2_Q1-Personal Development 11 PowerPoints
- 2. What I Know But…let us start first with a short pre-test to assess your previous knowledge. You may write again your answers in any size of paper. Write TRUE if the statement is correct, and if incorrect change the underline word/s to make the statement correct. 1. Boys usually start their growing spurt earlier than girls. 2. Obesity is commonly associated with hormonal changes. 3. An urge of independence is felt during adolescence stage. 4. Release of spermarche among boys indicates sexual maturity. 5. Widening of the hips is caused by the hormone called estradiol.
- 3. 6. Physical attractiveness is one major concern among adolescents. 7. During adolescence, most teenagers gradually seek for their identity. 8. Psychologists believe that our thoughts influence our feelings and behaviors. 9. Hormones are chemical substances produced by endocrine glands that actively affect physical growth and development. 10.Testosterone is an estrogen that is strongly associated with the physical development of girls, such as widening of hips, and breast and uterine development.
- 4. What I Need to Know Hello Senior High School students and welcome back to the second wave of your journey towards knowing yourself more. This module will help you to become more aware of the various changes that you have encountered in your adolescence life. With these changes you will be directed to find ways in coping with the challenges of growing up and understand further its implications to you as a person. So, are you excited now in acknowledging the fact that you have grown up as a teenager? Then, please read the learning objectives of this module 2 before you will start again the journey. At the end of this lesson, you can: ▪ write the physiological, cognitive, psychological or emotional, social, moral or spiritual changes; and ▪ share your personal ways on how to cope with these changes in life as a teenager.
- 5. What’s In Welcome back senior high school students in your next journey of knowing yourself better! You have learned in the previous module that the concept of self is a result of the interplay of the different elements of your personality namely; body, thoughts, emotions, and sensations. The challenges that you are going through today as a teenager will serve as your motivation of becoming the person you will be in the future. Activity 1: WORD ASSOCIATION When you hear the word adolescence, what word or phrase directly comes into your mind? Give at least 5 words (You may write your answers in your journal)
- 6. What’s New Activity 2: THE CHANGES IN YOU It is now time to explore the world of the adolescence stage. Get your journal and write at least two (2) changes of the different aspects of holistic development that you have observed with yourself.
- 7. Adolescence is referred to as the teenage years, which start at the age of twelve (12) and end at the age of twenty-one (21). The beginning of the physiological development is shown by the onset of puberty. There are children who experience puberty as early as the age of nine (9). What is puberty then? Puberty refers to the physical transformation that a child experiences as sexual maturity is reached. It is at this stage that the child may be overly concerned with appearance and body image (Lewis 2015). The life stage of the teenagers is very crucial because it is a transition from one stage to another (Hurlock, 1982). Teenagers usually strive to establish their personalities to prove that they are adults already however immediately and disappointingly. More so, rejection is a primary issue during adolescence.
- 8. The sense of belongingness is a struggle, the feeling of being unaccepted, and being alone place the teenagers to a difficult situation which may result to peer pressure, easily influenced by peers. Proper guidance and constant follow-up from their support system like parents and other special people around them is very important. But all of these wonders and challenges make an important crossroad in your journey in life. Now, let us understand the different aspects of development of adolescence.
- 9. Physical or Physiological Changes What would a person look like when he/she grows up? That depends on heredity. The genes he/she got from his/her parents contribute in the physical appearance of a person. Changes among boys; eventually grow larger than girls, muscles grow, testes or gonads rapidly grow bigger for a year during early pubescence, the penis also grows markedly, voice becomes husky, and there is production and release of spermarche, when they experience nocturnal emissions or wet dreams. This is an indication that their male reproductive organs have become mature in function and that they are already capable of reproduction.
- 10. While the changes among girls; start their growth spurt earlier than boys, the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and vagina, grow rapidly during puberty, menarche, or the first menstrual period, marks a girl’s sexual maturity and is indicative of her capacity to be pregnant, more melodious voice, hips become wider and rounder which resulted in the enlargement of their pelvic region, and breasts also develop and muscles grow in size and strength. Androgens and Estrogens are hormones or chemical substances produced by endocrine glands that actively affect physical growth and development. These hormones are present in both males and females. However, each of them functions more strongly in one sex than the other. Testosterone an androgen that is strongly associated in the physical maturation of boys. Increased level of testosterone in males is related to changes in height, deepening of voice, and development of genitals, as well as sexual desires and activities.
- 11. Estradiol An estrogen that is strongly associated in the physical development of girls such as widening of hips, and breast and uterine development. These hormonal changes especially among girls may trigger weight gain and is often associated with obesity Physical attractiveness is one of the major concerns of teenagers. According to Stice and Shaw (2002), only few adolescents experience body-cathexis or satisfaction with their bodies. They do things to prove that they are attractive. Further, below are the implications of physical changes among teenagers: ◆ Their concerns about their physical appearance may also increase ◆ May realize that some people treat those who are attractive better than those who are less attractive. ◆ It also explains why some teens are shy and cumbersome in appearing in public as well as in expressing their ideas.
- 12. ◆ Some are too conscious to do even simple activities such as walking along the school corridor, and even sensitive to criticisms. ◆ Some teenagers have low self- esteem and lack of self- confidence. Remember that it is in understandable to get affected by these body changes. The challenge is how to cope with these changes? You just need to have some adjustments- on how you view the things that are happening in your body both inside and outside. You may put emphasis on personal hygiene to reduce acne and body odor. Perform physical exercises and activities to avoid being fat and be fit instead. Yet, it is only through self- acceptance that you become brave enough to face the “whole new you”.
- 13. Cognitive Changes Cognitive development refers to the progression of one’s ability to think ang reason out, adolescents develop the ability to think and interconnect things in relation to problem solving. During adolescence, your brain goes through significant structural development stages as well. The neurons in the corpus callosum thicken and connect the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere of the brain, making the brain process information faster and more effectively. Development is also observed in the prefrontal cortex, which is involved in decision-making, reasoning, and controlling one’s emotions. Likewise, amygdala, the seat of your emotions such as anger, sadness, and happiness, matures much earlier than the prefrontal cortex. The cognitive apparatuses develop, teenagers become more capable of thinking abstractly, instead of thinking only of today which may lead to:
- 14. • ask a lot of questions, not only about yourself but also about everything around you • no longer comfortable with simple explanations but you look for a deeper meaning of things • express their doubts about their parents parenting style as well as the principles and beliefs of their family ● compare the parenting styles at home and that of the peers. These may result to being pickle-minded or tendency of being undecisive and leads you to explore and experiment. Moreover, the fast-changing decisions prompt teenagers to engage in risky behaviors such as cutting classes, cheating, smoking and or drugs, drinking alcoholic beverages, lying, computer game addiction, and even stealing. In this manner, you are encouraged to pause and study your situation before making any unnecessary actions or decisions. It is of great help if you consult a trusted adult like your parents, brothers or sisters, your teachers, or any confidant regarding your situation.
- 15. Psychological or Emotional Changes According to Hurlock (1982), adolescence, as a transition period, has often been described as a period of “storm and stress”. You get easily excited with some situations, but you also tend to easily show your irritation. Emotional maturity should be achieved by the end of adolescence. The indicators that you have finally achieved emotional maturity are: a. You know how to express your emotions in a socially acceptable manner b. When you face difficult situations, you exercise critical thinking and not being emotionally carried away c. You realize that lessons can be learned from each challenging experience d. You become less reactive to provocations and emotionally heated situations. These realizations are important in your journey toward self-actualization.
- 16. Social Changes One of the key concepts crucial in the study of adolescence is identity crisis. Based on Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development, the period of adolescence is the most challenging and turbulent stage in the framing of the identity of an individual. He espouses that the struggle in forming one’s identity and the confusion of roles attached to it occurs around the time when adolescence happens. On the other hand, social pressures and demands add to the stress and storm of the adolescence stage. Here are some of the social changes you may experience please take note: 1. Your attitude, speech, interests, appearance, and behavior are greatly influenced by your peers, as you spend more time outside your home. 2. You may prefer fewer friends and intimate relationship and become curious about relationships with the opposite sex and experience physical attraction.
- 17. 3. You are more socially competent and tend to participate more in social gatherings which is manifested in your ability to carry on conversations, behave properly in front of people, and have confidence to share your talents. 4. Your need for belongingness is manifested in this stage. However, the need of belongingness if not handled well, this may lead to peer pressure, you conform to the standards of your peers or the expectation that you need to comply to the standards of your peer groups without considering the consequences. This is shown when you are easily influenced by others like giving in to drinking alcoholic beverages, playing computer games, and strolling in the mall. Worst cases is when you give in for cutting classes, smoking, taking illegal drugs, and perform sexual activities because of peer pressure, the fear of being labelled as “kill joy” and the fear that they may “unfriend” you in the group.
- 18. You need to make social adjustments to overcome challenges. What do you need to do to successfully make social adjustments? Enhance your social skills by carrying yourself gracefully in front of others, and just enjoy the company of your peers. To cope up with social pressures, you should also learn to clarify your limitations, and learn to say no so that you maintain self-reliance. Moral or Spiritual Changes Morality means “a set of guiding principles that direct a person in the pursuit of what of right or wrong and what is good or bad.” The development of the adolescent in the moral aspect shows the fruition of these guiding principles and is manifested by the concrete application of these guidelines in daily life (Oswalt 2015). Moral development starts with obeying your elders when you are still a child to more internal, moral thinking during adolescence. According to Kohlberg, adolescents should have attained the
- 19. postconventional reasoning or have developed moral reasoning based on the universal human rights. This means that adolescents must be able to stand on what their personal conscience dictates them to do. For example, you already know that cheating is bad and that giving answer to your classmate during test is wrong. But your classmate who is your friend and popular in the school ask an answer from you during the test. And even whisper to you that if you will not give the answer, he would “unfriend” you. You know that if you will not give the answer, you will be left out in the social activities in school. What would you do? What would your personal conscience tell you to do?
- 20. Assessing the given situation, teenager would easily give in and just give the answer right away. However, if we base our judgement through the post conventional morality reasoning, you should stand on your ground, do what you think is right, and perceive the situation as a personal decision based on the personal codes you instill in your mind. According to Hurlock (1982), adolescents who deviate from their general principles and act upon the wishes of others even though these are wrong are more likely to suffer from self-condemnation. Therefore, having developed a sound conscience or the inner force that makes external controls unnecessary (Hurlock, 1982) plays an important role in assuming responsibility in your life. Moreover, being focused will assist you in your journey on how you want to live your life. Your moral judgement becomes clearer when you see your purpose in life.
- 21. What’s More Activity3: YOU are YOU Please go back to your answers in the What’s New part of this module. I would like you to continue that activity following the format below . Aspects of Holistic Development Changes You Have Experienced (at least two) Your Coping Mechanism (How did you cope with those changes in you? 1. Physical/Physiological 2. Cognitive 3.Psychological/Emotional 4. Social 5. Moral/Spiritual
- 22. What I have Learned Activity 4: REFLECTION I want you to share your learnings/realizations from this module by answering the following in your journal notebook: 1. I learned that ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 2. I realized that __________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
- 24. What I can Do Activity 5: THE PAPER COLLAGE To further appreciate your traits, abilities, and talents as a teenager do this activity! This activity will help provide you the opportunity to look deeper into your role as a teenager and analyze the importance of this stage in your life. Instructions: 1.Prepare the following materials: a. Board paper d. old magazines or newspaper b. Tissue or art paper e. pair of scissors c. Glue or paste f. and other materials you need 2. Using the materials, create a collage that will illustrate your meaning and purpose in life as a teenager. 3. You may also cut letters, words or phrases from the used magazines or newspapers to add captions and labels to your collage.
- 25. Please see the rubric below for your score guide of this activity. Category/ Score 5 3 2 Creativity All of the graphics or objects used in the collage reflect a degree of student creativity in their display. Most of the graphics or objects used in the collage reflect student creativity in their display. Only a few graphics or objects reflect student creativity, but the ideas were typical rather than creative. Design Graphics are cut to an appropriate size, shape and rearranged neatly. Care has been taken to balance the pictures across the area. Items are glued neatly and securely. 1-2 graphics are lacking in design or placement. There may be a few smudges or glue marks. 3-4 graphics are lacking in design or placement. Too much background is showing. There are noticeable smudges or glue marks. Time & Effort Much time and effort went into the planning and design of the collage. Some time and effort went into the collage. Student could have put in more time and effort at home. Student did do some work at home. Title & Explanation The title is catchy and creative and related to the collage. The title provided relates to the collage. Title and labels are incomplete. Score 20 12 8
- 26. ASSESSMENT 1. It refers to the physical transformation that a child experiences as sexual maturity is reached. a. Adolescence c. Adulthood b. Childhood d. Puberty 2. It is referred as the teenage years which starts at the age of 12 and end at the age of 21. c. Adolescence c. Adulthood d. Childhood d. Puberty 3. Emotional maturity is achieved during _________. e. adulthood c. early adolescence f. end of adolescence d. Puberty
- 27. 4. What would adolescents likely suffer from when they act upon someone’s request or demand even though it goes against their principles or moral beliefs? a.self- assurance c. self – condemnation b.self- blame d. self- devaluation 5. Which is a characteristic of cognitive development during adolescence? c. Tendency to ask a lot of questions about many things d.Tendency to question their parents’ style of upbringing e. Tendency to look for deeper meanings about the things around them f. All of the above 6. Which does not relate to emotional maturity? g.Acting impulsively h. Remaining composed despite annoyance i. Thinking critically before making any decisions d. Expressing emotions in a socially acceptable manner
- 28. 7. Which statement indicates that post conventional reasoning among adolescents is achieved? a. They follow to the standards of their peers. b. They can stand for what they believe is right. c. They consult their peers about certain decisions. d. They begin to question their parents’ beliefs and style. 8. Which statement best illustrates emotional stability? e. You can face many people. f. You can escape certain situations. g. You can ignore the person who hurt you. h. You can express your emotions in a socially acceptable manner.
- 29. II. Write CORRECT if the statement is correct and if not change the underline word/s to make the statement correct. 9. Obesity is commonly associated with hormonal changes. 10.Release of spermarche among boys indicates sexual maturity. 11.Widening of the hips is caused by the hormone called estradiol. 12.Physical attractiveness is one major concern among adolescents. 13.Hormones are chemical substances produced by endocrine glands. 14.During adolescence, most teenagers gradually seek for their identity. 15.Testosterone is an estrogen that is strongly associated with the physical development of girls, such as deepening of the voice, widening of the shoulders, and increase in height.
- 30. Additional Activities Activity 6: ESSAY Very good Senior High Students you are almost done with module 2. Using your journal, answer the following questions: 1. Why is adolescence considered a turning point in life of a growing child? 2. How do people in the child’s surroundings influence his/her life?