands, Inc. U.S. 2.17
opportunity: If a company’s Q ratio is less than one, theoretically President Chain Store Corp. Taiwan 2.09
a company could be purchased through equity markets and the El Puerto de Liverpool, S.A.B. de C.V. Mexico 2.07
tangible assets could then be sold at a profit. Williams-Sonoma, Inc. U.S. 2.06


Highlights Q ratio by dominant format
The retail formats with the highest composite Q ratios are apparel/
footwear and electronics specialty. Apparel retailers have become Q ratio by dominant format

extremely important global players, with a combined market Apparel/Footwear 3.05
capitalization nearly four times higher than the department store Electronic specialty 2.65
industry. The Q ratio of apparel retailers (3.055) is nearly six times Discount store 1.61
higher than that of the department store industry (0.584). Home improvement 1.47
The electronics specialty industry is dominated by Apple, Inc.: Non-store 1.46
While the industry has a composite Q ratio of 2.654, when Other specialty 1.15
Apple is excluded its Q ratio is a mere 0.420.
Discount dept store 0.92
Supermarket 0.84
Although retailers that focus on fast-moving consumer goods
Drugstore/pharm 0.83
(FMCG) have a composite Q ratio of 0.769, the discount store
Hypermarket 0.63
industry does much better, with a composite Q ratio of 1.618.
Convenience/Forecourt 0.6
The discounters with the highest Q ratios are BIM and Dollar Tree
of the United States. Of the four merchandise categories, the Department store 0.58

one with the highest composite Q ratio is hardlines (1.856) which Electronic less Apple 0.42
includes electronics, home improvement, furniture and the like. Yet Q ratio by primary retail sector
when Apple, Inc. is excluded, the hardlines composite Q ratio falls Hardlines 1.85
to 1.106. Fashion 1.69
Hardlines less Apple 1.1
Geographically, retailers in emerging and developed markets have FMCG 0.76
roughly similar Q ratios on average. The weakest composite Q ratios
Diversified 0.55
are those of Japan and Europe, while the Q ratios for the United
Q ratio by country
States, Hong Kong and Mexico are relatively high. Of course, there
Hong Kong 1.65
are exceptions to every rule. Japan-based fashion retailer Fast
U.S. 1.59
Retailing has a very high ratio once again. Similarly, two of the top
four retailers on our Q ratio list are European: HM and Inditex of Mexico 1.3

Spain. Russia 1.19
South Africa 0.88
Canada 0.79
U.K. 0.62
France 0.6
Japan 0.4
Germany 0.21
Q ratio by region
Africa/ ME 1.11
Asia Pac less Japan 1.08
Latin America 1.06
Europe 0.82
Emerging markets 1.14
Developed markets 1.11


Study methodology and data sources

Companies were included in the Top 250 Global Powers of In order to provide a common base from which to rank companies
Retailing list based on their non-auto retail revenue for fiscal year by their Retail Revenue results, fiscal year 2011 revenue (and profits)
2011 (encompasses fiscal years ended through June 2012). for non-U.S. companies were converted to U.S. dollars. Exchange
To be included on the list, a company does not have to derive the rates, therefore, have an impact on the results. OANDA.com is
majority of its revenue from retailing, so long as its retailing activity the source for the exchange rates. The average daily exchange
is large enough to qualify. rate corresponding to each company’s fiscal year was used to
convert that company’s results to U.S. dollars. The 2011 year-over-
A number of sources were consulted to develop the Top 250 year growth rate and the 2006-2011 compound annual growth
list. The principal data sources for financial and other company rate (CAGR) for Retail Revenue, however, were calculated in each
information were annual reports, SEC filings and information found company’s local currency.
in company press releases and fact sheets or on their websites.
If company-issued information was not available, other public- Group financial results
domain sources were used, including trade journal estimates, This report uses sales-weighted composites rather than simple
industry analyst reports and various business information databases. arithmetic averages as the primary measure for understanding
group financial results. Therefore, results of larger companies
Much of the data for non-U.S. retailers came from Planet Retail, contribute more to the composite than do results of smaller
a leading provider of global intelligence, analysis, news and data companies. Because the data has been converted to U.S. dollars
covering more than 10,000 retail operations across 211 markets. for ranking purposes and to facilitate comparison among groups,
Planet Retail has offices in London, Frankfurt, Chicago, Tokyo composite growth rates also have been adjusted to correct for
and Qingdao, China. For more information, please visit www. currency movement. While these composite results generally
planetretail.net. behave in a similar fashion to arithmetic averages, they provide
better representative values for benchmarking purposes.
Group Revenue reflects the consolidated net revenue of a
retailer’s parent company, whether or not that company itself is Group financial results are based only on companies with data.
primarily a retailer. Similarly, the income/loss figure also reflects Not all data elements were available for all companies.
the consolidated results of the parent organization. If a privately
held company reports gross turnover only, this figure is used and It should also be noted that the financial information used for each
footnoted accordingly as “g.” Revenue figures do not include company in a given year is accurate as of the date the financial
operations in which a company has only a minority interest. report was originally issued. Although a company may have
restated prior-year results to reflect a change in its operations or
The Retail Revenue figures in this report reflect only the retail as a result of an accounting change, such restatements are not
portion of the company’s consolidated net revenue. As a result, reflected in this data.
they may reflect adjustments to reported revenue figures to exclude
non-retail operations. Retail Revenue includes foodservice sales This study is not an accounting report. It is intended to provide an
if foodservice is sold as one of the merchandise offerings inside accurate reflection of market dynamics and their impact on the
the retail store or if restaurants are located within the company’s structure of the retailing industry over a period of time. As a result
stores, but excludes separate foodservice/restaurant operations. of these factors, growth rates for individual companies may not
Retail Revenue also includes sales of services related to the correspond to other published results.
company’s retail activities, such as alterations, repair, maintenance,
installation, fuel sales and membership fees.

Revenue figures do not include the retail banner sales of franchised,
licensed or independent cooperative member stores; they do
include royalties and franchising or licensing fees. Group Revenue
includes wholesale sales to such networked operations—both
member stores and other supplied stores. Retail Revenue includes
wholesale sales to affiliated/member stores but excludes traditional
wholesale or other business-to-business revenue (except where
such revenue is derived from retail stores) where it is possible to
break them out.


Consumer Business contacts
For Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited (DTTL) and its member firms

DTTL Global Consumer Europe, Middle East and Poland Chile
Business Africa (EMEA) Dariusz Kraszewski Cristian Alvarez
Industry Leader dkraszewski@deloittece.com cralvarez@deloitte.com
Belgium
Antoine de Riedmatten Koen De Staercke Portugal Mexico
Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited kdestaercke@deloitte.com Luís Belo Pedro Luis Castañeda
aderiedmatten@deloitte.fr lbelo@deloitte.pt lcastaneda@deloittemx.com
Czech Republic/Eastern
Retail Leader Europe Russia/CIS Asia Pacific
Vicky Eng Aaron Martin Alexander Dorofeyev
Deloitte Consulting LLP aamartin@deloittece.com adorofeyev@deloitte.ru Asia Pacific Consumer
veng@deloitte.com Business Leader
Denmark South Africa Yoshio Matsushita
Authors Mie Vibeke Stryg-Madsen Rodger George Deloitte Japan
Ira Kalish stryg-madsen@deloitte.dk rogeorge@deloitte.co.za yomatsushita@tohmatsu.co.jp
Deloitte Services LP
ikalish@deloitte.com East Africa Spain Australia
John Kiarie Juan Jose Roque Simon Cook
Lisa Gomez jkiarie@deloitte.co.ke jroque@deloitte.es scook@deloitte.com.au
Deloitte Consulting LLP
lisgomez@deloitte.com Finland Sweden China
Kari Ekholm Lars Egenaes David Lung
Lisa Fritsch kari.ekholm@deloitte.fi legenaes@deloitte.se dalung@deloitte.com.cn
Deloitte Consulting LLP
lfritsch@deloitte.com France Switzerland India
Stephane Rimbeuf Howard Da Silva Shyamak Tata
Contributors srimbeuf@deloitte.fr hdasilva@deloitte.ch shyamaktata@deloitte.com
Ian Geddes
Deloitte UK Germany Turkey Japan
igeddes@deloitte.co.uk Peter Thormann Ozgur Yalta Yoshio Matsushita
pthormann@deloitte.de oyalta@deloitte.com yomatsushita@tohmatsu.co.jp
Jennifer Lee
Deloitte Canada Greece Ukraine Korea
jenniferlee@deloitte.ca Dimitris Koutsopoulos Andriy Bulakh Jae Il Lee
dkoutsopoulos@deloitte.gr abulakh@deloitte.ua jaeillee@deloitte.com
Special thanks to:
Joseph Cacibauda, Caitlin Ireland United Kingdom Malaysia
Joshua, and Katie Picarsic Kevin Sheehan Nigel Wixcey Yoon Chong Yee
(Deloitte Consulting LLP) kesheehan@deloitte.ie nigelwixcey@deloitte.co.uk ycyee@deloitte.com

North America Israel West Africa New Zealand
Israel Nakel Alain Penanguer Lisa Cruickshank
Canada inakel@deloitte.co.il apenanguer@deloitte.fr lcruickshank@deloitte.co.nz
Ryan Brain
rbrain@deloitte.ca Italy Latin America Singapore
Dario Righetti Eugene Ho
United States drighetti@deloitte.it Latin America Consumer eugeneho@deloitte.com
Alison Paul Business Leader
Deloitte Consulting LLP Netherlands Reynaldo Saad Taiwan
apaul@deloitte.com Erik Nanninga Deloitte Brazil Benjamin Shih
enanninga@deloitte.nl rsaad@deloitte.com benjaminshih@deloitte.com.tw

Argentina/LATCO Thailand
Daniel Varde Montree Panichakul
dvarde@deloitte.com mpanichakul@deloitte.com

Brazil
Reynaldo Saad
rsaad@deloitte.com


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